全 文 ：　　　
设备上纺纱 ,然后织成各种织物 。采用接枝改性亚
麻纤维纺纱织造的特点是 ,由于将力学性能极好的
合成纤维高分子单体化合物“嫁接”到亚麻纤维的分
子链上 ,从而改变了亚麻纤维高分子化合物结构 ,使
之成为具有天然纤维与合成纤维性能兼备的新型纺
织纤维。采用高分子接枝亚麻纱织成的织物既保持
了亚麻纤维织物的良好的吸放湿性及服用舒适性 ,
又改善了纯亚麻织物的易皱 、成品定型性差等缺点 ,
织物易洗 、易干 、长期洗涤不变形 ,还具有手感柔软 、
穿着凉爽舒适等优点 。
2.3　亚麻纤维的化学成分与接枝效果的关系
2.3.1　木质素与纤维接枝效果的关系　亚麻纤维
中的木质素含量在 3.7%～ 10%之间 ,木质素对亚
麻纤维接枝有十分不利的影响 。通过对未经煮练脱
胶的亚麻粗纱进行接枝试验中发现纤维偏短 、脆硬 、
分裂度很低 、粗糙根本无法纺纱 。因此在亚麻纤维
接枝前应尽量清除木质素成分 。
2.3.2　果胶与接枝效果的关系　果胶是多糖类碳
水化合物 ,在亚麻纤维中的含量约占3.7%～ 5.3%。
果胶对亚麻纤维接枝没有影响 ,但对成纱的强度有
很大的影响。果胶是将单纤维“粘接”成纺纱所必须
的束纤维的胶质 ,在接枝及后处理等工艺中对果胶
有软化作用从而降低了束纤维的强度 。
2.3.3　纤维素与接枝效果的关系　纤维素是亚麻
纤维的基本组成 , 约占纤维化学成分的 70%～
80%。前面所述 ,经试验证明 ,接枝后亚麻单纤维强
度仍能保持在 92%以上 ,说明接枝共聚反应液及后
处理助剂等对纤维素的影响并不大。
2.3.4　其它杂质 　其它杂质是指亚麻纤维中的半
纤维素 、灰分 、脂肪蜡质等物质。由于这些杂质在粗
纱接枝前的煮练工艺中基本上被清除 ,故对纤维的
接枝效果基本无影响。
3　结　语
经接枝共聚得到的接枝亚麻 ,其物理性能得到
很大的改善。织物有良好的吸湿性和服用性 ,弹性
高 ,柔韧性增加 ,本研究所设计的接枝共聚工业性试
验工艺是合理的 ,可作为工业化生产工艺设计的重
要依据 。
参 考 文 献
1 　严　伟等.接枝亚麻纤维的工业性试验(一).纺织学报 , 2003
(1):43～ 45.
2 　徐宏伟等.接枝亚麻纤维的工业性试验(二).纺织学报 , 2003
(2):38～ 39.
第 25 卷第 3期
2004 年 6月
纺　织　学　报
Journal of Textile Research
Vol.25 , No.3
Jun., 2004
棕叶纤维的开发研究初探
刘晓霞
(上海工程技术大学 ,上海 , 200051)　王振永　徐卫林(武汉科技学院)
摘　要:探讨棕叶纤维脱胶方法和工艺以及其物理性能 ,分析了化学成分。结果表明 ,棕叶纤维具有良好的物理机械性能 ,具有进
一步研究开发价值。
关键词:棕叶纤维　脱胶　物理性能　化学组成
中图分类号:TS102.22.2　　　文献标识码:A　　　文章编号:0253-9721(2004)03-0074-02
1　棕叶纤维的分离及脱胶
对于棕叶纤维的理化性能研究 ,国内外尚未见
相关报道。棕叶纤维的初步制取 ,采用直接脱胶不
能将纤维与棕叶分开 ,采用罗拉挤压法才能将纤维
分离出来。经过罗拉挤压后 ,棕叶表面的一些叶绿
素 、油脂 、脂蜡质 、灰分等物质被挤压掉 ,使棕叶纤维
相互间的粘合力在一定程度上减少或消失 ,从而初
步分离成纤维状。然后用碱液对纤维进行处理 ,使
纤维表面的胶质进一步脱掉。挤压后发现棕叶分离
成束纤维状 ,表面附有许多残渣。考虑到碱液浓度 、
温度和处理时间对结果有很大影响 ,选择了不同的
浓度 、温度和处理时间共 8个方案进行实验 ,工艺参
数见表 1。由于纤维粗制品手感比较粗糙 ,实验中
　　　　 表 1　碱处理工艺参数
方案 碱液浓度(g L)
处理时间
(min)
温度
(℃)
水浴时间
(min) 浴比 其它处理
1# 100 60 100 15
2# 100 30 100 15
3# 160 60 100 15
4# 160 30 100 15
1∶20
4#、7 #
用柔软剂
处理5# 100 30 100 20
6# 80 30 100 15
7# 50 30 100 20
8# 20 30 100
DOI :10.13475/j.fzxb.2004.03.030
还对 2个脱胶后的试样用季铵碱进行了浸泡。碱处
