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作 者 ：薛萐^1，2;刘国彬¹;戴全厚^1，3;李小利¹;吴瑞俊¹

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2008年 19卷 03期 页码：517-523

关键词：黄土；

摘 要 ：采用时空互代法，以黄土丘陵区生态恢复过程中不同年限的人工柠条和沙棘林为研究对象，选取坡耕地和天然侧柏林为对照，分析了植被恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量、呼吸强度、代谢商(qCO₂)及土壤理化性质的演变特征.结果表明：生态恢复过程中人工柠条林土壤理化性质得到明显改善，微生物生物量随恢复年限的增加变化显著，柠条栽植7 a后微生物生物量碳较坡耕地显著增加，随后每5～7 a的变化均达到显著水平；微生物生物量氮和微生物生物量磷在前13 a无显著变化，20~30 a处于基本稳定期，较坡耕地显著增加，但明显低于天然侧柏林；呼吸强度随恢复年限的增加逐渐升高，20~25 a达到最大值，随后开始下降，30 a时达到最低值；qCO₂在恢复初期较坡耕地显著升高，随后迅速降低，30 a后回落至坡耕地之下，但仍显著高于天然侧柏林;不同灌木林对土壤质量的改善作用不同，恢复年限相同的沙棘林土壤微生物生物量、呼吸强度明显高于柠条林，但qCO₂无显著差异.相关性分析显示，微生物生物量碳、氮、磷、qCO₂与土壤养分和恢复年限显著相关.黄土丘陵区人工灌木林可通过生物的自肥作用恢复土壤肥力和增加微生物生物量，但要恢复到破坏前该地区顶级群落时的土壤微生物生物量和理化指标，必须加强林地管理，促进植物群落的拓殖与更替，且此过程相对于生态破坏过程要漫长的多.

Abstract:By the method of spatiotemporal substitution and taking a slope farmland and a natural Platycladus orientailis L. forest as the controls, this paper studied the dynamic changes of soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and physicochemical properties under the Caragana korshinkii and Hippophae rhamnoides plantations with different restoration age in loess hilly area. The results showed that with the increasing restoration age of the shrubs, soil physicochemical properties improved obviously, and soil microbial biomass had a significant increase. After 7 years restoration of C. korshinkii plantation, soil microbial biomass C increased apparently, compared with that in farmland, and the increments after each 5-7 years were all significant. Microbial biomass N and P had no significant increase in the first 13 years but kept relatively stable in the 20-30 years restoration of C. korshinkii plantation, and were significantly higher than those in farmland but lower than those under P. orientailis plantation after 30 years restoration of C. korshinkii plantation. Soil microbial respiration was enhanced with the increasing restoration age of the shrubs,with the peak in the 20-25 years restoration. After then,it decreased rapidly,and bottomed out in the 30 years restoration.qCO₂ was significantly higher underP. orientailis plantation than in farmland in the early periods of shrubs restoration, and then decreased rapidly. After 30 years restoration of C. korshinkiiplantation, qCO₂ was lower than that in farmland but still much higher than that under P. orientailis plantation. Different shrub plantations had different effects on soil properties. H. rhamnoides with the same restoration age of C. korshinkii contributed more to the increase of soil microbial biomass and respiration. There were significant correlations between the restoration age of test shrub plantations and the microbial biomass, qCO₂, and hysicochemical properties of soil. It was considered that vegetation restoration could be a feasible way in improving the eco-environment and soil quality in loess hilly area, but a longer period should be required to reach to the climax before vegetation destruction. It is necessary to strengthen and improve forest management to interfere and accelerate plant succession for a sustainable and healthy ecosystem.

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