全 文 ：Journal of Forestry Research, 18(3): 193−198 (2007)
193
DOI: 10.1007/s11676-007-0039-3
Chemical composition and free radicals restraining activity of extracts
from three Manglietia species leaves
HE Kai-yue1, ZHANG Shuang-quan2, LI Xiao-chu3, FAN Ya-su1, JIN Xiao-yan2
1 College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.
2 College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, P. R. China
3 Jiangsu Forestry Academy of Science, Nanjing, 211153, P. R. China
Abstract: The extracts from leaves of Manglietia insignis (Wall) Blume, Manglietia chingii Dandy and Manglietia yuyuanensis Law were
prepared by organic solvent extraction and their components were analyzed by GC/MS and quantified. Meanwhile, the free radicals re-
straining activities were detected. The 21 compounds in M. insignis, 36 compounds in M. chigii and 20 compounds in M. yuyuanensis were
identified. There were 11 common components in the extracts from three Manglietia species, and 12 components in two Manglietia species.
The results of relative contents of every component in three extracts showed that the main constituents of M. insignis were terpenoids and
alkene, amounting to 38.93%, followed by alkane (28.18%), the nitrogen containing compounds (15.73%) and aromatic compounds (7.23
%). The main constituents of leaf extract from M. chingii were the terpenoids and alkene, carboxylic acid, alkane and aromatic compounds,
amounting to 30.22%, 14.17%, 13.87% and 13.29%, respectively. The main constituents of M. yuyuanensis were alcohol compounds, the
terpenoids and alkene, and aromatic compounds, amounting to 28.00%, 25.38% and 18.00% respectively. The results showed that the three
extracts had strong function of restraining oxygen free radicals. The ultra oxygen anions activity was restrained at the highest level, when
the three extracts were diluted by hundred-fold, whereas the restraining capacity of hydroxyl free radicals reached maximum, when the three
extracts were diluted by twenty-fold. The above results provide scientific evidences for further approaching the ecological healthy function
of three Manglietia species
Keywords: Manglietia; Extracts; Chemical components; Free radicals restraining activity
Introduction
The plants in Manglietia are important evergreen broadleaf trees
in Magnoliaceae. They have good shapes and luxuriant branches
as well as leaves, being excellent afforesting trees. In researches
of Manglietia, He et al. (2004) detected the drought resistance of
M. insignis. Zhong et al. (2006) carried out the comparative
analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils from five
Magnoliaceae plants, including wild M. yuyuanensis growing in
Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, and
tested their antioxidant effectiveness. Now it is known that the
Foundation project: This paper was supported by the National
“Eleven ·Five” Scientific and Technological Supporting project “Test and
demonstration for typical region city forest construction technol-
ogy(2006BAD03A19) ”
Received date: 2007-04-18; Accepted date: 2007-06-04
©Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag 2007
Electronic supplymentary material is available in the online version of
this article at http://dxdoi.org/ 10.1007/s11676-007-0039-3
Biography: He Kai-yue (1959-), female, Tongliang Chongqing, Sichuan. Vice
professor, Ph.D. Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
Research field: Biochemistry and Plant physiology.
Email: Hekaiy2002@yahoo.com.cn
*Corresponding author: Zhang Shuang-quan
Email: Zhangshuangquan1952@yahoo.com.cn
Responsible editor: Hu Yanbo
natural plants contain some antioxidant components (Lebeau et
al. 2000; Sun et al. 2005). Of which, certain reducing substances
may eliminate free radicals or inhibit free radical reaction by
antioxidation in the body of organism so as to reduce or block
the damages of free radical oxidation to the body. The substances
also play a very important role in the prevention and therapy of
certain diseases. These natural antioxidants are similar to many
antioxidant substances in the human body, which may repress
such types of active oxygen as ultra oxygen anions (O2-), hy-
droxyl free radicals (⋅OH) and H2O2 under the environment
simulating the human body. Chyau et al. (2006) obtained water
extracts from three different color leaves of Terminalia catappa
L and found that they had relatively higher scavenging action to
hydroxyl free radicals (Chyau et al. 2006; He et al. 2006a and
2006b; He et al. 2007). The active oxygen free radicals play an
important role in many physiological events of human body, such
as signal transduction, inducing proliferation and differentiation,
inducing apoptosis and so on. However, excessive oxygen free
radicals may injure cells, Of which, ultra oxygen anion free
radical (O2-) can be engendered by non-enzymatic and enzymatic
reactions in aerobe, and leads to direct DNA damage of cells.
