全 文 ： 2011 9 19 5
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Sep. 2011, 19(5): 11821189 遥感与信息技术应用


* (KZCX1-YW-08-03-07) (D2009000293)
(L2006B19) 2009 (200902014)
(1982~), , , GIS E-mail: huqiaoli2008@sohu.com
: 2011-03-22 : 2011-07-05
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01182
/
*
胡乔利1 齐永青2 胡引翠1, 3 张玉翠2 吴成本1 张广录 2 沈彦俊2
(1. 050016; 2.
050022; 3. 050016)
本文利用土地利用转移矩阵和景观破碎化指数、景观多样化指数采用典型样带对京津冀地区 1990
年、2000 年土地利用数据进行了土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)和景观格局变化(LPC)的定量及定性分析, 探讨了
其影响因素, 为该区域土地资源可持续利用提供依据。结果发现区域内居民地附近 LUCC 和 LPC 强度最大, 尤
其北京、石家庄等地变化明显。利用多年社会经济统计数据, 通过相关分析和主成分分析, 定量地确定社会经
济、农业生产条件和交通是京津冀地区 LUCC 和 LPC 的主要驱动因子。而后，定性分析了地形复杂度和政策
对京津冀地区 LUCC 和 LPC 的影响, 发现西部及北部山区地形较复杂, 人类活动干扰较小, 故 LUCC 和 LPC
在平原地区表现更突出。但生态政策如退耕还林还草和土地开发整理等对西部山区 LUCC 和 LPC 有不同程度
的影响。最后, 综合分析各驱动力在不同地区影响的差异 , 发现社会经济发达的大城市的驱动因素主要为社会
经济, 而传统农业区主要受农业生产条件的影响。通过以上定量及定性分析京津冀地区 LUCC 和 LPC 的驱动
因子, 尤其是对驱动因素的时空分异规律分析, 为土地管理决策、土地资源保护等提供了科学的依据和指导。
京津冀地区 土地利用/覆被变化 景观格局 驱动因素 转移矩阵 景观多样化指数 景观破碎
化指数
: Q49 : A : 1671-3990(2011)05-1182-08
Changes and driving forces of land use/cover and landscape
patterns in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
HU Qiao-Li
1
, QI Yong-Qing
2
, HU Yin-Cui
1,3
, ZHANG Yu-Cui
2
, WU Cheng-Ben
1
,
ZHANG Guang-Lu
2
, SHEN Yan-Jun
2

(1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China; 2. Center for
Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang
050022, China; 3. Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang 050016, China)
Abstract Conversion matrix of land use/cover, landscape fragmentation index (LFI) and landscape diversification index (LDI)
were used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze changes in land use/cover (LUC) and landscape pattern (LP) for 1990~2000 in
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and their driving forces. Two typical sample belts were used in the study. The results showed
that changes in LUC and LP were significant especially in the residential areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang cities. The appli-
cation of component and correlation analyses on socio-economic statistical data showed that LUC and LP changes in the region were
mainly driven by socio-economic, agro-production and transportation factors. Terrain and policy effects on the changes in LUC and
LP were also analyzed and discussed. Complex terrains hindered human disturbances in the west/north mountain areas. Compared
with mountainous areas therefore, the plains had more profound changes in LUC and LP in the study area. On the other hand, eco-
logical policies such as conversion of croplands into forests and grasslands along with land development and consolidation consti-
tuted critical modes of LUC and LP changes in mountainous regions. Comprehensive analysis on the driving forces of LUC and LP
5 : / 1183


changes in the region showed that socio-economic factors were more important in the metropolises and that agro-production condi-
tions dominated in traditional agricultural areas. The analysis and especially that of temp-spatial analysis provided a useful dimension
to land resources management and protection in the BTH study area.
Key words Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Land use/cover change, Landscape pattern, Driving force, Conversion matrix,
Landscape diversification index, Landscape fragmentation index
(Received Mar. 22, 2011; accepted Jul. 5, 2011)
, /
,
[1]
,
[2]
,
,
,
[36]
1990 , 2008
12.6
9.9 7.7
[78]
, 43.8%
10.0% 19.7%
[712]
/ (land use/
cover change, LUCC)
[1315]
Mottet
[16]
, ,
[17]
20
90 ,
[18]
LUCC
,
, LUCC (landscape pattern
change, LPC)
, ,
LUCC LPC ,
,
1990~2000
LUCC LPC ,
,

1 研究区域概况与研究方法
1.1
3
, 113°04′~119°53′, 36°01′~42°37′
,
, ,
, ,
,
10
,
1.2
/
1990 2000 1︰
100 000
1︰100 000 ,
6 , :
LUCC ,
,
[19]
(LFI) (LDI)
LUCC LPC
, 1990~2000 LDI LFI
1990 2000
2008
,
, ( 1),
LUCC LPC
1.2.1
(landscape fragmentation index,
LFI)
[19]
, :
 
   
 
1 , ,
,
,
t tNP i j NP i j
LFI i j
A i j
 
 (1)
, t , t+1
, NPt
, NPt 1 ,
A , (i, j)
1.2.2
(landscape diversification index,
LDI) ,
[19]
:
1( , ) ( , )t tLDI SHDI i j SHDI i j  (2)

1
[ ln( )]
m
i i
i
SHDI P P

  (3)
1184 2011 19




图 1 研究区域(京津冀地区)所选取的典型样带区位图
Fig. 1 Typical belt transects’ location map in the study area
(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)

, SHDI (Shannon diversity
index), Pi i , t
, t+1 , (i,
j)
,
LUCC LPC ,
LUCC LPC
2 结果与分析
2.1 /
2.1.1 /
1990~2000 ,
,
( 2),
, ,
( 1) ,
78.05%,
; ,
;
, 10
21.05%,
,
, LUCC
, LUCC LUCC

