Abstract:The new guttae ophthalmic Xiaoxingzhang (XXZ)was extracted from Radix Actinidiae, a traditional Chinese herbal drug. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of XXZ on type Ⅰ Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) in virus cell cultures is 165.48～174.73μg/ml. However, XXZ concentrations greater than 400μg/ml did not cause any microscopically visible disruption of veto cells. The efficacy of XXZ in the treatment of experimental Herpes Simplex Keratitis (HSK) in rabbits is higher than that of idoxuridine. The effective doses of XXZ are not toxic to corneal epithelium. The results suggest that XXZ as a new anti-HSV preparation is potentialy useful in the treatment of patients with HSK.