Besides, hydroxyl free radical (⋅OH), another kind of active
oxygen free radical has the strongest oxidation in cells and can
be produced by many different ways. Therefore, ⋅OH has the
greatest destructiveness to cells.
M. insignis, M. chingii and M. yuyuanensis were selected as
materials in the present experiment and the extracts from the
leaves were prepared by organic solvent extraction. Their com-
ponents and relative contents were tested with the use of GC/MS
and effects of the extracts on restraining oxygen free radical
activities were also detected. Two indices for restraining ultra
HE Kai-yue et al.
194
oxygen anions and hydroxyl free radicals were observed and
compared with another two kinds of antioxidants (phytic acid
(PA), the natural antioxidant, and n-propyl gallate (PG), the syn-
thetic antioxidant). The free radical restraining activities of three
kinds of leaf extract were explored in this study for the purpose
of providing references for screening ecological healthy tree
species in urban afforestation.
Materials and methods
Materials
M. insignis, M. chingii and M. yuyuanensis were collected from
Jiangsu Forestry Academy of Science in May 2005. Phytic acid
(PA: myo-inositol hexaphosphate, IP6) was from Jiashan Jufeng
Chemical Plant. It was diluted by water, and the experimental
consistencies were 0.7% in experiment of restraining ultra oxy-
gen anions and 3.5% in experiment of restraining hydroxyl free
radicals. n-propyl gallate (PG), was from Sinopharm Reagent, It
was dissolved and diluted by ethanol, and the experimental con-
sistencies were 0.01mg⋅mL-1 in experiment of restraining ultra
oxygen anions and 0.05 mg⋅mL-1 in experiment of restraining
hydroxyl free radicals.
Preparation of extracts
Organic solvent extraction was employed with fresh leaves of
30g in weight being ground into powder after their air-drying
(Liu et al. 1999). Then the powder was placed in a Soxhlet ex-
tractor for dipping in ethanol circumfluence. The ethanol cir-
cumfluence liquid was collected for removing educts by way of
filtration, and after revolving evaporation, the light yellow ex-
tract from the filtrated liquid was obtained.
Analysis of components from extracts
GC/MS analysis was carried out on American Varian CP-3800;
ChromPack Capillary Columns CP-Sil 19CB30 m,
0.25mm/0.25µm, Varian Saturn 2000. The volume of the sample
injected was 0.6µl, the carrier gas He, drifting speed 0.8ml/min.
The starting temperature of the program was at 50°C for 2 min
and then the temperature was increased at the ratio of 3°C /min
until 150°C, after that continuously increased at the ratio of
7°C/min until 240°C, keeping for 2 min; the temperatures of
injection entrance and monitor were 230°C and 150°C, respec-
tively. Ionization method used was EI, and electron energy was
70eV. The scanning method was used for gathering data and its
range was 30–500amu. The total ion chromatograms were ana-
lyzed and compared with standard charts in computer. The per-
centage of the components was calculated through the method of
normalizing GC peaks area.
Determination of restraining ultra oxygen anions of extracts in
vitro
Determination of restraining ultra oxygen anions of extracts in
vitro was carried out according to Nanjing Jiancheng Biological
Engineering Institute Reagent kit.
The xanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction system were used
to simulate the internal conditions of human body, which may
produce ultra oxygen anion free radicals (O2-.). With the addition
of the electron transduction substances and gress chromogenic
reagent, the reaction system appeared purplish red and its ab-
sorbance can be detected with the use of visible spectropho-
tometer. With Vc being taken as the standard and distilled water
as control, the effect of samples on O2-. can be calculated. All the
three extracts were set in the reaction system with dilution at 20,
50 and 100 times, respectively, and repeated for five times. In the
reaction system, one activity unit was defined as the variation
value of the inhibited ultra oxygen anion free radicals per liter of
sample for the duration of 40 min at the temperature of 37°C
being equivalent to the ultra oxygen anion free radicals inhibited
by VC of 1 mg. The calculation formula was as follows:
One activity unit (U/L)=(ODcontrol-OD determing)/(ODcontrol
–ODstandard)×standard consistency (0.15mg/ml)×1000ml×diluted
times before sample detected.
Determination of restraining hydroxyl free radicals in vitro
The method was carried out according to Nanjing Jiancheng
Biological Engineering Institute Reagent kit.