2.1.2
LFI LDI,
LPC 3 3 km×3 km
LFI LDI,
,
LUCC LPC ,
3 ,
;
10 LPC ;



图 2 京津冀地区 1990 年(a)和 2000 年(b)土地利用分布图
Fig. 2 Distribution maps of land use in 1990 (a) and 2000 (b) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
5 : / 1185


表 1 土地利用变化转移矩阵与相对变化率(1990~2000 年)
Table 1 Conversion matrix and relative change rates of land use/cover change in
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1990 to 2000 km
2

1990
Year 1990
2000 Year 2000

Cropland

Woodland

Grassland

Water body

Built-up land

Unused land

Total
Cropland 92 611 2 858 5 289 45 3 268 657 104 727
Woodland 2 799 37 086 5 008 262 256 110 45 521
Grassland 5 483 5 065 26 001 404 451 211 37 615
Water body 66 260 363 6 288 424 63 7 465
Built-up land 283 212 317 31 16 287 107 17 235
Unused land 583 81 193 63 179 1 822 2 921
Total 101 825 45 562 37 171 7 093 20 865 2 970 215 486
Change 2 903 41 444 371 3 628 48 —
Rate of change (%) 2.77 0.09 1.18 4.97 21.05 1.64 —



图 3 京津冀地区 1990~2000 年间景观多样化指数(LDI, a)和景观破碎化指数(LFI, b)变化的空间分布图
Fig. 3 Spatial distributions of landscape diversification index (LDI, a) and landscape fragmentation index (LFI, b) in
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1990 to 2000

, LDI
LFI , LPC ,
, ;
,
2 ,
,
LPC
2.2 /
2.2.1
( 1),
( )
( )
, ,
1
, 2
, ( 4) 4
, GDP
, ;
,
; ,
2.2.2
LUCC LPC , LUCC
,
LPC 20
( )1990~2000 (Y1)
LDI(Y2) LFI(Y3) (X1)
(X2) (X3) (X4)
(X5) (X6)
(X7) (X8)
, LUCC LPC
2 LDI LFI
1186 2011 19




图 4 京津冀地区两条样带内各县(市、区)的基本状况(2008 年)
Fig. 4 Basic situations of counties (cities or districts) in the belt transects of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2008

表 2 京津冀地区两条样带内各县(市、区)土地利用/覆被(Y1)、景观多样化指数(Y2)和景观破碎化
指数(Y3)变化驱动因子相关矩阵
Table 2 Correlation matrix of driving forces of changes in land use/cover (Y1), landscape diversification
index (LDI, Y2) and landscape fragmentation index (LFI, Y3 )
Y1 Y2 Y3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8
Y1 1.00
Y2 0.05 1.00
Y3 0.36 0.77 1.00
X1 0.17 0.59 0.38 1.00
X2 0.47 0.26 0.09 0.15 1.00
X3 0.37 0.05 0.19 0.20 0.30 1.00
X4 0.27 0.43 0.31 0.90 0.21 0.07 1.00
X5 0.48 0.18 0.23 0.47 0.33 0.17 0.69 1.00
X6 0.62 0.58 0.59 0.18 0.04 0.28 0.05 0.40 1.00
X7 0.27 0.43 0.25 0.95 0.28 0.15 0.93 0.58 0.04 1.00
X8 0.69 0.10 0.17 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.55 0.78 0.57 0.50 1.00
X1: Total population; X2: Population in rural area; X3: Agricultural mechanical power; X4:
Local total output value; X5: Net income per farmer; X6: Road kilometers; X7: Social retail
goods; X8: Town capita wage.

5 : / 1187


,
;
LDI
; LFI
, :
,
,
,
3 ,
1, 83.88% LUCC
LPC

2.2.3
LUCC LPC ,
LUCC LPC ,
, ,
3
,

2.2.3.1
(1) 1990 ,
, , 2000
8 176.34 10 ,
202.3 ,
4.72% 15.81%
[20]
,
,

(2) /
,
,
,
,
,

,
,
5,
,
,
,
1990~2000
10 ,
( 6)
, LDI LFI
2.2.3.2
/
,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
,
2.2.3.3
1990~2000 10
, 
 , ,
, ,
,
,
,



图 5 京津冀地区试验所选样带与城市关系图
Fig. 5 Location relationship of research belt transects and big
1188 2011 19


cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
,
,
,
2.2.3.4
[21]
, LUCC LPC
, ,
LUCC LPC
, 7
7a ,
,
, , ;
7b ,
[22]
,
7b , ,
7
, ,
,
, LUCC LPC

,



图 6 京津冀地区两条样带内各县(市、区)耕地面积与景观多样化指数和景观破碎化指数变化对比图
Fig. 6 Changes of farmland area, landscape diversification index (LDI) and landscape fragmentation index (LFI) in the
belt transects of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region



图 7 京津冀地区地形复杂度分布图(a: 坡度变化率; b: 地形起伏度)
5 : / 1189


Fig. 7 Charts of terrain complexity distribution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (a: change rate of gradient; b: relief amplitude)

,
,
1990~2008
, ,
,
LUCC LPC
3 结论
LUCC LPC ,
1990~2000
,
20
,
LUCC LPC
LUCC LPC
, LUCC LPC
, LUCC LPC
, LUCC LPC
,
LUCC LPC
:
LUCC LPC ,
, LUCC
LPC LUCC LPC
,
,
, /
,
, LUCC LPC ,
LUCC LPC
, ,

LUCC LPC
,
,
,

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