采用丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数对山西历山自然保护区猪尾沟森林群落多样性进行研究。结果表明：1）同一群落内，多样性指数存在一定的波动范围；不同群落间，物种多样性也存在差异，但其并不一定具有统计学意义。由此表明，群落之间存在差异，同时也存在着连续性。2）海拔高度是决定本区多样性分布格局的主导因子，随着群落分布海拔高度的增加，多样性呈一致的上升趋势，即多样性与海拔呈正相关关系。3）群落物种多样性对海拔的敏感性由大到小的次序为草本层> 乔木层> 灌木层，其中乔木层的丰富度指数、草本层均匀度指数与海拔有着极显著的正相关关系，而乔木层的多样性指数、草本层的丰富度指数与海拔有着极显著的负相关关系，灌木层的多样性与海拔没有显著的相关性。4）群落中不同结构、不同层次对群落总体多样性的贡献是不同的，两种测定方法所产生的总体多样性之间呈显著相关关系，表明给定加权参数的测定方法没有影响客观生态意义的反映，同时也更好地反映出群落结构对于群落多样性的功能差异。
Abstract The relationships between species diversity and the community types, environmental variables and community structure, were studied using the richness indices, diversity indices and evenness indices. 1) Although species diversity within a community varied, there was a greater variation in species diversity among different communities. However, we found that this variation was not always statistically significant, indicating that these communities not only have heterogeneity, but also continuity. 2) It was the altitudinal gradient which determined the patterns of species diversity. With the increase of elevation, all diversity indices increased, and the relationships between diversity indices and altitude were positive correlated. 3) The order of sensitivity in terms of the responses of species diversity to altitude in forest communities was herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer. Richness indices of the tree layer and evenness indices of herb layer were significantly positive correlation to elevation, while diversity indices of the former and richness indices of the latter had a significantly negative correlation to it. 4) In order to measure community diversity as a whole, weighting parameter was used.