In the Fenton reaction, the amount of H2O2 produced is di-
rectly proportionate to that of hydroxyl (.OH). With the addition
of electron receptor, the reaction system can produce a kind of
red substance with the use of gress reagent for color indication.
The color indication is also directly proportionate to the amount
of the produced .OH. Its activity can be detected by colorimetry.
The extracts with the same multiplication of dilution as men-
tioned above were placed in the reaction system with distilled
water being taken as control. One activity unit was defined as the
decrease of H2O2 concentration by 1 mmol/L per liter of sample
for the detection duration of 1 min at the temperature of 37°C.
The calculation formula was as follows:
One activity unit(U/ml)=(ODcontrol － ODdeterming)/(ODstandard－
ODblank)×consistency standard(8.824mmol/L)×1ml/sampling
volume×diluted times before sample detected
Statistics analysis
F-test was adopted as analysis of variance.
Results and discussion
The total ion chromatogram of three extracts
The total ion chromatogram of three extracts was shown as Fig. 1.
After obtaining total ion chromatogram of extracts from leaves in
three Manglietia species, the chemical components were identi-
fied. The percentages of components were calculated through the
method of normalizing GC peaks area
The contents of each component in three extracts
The contents of each component in three extracts were shown in
Table 1.
The components of extracts from the leaves of three Manglie-
tia species were partial similar as shown in Table. 2. Of which,
21 compounds in M. insignis, 36 compounds in M. chigii and 20
compounds in M. yuyuanensis were identified. There were 11
common components extracted from the leaves of three Mangli-
tia species, and 12 common components in two Manglitia spe-
cies.
The relative contents of each component in three extracts were
that the main constituents of M. insignis were terpenoids and
Journal of Forestry Research, 18(3): 193−198 (2007)
195
alkene and alkane, amounting to 38.93% and 28.18%, respec-
tively; another two kinds of containing compounds nitrogen and
aromatic amounted to 15.73% and 7.23%, respectively. The main
constituents of the leaf extract from M. chingii were the terpe-
noids and alkene, amounting to 30.22%, followed by carboxylic
acid, alkane and aromatic compounds, amounting to 14.17%,
13.87%, and 13.29%, respectively. The main constituents of the
leaf extract from M. yuyuanensis were alcohol compounds and
terpenoids and alkene, amounting to 28.00% and 25.38%, re-
spectively, followed by aromatic compounds, amounting to
18.00%. It was reported that the phenol compounds in plants
appeared the function of antioxidation. Among aromatic com-
pounds in three Manglitia species, the phenol compounds had a
certain proportion such as M. insignis 0.72%, M. chigii 5.64%
and M. yayuanensis 1.02%. It was inferred from the above re-
sults that these phenol compounds played an important role in
antioxidation of the plant body.
Fig1. The total ion chromatogram of chemical constituents of extracts from the leaves in M. insignis, M. chingii and M. yuyuanensis
Table 1. Chemical constituents of extract from M. insignis, M. chingii and M. yuyuanensis leaves
No. Retention
time/min
Compounds Molecular
formula
M.W.
Relative
contents(%)
M. insignis
1 3.037 2-Propanol,1-methoxy- C4H10O2 90 1.492
2 3.089 2,4,5,6,12,14,Acetic acid, methoxy- C3H6O3 90 5.906
3 4.033 Ethane,1,1-diethoxy- C6H14O2 118 0.232
4 4.584 Benzenemethanou, 3-hydroxy- C7H8O 108 0.282
5 4.738 2,5-Norbormadiene C7H8 92 4.171
6 5.085 Homoserine C4H9NO3 119 15.773
7 6.164 4-Methylenecyclopentene C6H8 80 29.977
8 6.660 1,3-cyclopen tadiene,5-(1-methylethylidene) C8H10 106 2.807
9 6.868 P-Xylene C8H10 106 1.552
10 7.358 O-Xylene C8H10 106 1.157
11 7.928 Cyclopentane,1,3-bis(methylene) C9H14O 138 0.759
12 9.539 Decane C10H22 142 27.453
13 15.077 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one-3,5,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- C19H18O6 342 1.461
14 18.568 Dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl C15H32 212 0.195
15 18.749 Phenol,2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)- C15H24O 220 0.464
16 19.600 Nerolido l C15H26O 222 0.256
17 20.146 Santolina C10H16 136 0.790
18 20.983 1-Decanol,2-hexyl- C15H24 204 0.170
19 21.506 Hexadecane C16H34 226 0.381
20 22.072 Nonadecane C19H4O 268 0.149
21 23.783 Phenol,2-methyl-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) C15H24O 222 0.259
M. chingii
1 3.037 2-Propanol,1-methoxy- C4H10O2 90 2.544
2 3.073 2,4,5,6,12,14,Acetic acid, methoxy- C3H6O3 90 7.440
3 3.152 2,3-Butanediol C4H10O2 90 5.713
4 3.245 (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid C3H6O3 90 6.241
M. chingii M. insihnis M. yuyuanensis
HE Kai-yue et al.
