Spatial Pattern Analysis of Individuals in Different Age-classes of Betula platyphylla in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province Spatial distribution pattern of tree individuals in the Schrenk spruce forest, northwest China Scale effect of Nanjing urban green infrastructure network pattern and connectivity analysis. Developing ecological networks based on mspa and the least-cost path method: a case study in bazhong western new district Spatial distribution pattern of different strata and spatial assocations of different strata in the Schrenk Spruce Forest, northwest China Landscape connectivity dynamics of urban green landscape based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and linear spectral mixture model (LSMM) in Shenzhen Estimation and spatial pattern analysis of forest biomass in Fenglin Nature Reserve based on Geostatistics