生物结皮是铜尾矿废弃地自然原生演替的最初阶段.本研究以铜陵杨山冲铜尾矿库和铜官山新铜尾矿库为对象，采用熏蒸浸提和化学分析法研究了两尾矿库不同类型生物结皮下土壤微生物量C、N及脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性.结果表明：铜尾矿废弃地上的生物结皮能够显著提高表层尾矿中的微生物量和土壤酶活性，其中藻类结皮对土壤微生物量C、N的影响高于藓-藻混合结皮，藓类结皮的影响最小；随着土壤生物结皮类型的变化，土壤微生物区系也随之变化；各类生物结皮下表层尾矿中土壤酶活性无显著差异.相关分析表明，碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤微生物量、脱氢酶和脲酶活性呈显著正相关，但与土壤pH呈显著负相关.此外，藓类植物假根能够显著提高藓类结皮假根层的微生物量和酶活性.
Bio-crust is the initial stage of natural primary succession in copper mine tailings. With the Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan copper mine tailings in Tongling City of Anhui Province as test objects, this paper studied the soil microbial biomass C and N and the activities of dehydrogenase, catalase,
alkaline phosphatase, and urease under different types of bio-crust. The bio-c
rusts improved the soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the upper lay
er of the tailings markedly. Algal crust had the best effect in improving soil m
icrobial biomass C and N, followed by moss-algal crust, and moss crust. Soil mi
croflora also varied with the type of bio-crust. No significant difference was
observed in the soil enzyme activities under the three types of bio-crust. Soil
alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil
microbial biomass and dehydrogenase and urease activities, but negatively corre
lated with soil pH. In addition, moss rhizoid could markedly enhance the soil mi
crobial biomass and enzyme activities in moss crust rhizoid.