196
Continued Table 1
No. Retention
time/min
Compounds Molecular
formula
M.W.
Relative
contents(%)
5 3.401 Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,ethyl ester(S) C5H10O3 118 1.941
6 3.495 Propane,1-(1-ethoxyethoxy) C7H16O2 132 0.488
7 3.557 2,4-Pentandiol C5H12O2 104 0.176
8 3.774 Ether, seo-butyl isopropyl C7H16O 116 0.550
9 4.036 Ethane,1,1-diethoxy- C6H14O2 118 0.729
10 4.248 Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,ethyl ester C5H10O3 118 0.416
11 4.575 Benzenemethanol,3-hydroxy- C7H8O2 124 0.600
12 4.733 Toluene C7H8 92 1.889
13 5.101 L-Alanine,ethyl ester C5H11NO2 117 11.463
14 6.016 4-Methylenecyclopentene C2H6O4S 126 26.223
15 6.648 1,3-Cyclopentadiene,5-(1-methylethycidene) C8H10 106 1.303
16 6.852 P-xylene C8H10 106 0.674
17 7.349 O-Xylene C8H10 106 0.501
18 7.947 Bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-2-ene,2,3-dimethyl- C9H14 122 0.387
19 9.532 Decane C10H22 142 12.715
20 15.088 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy- C19H18O2 342 3.400
21 17.441 Longifolene C15H24 204 0.202
22 18.569 Dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl- C15H32 212 0.416
23 19.747 Phenol,2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)- C15H24O 220 0.421
24 19.486 Phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl- C16H26O 234 19.487
25 19.600 Nerolidol 1 C15H26O 222 0.385
26 20.068 Phenol,2-methyl-4-(1,1,2,3-tetramethylbytyl)- C15H24O 220 4.909
27 20.146 Santolina triene C10H16 136 1.540
28 20.734 2-Hexyl-1-octansl C14H30O 214 0.276
29 20.981 1-Decanol,2-hexyl- C16H34O 242 0.301
30 21.175 1H-3a,5-Methanoazulene,oxtahydro-1,9,9-trimethyl-4-methylene-,(1,alpha,3a,al) C15H24 204 0.063
31 21.271 1,4-Methanoazulen-9-ol,decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-,[IR-(1,alpha)]- C15H26O 222 0.113
32 21.413 1-Dodecanol,3,11-trimethyl- C15H32O 228 0.096
33 21.509 Hexadecane C16H34 226 0.867
34 22.344 Dodecanoic,acid2-(acethloxy)-1-[(acethloxy)methyl]ethyl ester C19H34O6 358 0.492
35 22.859 Eicosane C20H42 282 0.139
36 28.122 Trans-6-carboxy-2-(p-methoxystyryl)chromone C19H14O5 322 0.630
M. yuyuanensis
1 3.039 5,2-Propanol,1-methoxy- C4H10O2 90 22.755
2 3.278 2,3-Pufanediol C4H10O2 90 3.599
3 3.388 Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,methyl ester C4H8O3 104 0.551
4 3.720 1,2-Propanediol diformate C5H8O4 132 0.695
5 4.034 Ethane,1,1-diethoxy C6H14O2 118 1.049
6 4.226 Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,ethyl ester C5H10O3 118 0.617
7 4.572 2-Propanol,1,-oxybis- C6H14O3 134 0.849
8 4.730 Toluene C7H8 92 1.649
9 5.112 L-Alanine,ethyl ester C5H11NO2 117 10.290
10 6.184 4-Methylenecyclopentene C2H6O4S 126 24.356
11 6.647 1,3-Cyclopentadiene,5-(1-methylethylidene)- C8H10 106 1.010
12 6.849 P-xylene C8H10 106 0.509
13 7.347 O-xylene, C8H10 106 0.427
14 9.531 Decane C10H22 142 9.192
15 15.077 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one-3,5,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- C19H18O6 342 4.954
16 18.566 Dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl- C15H32 212 0.664
17 18.746 Phenol,2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)- C15H24O 220 0.524
18 19.488 Phenol,2,60bis(1,1-dinethylethyl)-4-ethyl- C16H24O 234 0.480
19 21.510 1-Decanol,2-hexyl- C16H34O 242 0.800