理过程如下:棕叶※罗拉挤压※抖松※碱浴※脱碱
※水洗※自然晒干。
2　测试与分析
2.1　测　试
取脱胶后的纤维数根进行切片 ,通过显微镜观
察发现棕叶纤维的横截面近似呈圆形 ,中心有较小
孔腔 ,呈束纤维状。
用显微镜观测法测试脱胶后纤维的细度与长
度。用 Instron 5566单纱强力仪测试断裂伸长 、断裂
强力和初始模量 。参照了苎麻的国家标准“苎麻化
学成分定量分析方法”(GB5889-86)对棕叶纤维进行
化学分析。实验测得纤维素 、半纤维素 、木质素 、果
胶 、水溶物及脂蜡质含量 。
2.2　数据处理与分析
运用数理统计中的最优总体选择对各组数据进
行分析 ,采用的是秩和检验法 ,对离散型变量求得
秩和。
对棕叶纤维的长度 、线密度 、断裂强度 、断裂伸
长 、初始模量进行分析得出:方案 3#与 8#效果较
好 ,在 2 个方案中再进行比较 ,方案 8#为最佳方
案 ,即碱液浓度为 20 g L ,碱煮时间 30 min ,浴比 1∶
20。
3　结果与讨论
棕叶纤维的长度 、线密度 、断裂强度 、断裂伸长
及初始模量平均值与剑麻纤维和香蕉叶纤维进行统
一换算(经计算棕叶纤维的密度为 1.55 g cm3)并比
较 ,其数据见表 2。
表 2　棕叶纤维 、剑麻纤维和菠萝叶纤维的各项物理指标对比
品种 长度(mm)
线密度
(tex)
断裂强度
(N tex)
断裂伸长率
(%)
初始模量
(kg mm2)
剑麻纤维[1] 100～ 300 16.8 0.572～ 0.73 3.02～ 3.04 45.64～ 55.98
菠萝叶纤维[2] 100～ 900 3.0～ 4.3 0.23～ 0.36 3.4 9.99
棕叶纤维 120～ 210 1.29～ 2.88 0.583～ 0.806 12.5～ 18.75 8.9～ 14.52
　　由表 2可见 ,棕叶纤维的长度较长 ,细度远小于
剑麻纤维和菠萝叶纤维;强度明显大于菠萝叶纤维 ,
稍大于剑麻纤维;断裂伸长率较大 ,约是剑麻纤维和
菠萝叶纤维的 4 ～ 6倍;初始模量与菠萝叶纤维接
近。与其它 2种纤维比较起来 ,棕叶纤维是一种更
优良的纺织纤维 。
棕叶纤维的线密度及长度离散性很大 ,主要原
因可能是棕叶纤维在经过脱胶后分离为束纤维 ,而
每束纤维所包含的单纤根数有很大的差异 ,且在同
一束纤维的不同段上由于分离不能彻底 ,所包含单
纤根数不尽相同 ,所以纤维的细度及长度差异较大 。
剑麻纤维是已开发利用多年的叶纤维 ,剑麻纤
维和棕叶纤维的化学成分比较见表 3。
表 3　棕叶纤维和剑麻纤维的化学成分比较 %
纤维素 半纤维素 木质素 果胶 水溶物 脂蜡质
剑麻 44.86 14.38 32.16 3.02 5.38 0.21
棕叶 36.85 20.2 15.15 3.20 10.20 14.40
　　从表 3发现 ,棕叶纤维中 ,脂蜡质的含量远远大
于剑麻纤维 。原因有两方面:一方面棕叶纤维本身
油脂含量很高。另一方面棕叶纤维在经过罗拉挤压
后 ,虽然经手揉搓 ,但不能完全去除其表面的杂质 ,
所以在经过苯乙醇沸煮后就都计算在脂蜡质中 ,使
脂蜡质含量大大上升。
4　结　论
1.棕叶纤维在脱胶前需用罗拉对棕叶进行挤
压初加工 。脱胶工艺流程为:理顺棕叶※罗拉挤压
※揉搓※碱煮※脱碱※水洗※自然晾干。
2.棕叶纤维长度较长 ,细度远远较剑麻细 ,强
度比菠萝叶纤维及剑麻纤维稍大 ,断裂伸长率较大
约是剑麻纤维的 3 ～ 4倍。从物理性能上分析 ,作为
纺织纤维 ,棕叶纤维优于菠萝叶纤维及剑麻纤维 。
3.脱胶后的纤维如不给油或进行柔软处理 ,手
感较硬 ,颜色呈浅棕色 。用柔软剂浸泡以后 ,纤维柔
软 ,有卷曲 ,伸长率增加 。
4.棕叶的纤维素含量为 36.85%,比剑麻稍低 ,
而脂蜡质的含量却远高于剑麻纤维。
5.棕叶来源广 ,纤维性能较好 ,值得进一步研
究开发 。
参 考 文 献
1 　姜繁昌等.剑麻可纺性研究.麻纺织技术 , 1997(2):3～ 8.
2 　郁崇文.凤梨麻纤维的的开发利用.麻纺织技术 , 1997(3):13 ～
15.
3 　姜繁昌等.剑麻纤维可纺性研究.麻纺织技术 , 1997(1):2～ 7.
752004年　第3期 纺织学报 【　】
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