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作 者 ：王政权, 王庆成, 李哈滨

期 刊 ：植物生态学报 2000年 24卷 6期 页码：718-723

关键词：空间异质性研究对认识不同尺度上的生态系统；

Keywords:Spatial heterogeneity, Spatial patterns, Geostatistics, Korean pine forests,

摘 要 ：空间异质性研究对认识不同尺度上的生态系统结构、功能和过程具有重要的理论意义。采用地统计学理论和方法，通过空间异质性特征和比较研究了我国东北红松老龄林中主要树种，即红松(Pinus koraiensis)、云杉(Picea koraiensis)、冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)、枫桦(Betula costata)和紫椴(Tilia amurensis)的空间异质性程度、空间异质性组成、尺度和格局问题。结果表明：红松老龄林中主要树种虽然生长在同一林分中，但是它们的空间异质性与格局具有明显的差异。红松的空间异质性程度最高，分数维较低，其空间异质性主要由空间自相关部分组成，在450m的尺度内，具有明显的空间格局。枫桦的空间异质性程度最低，分数维最大，空间异质性主要由随机部分组成，在大于100m的尺度上不存在明显的空间格局。云杉和冷杉由于生长的立地相似，因此具有相似的空间异质性特征和格局。紫椴是红松最重要的伴生树种，其空间异质性程度、空间异质性组成、尺度和格局等方面与红松接近。红松老龄林中主要树种空间异质性与格局在一定尺度上的差异，反映这些树种在生态系统中具有不同的生态学功能和过程。

Abstract:Spatial heterogeneity is important in the function and processes of ecological system at a variety of scales. In this paper we use geostatistical theory and methods, to study the degree, composition, scale and pattern of spatial heterogeneity in old growth forest of korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), spruce (Picea koraiensis), fir(Abies nephrolepis), birch (Betula costata) and linden (Tilia amurensis) in Northeastern China. The results show that there are high levels of variation in spatial heterogeneity and pattern between species even when the five species are growing in a single stand. Korean pine, for which autocorrelated spatial heterogeneity is a main component, has a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, with a low fractal pattern and strongest spatial pattern at the scale of 450 m. Birch, with small degrees of spatial heterogeneity and high fractal pattern, has no spatial pattern beyond the scale of 100 m due to its random spatial heterogeneity and and constant variation over all scales. Spruce and fir are typically found growing together and show similar spatial heterogeneity and patterns. Linden is an important company species of korean pine and its spatial heterogeneity and pattern are close to that of korean pine.

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