20 28.124 Trans-6-Carboxy-2-(p-methoxystyryl)chromone C19H14O5 322 1.015
Journal of Forestry Research, 18(3): 193−198 (2007)
197
Table 2. The similar constituents and their contents in three Manglitia species
No. Compounds M .insignis M. chingii M. yuyuanensis
1 2-Propanol,1-methoxy- 1.429 2.544 22.755
2 2,4,5,6,12,14,Acetic acid,methoxy- 5.906 7.440
3 2,3-Butanediol 5.713 3.599
4 Ethane,1,1-diethoxy- 0.232 0.729 1.049
5 Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,ethyl ester 0.416 0.617
6 Benzenemethanou, 3-hydroxy- 0.282 0.600
7 Toluene 1.889 1.649
8 L-Alanine,ethyl ester 11.463 10.290
9 4-Methylenecyclopentene 29.977 26.223 24.365
10 1,3-cyclopen tadiene,5-(1-methylethylidene) 2.087 1.303 1.010
11 P-Xylene 1.552 0.647 0.509
12 O- Xylene 1.157 0.501 0.427
13 Decane 27.453 12.715 9.192
14 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one-3,5,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1.461 3.400 4.954
15 Dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl 0.195 0.416 0.664
16 Phenol,2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)- 0.464 0.421 0.524
17 Phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl- 0.311 0.480
18 Nerolido l 0.256 0.385
19 Santolina 0.790 1.540
20 1-Decanol,2-hexyl- 0.170 0.301 0.800
21 Hexadecane 0.381 0.867
22 Phenol,2-methyl-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl 0.259 4.909
23 Trans-6-carboxy-2-(p-methoxystyryl)chromone 0.630 1.015
The activities of restraining oxidation from three extracts, PA and
PG
The activities of restraining oxidation from three extracts, PA and
PG were shown as Table 3, 4 and 5.
Table 3. Activities of restraining ultra oxygen anions (×103U/L)
Diluted times Samples
×20 ×50 ×100
Control 0.0150±0.1030 0.0150±0.1030 0.0150±0.1030
M .insignis 6.9182±1.0050** 15.9567±1.1276** 24.7387±2.5486**
M .chingii 7.7030±0.3774** 6.6786±1.2425** 7.9310±2.1365**
M .yuyuanen
sis
4.2491±0.2771** 8.0277±1.8322** 12.4765±1.3931**
“*” means remarkable difference; “**” means very remarkable difference.
F0.01=21.1977; F0.05=7.7086
Table 4. Activities of restraining hydroxyl free radicals (×102U/L)
Diluted times Samples
×20 ×50 ×100
Control 0.441±0.157 0.441±0.157 0.441±0.157
M .insignis 3.665±0.791** 3.523±0.347** 1.740±0.501*
M. chingii 5.163±0.105** 4.923±4.874** 0.770±0.1909
M. yuyuanensis 3.424±0.507** 0.564±0.1461 0.158±0.1461
Table 5. Free radicals restraining activities for PA and PG (×102U/L)
Sampls Activities of restraining
oxygen anions
Activities of restraining
hydroxyl free radicals
Control 0.0150±0.1030 0.4412±0.1567
PA 0.5887±1.1236 4.3460±0.1342
PG 5.9380±1.5420 4.4710±0.2574
The results of F-test showed that the activities of restraining
oxygen free radicals from three Manglitia species appeared re-
markable discrepancy as compared with the control. The re-
searches indicated that when three extracts were diluted by hun-
dred-fold, the activities of restraining ultra oxygen anions
reached maximum. The activity order of restraining ultra oxygen
anions from high to low was M. insignis, M. yuyuanensis, M.
chingii, PG and PA. When three extracts were diluted by
twenty-fold, the activities of restraining hydroxyl free radicals
reached maximum. The activity order from high to low among
them was M. chingii, PG, PA, M. insignis and M. yuyuanensis.
