Characteristics of Temperature, Soil Freezing and Thawing, and River Flow in Pailugou Watershed of Qilian Mountains Changes of grassland ecosystem due to degradation of permafrost frozen soil in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Seasonal Change and Numerical Simulation of the Frozen Soil under Two Types of Vegetation in Qilian Mountains Plant species diversity of grassland plant communities in permafrost regions of the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Responses of soil respiration to changes in depth of seasonal frozen soil in Ebinur Lake area, arid area of Northwest China