Free radicals are intermediate products produced from bio-
chemical reactions of organism, including the oxygen free radi-
cals and the free radicals arising from metabolism of foreign
matters such as medicines in human body. In spite of their bene-
fits to body sometimes, they may still become pathogenic in case
of the existence of excessive oxygen free radicals, for instance,
damage of blood vessels. In addition, they are closely related to
senility of human body (Guo et al. 2006). Under the normal con-
ditions, there is a dynamic balance between the generation and
elimination of free radicals. If the surplus free radicals cannot be
eliminated in a timely way, they may do harm to human body in
terms of molecular, cellular and organic levels and accelerate
senility of human body. It is known that as an inorganic free
radical, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are very reactive, and
have considerable destructiveness. As a kind of ROS, the ultra
oxygen anion (O2.-) in cells not only causes DNA injure, but also
inactivates catalase, glutathione peroxides and creatine kinases.
Its cytotoxity rests with the production of H2O2 and hydroxyl
free radical (.OH) by way of derivation. .OH, an oxidant is well
known for the strongest activity. It reacts with organic or inor-
ganic substances, almost including all cell components, and leads
to lipid peroxidization or produces lipid peroxide, finally causing
the greatest hazard to human body. In this experiment, two anti-
oxidants were selected. As a kind of six phosphonolipids of
HE Kai-yue et al.
198
inositol, phytic acid is hexa-organic phosphat of inositol and
exists in most types of cereals, nuts and bean family plants (Ahn
et al. 2004). It is a chelator and a good natural antioxidant with
the property of antioxidation, mainly resulting from its high ac-
tion of iron ions chelation. As for n-propyl gallate (Xu et al.
2006), it is a kind of synthetic phenol compounds. Previous ani-
mal experiments identified that phenol compounds possessed the
function of antioxidization. The main mechanism was that con-
jugate ring and hydroxyl group contained eliminated oxygen free
radicals, while the carboxyl of PG inhibited lipid peroxidation by
mediating metal ions. Moreover, phenol compounds can also
inhibit the activities of lipid oxidase and epoxidase. At present, it
has been found that some plant extracts provided with the func-
tion of antioxidation (Rodriguez-Meizoso et al. 2006; Hanson et
al. 2006; Jayaprakasha et al. 2006). Of which, a great deal of
them have been verified as fairly good natural antioxidants by
way of animal experiments, thus becoming the natural resources
of pharmaceutical researches and foodstuff industry. Results
suggested that the three extracts exhibited relatively strong func-
tion as restraining O2-. and .OH in vitro as compared with PA and
PG,. Therefore, the study has opened up a broad prospect for
applying the three Manglitia species .It can be inferred from the
conclusion that the three plant species may provide natural re-
sources as ecological healthy trees for constructing urban forest
modes.
Conclusion
The extracts from three Manglitia species leaves were analyzed.
Results showed that 21 compounds in M. insignis, 36 compounds
in M. chigii and 20 compounds in M. yuyuanensis were identified.
There were 11 common components in three extracts from Man-
glietia species, and 12 components in two Manglietia species.
The results of relative contents of every component in three ex-
tracts showed that the main constituents of M. insignis were ter-
penoids and alkene, amounting to 38.93%, followed by alkane
(28.18%), nitrogen compounds(15.73%) and aromatic com-
pounds (7.23 %). The main constituents of leaf extract from M.
chingii were the terpenoids and alkene, amounting to 30.22%,
followed by carboxylic acid, alkane, and aromatic compounds,
amounting to 14.17%, 13.87% and 13.29%, respectively. The
main constituents of leaf extract from M. yuyuanensis were al-
cohol compounds, amounting to 28.00%, the terpenoids and
alkene, 25.38% and aromatic compounds, 18.00%. The results
showed that the activity of ultra oxygen anions was restrained at
the highest level, when the three extracts were diluted by hun-
dred-fold, whereas the restraining capacity of hydroxyl free
radicals reached maximum, when the three extracts were diluted
by twenty-fold.
Acknowledgements
We thank for Mr. Liao Xue-wei and Mr. Zhang Jie in Nanjing
Normal University for their valuable technical assistance with
GC/MS.
References
Ahn, H.J., Kim, J.H., Jo, C., et al. 2004. Comparison of irradiated phytic acid
and other antioxidants for antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 88:
173–178.
Chyau, Charng-Cherng, Ko, P.T., Mau, J.L. 2006. Antioxidant properties of
aqueous extracts from Terminalia catappa leaves. Food Science and Tech-
nology, 39(10): 1099–1108.
Guo Zhanyong, Liu Hongying, Chen Xiaolin, et al. 2006. Hydroxyl radicals
scavenging activity of N-substituted chitosan and quaternized chitosan.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16:6348–6350.
He kaiyue, Li Xiaochu, Zhang Shuanquan, et al. 2006. Study on volatile oil
components and anti-oxygen free radical activity in Michelia maudiae and
M. platypetala leaves. World Forestry Research, 19(sup.1): 108–113. (in
Chinese)
He kaiyue, Li Xiaochu, Zhang shuanquan, et al. 2007. Study on volatile oil
components and activities of restraining and eliminating super oxygen an-
ion in Tesoongiodendron odorum. Forest Research, 20(1): 58–62. (in Chi-
nese)
He Kaiyue, Li Xiaochu, Huang Libin, et al. 2004. Effects of drought stress on
physiological and biochemical indices in five tree species of Magnoliaceae.
Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 13(4): 20–23. (in Chinese)
He kaiyue, Zhang Shuanquan, Li Xiaochu, et al. 2006. Study on volatile oil
components and total anti-oxidation capacity and simulated SOD activity of
leaves from M. chapensis and M. fovelata. Chinese Forestry Science and
Technology, (3): 36–43. (in Chinese)
Hanson, P, M., Yang, R.Y., Samson, C.S. et al. 2006. Diversity in eggplant
(Solanum melongena) for superoxide scavenging activity, total phenolics,
and ascorbic acid. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19: 594–600.
Jayaprakasha, G.K., Negi, P.S., Jena, B.S. 2006. Antioxidative and an-
timutagenic activities of the extracts from the rinds of Garcinia peduncu-
lata. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 7: 246–250.
Lebeau, J., Furman, C., Bernier, J.L., et al. 2000. Antioxidant properties of
di-tert-butylhydroxylated flavonoids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine,
29(9): 900–912.
Liu Yuequan, Li Guisheng. 1999. Experimental chemistry. Beijing: Higher
Education Press: 48–84. (in Chinese)
Rodriguez-Meizoso, I., Marin, F.R., Herrero, M., et al. 2006. Subcritical water
extraction of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity from oregano. chemi-
cal and functional characterization. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio-
medical Analysis, 41:1560–1565.
Sun Ting, Ho Chitang. 2005. Antioxidant activities of buckwheat extracts.
Food Chemistry, 9(14): 743–749.
Xu Yan, Pang Guangren, Lv Xuefang, et al. 2006. The effect of propyl gallate
on the activity of various antifungal drugs against flamentous fungi in vitro.
Chin J Ophthalmol, 42(4): 309–312. (in Chinese)
Zhong Ruimin, Zhang Zhenming, Xiao Zijun, et al. 2006. Chemical composi-
tion and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of five Magnoliacea spe-
cies from south China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 28(2): 208–214.
Chinese Abstracts 2
07-03-004
生态环境脆弱性灰色模糊评估模型/石青，陆兆华，刘志梅(中
国矿业大学(北京)恢复生态学研究所， 北京 100083)，杨爱
荣 (水利部牧区水科所，呼和浩特 010010) //Journal of
Foresetry Research.-2007, 18(3): 187−192.
本文综述了生态环境脆弱性的基本内涵及其评估指标体
系，依据灰色理论和模糊数学，提出了一种新的从定性到定
量转换的综合评价方法，即灰色模糊评估法。它是由 AHP、
灰色关联分析、灰色统计法、模糊评判综合集成而成的。文
中介绍了它的原理，给出它的构成方法；并用实例证明了它
的有效性和可靠性。图 1参 9。
关键词：生态环境脆弱性; 灰色理论; 模糊数学; 综合评价
CLC number: S757.24 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0187-06
07-03-005
三种木莲叶片提取物成分及其抑制氧自由基活性研究/何开
跃（南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院，南京 210037）， 张
双全（南京师范大学生命科学学院， 南京 210097）， 李晓
储（江苏省林业科学院， 南京 211153）， 樊亚苏（南京林
业大学森林资源与环境学院，南京 210037）， 金晓燕（南京
师范大学生命科学学院， 南京 210097）//Journal of Forestry
Research.-2007, 18(3): 193−198.
用有机溶剂萃取法从三种木莲叶片中分离获得的提取
物，经 GC/MS进行成分分析和定量测定。再进行抗氧自由基
活性测定。从红花木莲(Manglietia insignis (Wall) Blume)、桂
南木莲(Manglietia chingii Dandy)和乳源木莲(Manglietia yu-
yuanensis Law)中分别鉴定出 21、36和 20种化合物，其中 11
种成分为三种木莲所共有，12种成分为两种木莲所共有。各
成分的相对含量为红花木莲：萜烯类化物 38.93%，烷烃类
28.18%，含氮化合物 15.73%，芳香族化合物 7.23%。桂南木
莲：萜烯类 30.22%，酸类 14.17%，烷烃类 13.87%，芳香族
化合物 13.29%; 乳源木莲：醇类 28.00%，萜烯类 25.38%，
芳香族化合物 18.00%. 研究结果还表明，三种木莲的提取物
均有较强的抑制氧自由基的功能。在稀释 100 倍时，抑制超
氧阴离子活力最强，稀释 20倍时，抑制羟自由基活力达最大。
本研究结果为进一步探索三种木莲的保健功能提供科学依
据。图 1表 5参 15。
关键词：木莲； 提取物； 化学成分；抑制氧自由基活性
CLC number: Q946.6 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0193-06
07-03-006
落叶松干燥过程水分扩散性的研究—Crank方法与Dincer方
法的使用/战剑锋，顾继友，蔡英春（东北林业大学 材料科
学与工程学院， 哈尔滨 150040）//Journal of Forestry Re-
search.-2007, 18(3): 199−202.
采用两种改进的多孔固体材料水分扩散偏微分方程分析
求解方法，即 Dincer方法与 Crank方法，分析并计算落叶松
干燥过程的水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)。使用扩散型
微分方程对落叶松干燥过程进行数学模拟，木材试件被理想
化为无限大平板状材料，假定木材内部水分的扩散过程是一
维的。实验测定了不同干燥介质条件下木材干燥动力曲线。
基于取得的实验数据，通过 Dincer方法计算了木材水分扩散
系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)；使用传统的 Crank方法分析计算
了木材动态水分扩散系数(D)。研究表明，使用 Dincer方法计
算的木材水分扩散系数(D)均大于相应实验条件下Crank方法
计算数值，接近 1 个数量级。这种结论应该是由于两种分析
求解方法间的差异以及水分扩散与热量传递数学求解间的差
异。因此相关的水分扩散微分方程的分析求解方法有待改进。
随干燥介质温度的升高，木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系
数 k均显著增大，可以采用 Arrhenius方程与木材结合水传递
理论来分析解释实验条件下的扩散系数(D)与干燥介质温度
(T)间的变化趋势。图 2表 3参 6。
关键词：落叶松板材；木材干燥；水分扩散系数；水分传递
系数；数学模型
CLC number: S781.71 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0199-04
07-03-007
MA-SEBS对木纤维/聚丙烯复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响/郭
垂根，王清文(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重
点实验室，哈尔滨 150040)//Journal of Forestry Research.-2007,
18(3): 203−207.
马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯（MA-SEBS）用
作聚丙烯/木纤维复合体系的界面相容剂及冲击改性剂，来提
高其界面粘接及冲击强度。研究了 MA-SEBS 含量对 PP/WF
复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响，当MA-SEBS含量达到 8%时，
冲击性能达到了最大值，进一步增加到 10%并未提高其断裂
韧性，但动态热机械分析（DMA）表明复合材料刚性的提高，
这归因于 PP/WF 界面的改善，当 MA-SEBS 超过 8%，聚丙
烯与木纤维分子间的相互作用增强。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）
分析了样品的断裂表面，表明木纤维与聚丙烯表面强烈的界
面粘结。图 5表 1参 11。
关键词： 聚丙烯；木纤维/聚丙烯复合材料；断裂行为；冲
击测试
CLC number: S785 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0203-05
07-03-008
日本花柏心材外缘二氯甲烷提取物组分分析/牛晶(东北林业
大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨
150040)，刘志明(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部
重点实验室，哈尔滨150040)，王向明(加拿大国家林产工业技
术研究院， 魁北克G1P 4R4)，徐有明(华中农业大学，武汉
430070)，王清文(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部
重点实验室，哈尔滨 150040) //Journal of Forestry Re-
search.-2007, 18(3): 208−212.
国标方法分析了日本花柏心材外缘的基本化学组成，并
利用气质联用仪对其心材外缘的二氯甲烷提取物化学组分进
行了分析，根据计算机数据库鉴定出14种化合物。二氯甲烷
提取物中主要化学组分是萜烯类和萘衍生物。在14种化合物
中，含量最高的组分是7-甲基- 4-亚甲基- 1- (1-异丙基) - (1. α，
4a. α， 8a. α)- 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-八氢化萘 (35.235 % )。用