酚酸是一类重要次生抗虫物质.为研究损伤及昆虫取食诱导对兴安落叶松针叶内酚酸含量的影响,采用3种不同程度剪叶或落叶松毛虫幼虫取食处理兴安落叶松幼树,以高效液相色谱技术测定兴安落叶松健康针叶中酚酸含量.结果表明:与对照相比,处理后1 d,剪叶或昆虫取食4枝50%针叶处理的兴安落叶松幼苗健康针叶中,除阿魏酸无显著差异外,苯甲酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸9种酚酸均差异显著;4枝75%针叶处理的10种酚酸含量均发生显著变化.说明剪叶及虫害50%、75%针叶处理均达到诱导阈值,能显著诱导兴安落叶松化学防御.在损伤程度相同情况下,处理1 d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食子酸的含量显著高于虫害诱导处理;5 d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导处理的这5种酚酸含量显著低于虫害诱导处理;10 d时,两种方法诱导的酚酸含量差异不显著.说明剪叶诱导处理的酚酸含量变化比昆虫取食处理迅速,且诱导强度与剪叶程度相关.采用适当处理诱导针叶中酚酸含量的变化来增强兴安落叶松对害虫的防御能力是可行的.
Phenolic acids are the important secondary metabolites associated with induced plant responses. Taking the Larix gmelinii seedlings with their needles on 4 selected branches being partially cut off or fed by Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae as test objects, this paper quantitatively determined the phenolic acid concentrations in the undamaged needles by using HPLC. One day after 50% of the needles on the branches were cut off or fed by D. superans larvae, the concentrations of benzoic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, phenylaetic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, sylicylic acid, and chlorogenic acid in undamaged needles had significant difference with the control; and one day after 75% of the needles were cut off or fed by D. superans larvae, the concentrations of the 9 phenolic acids and ferulic acid changed significantly. These results implied that cutting off or feeding with 50% or 75% of the needles could cause the concentrations of phenolic acids in needles reach the damage thresholds to induce chemical defense of larch seedlings. On the first day after treatment, the concentrations of caffeic acid, phenylaetic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid in needles induced by 50% and 75% of cutting were all significantly higher than those induced by larvae feeding; on the 5th day after treatment, the concentrations of these 5 phenolic acids induced by 50% and 75% of cutting were significantly lower than those induced by feeding; while on the 10th day after treatment, the concentrations of the 5 phenolic acids had no significant difference between cutting and feeding. It suggested that the quantitative changes of phenolic acids in larch needles induced by cutting were more rapidly than those induced by feeding, and the induced defense response intensity of phenolic acids was correlative with cutting degree. All of the results showed that it was possible to control the pest damage of L. gmelinii by using appropriate methods to induce the quantitative change of phenolic acids in needles.
全 文 :叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中 10 种酚酸的变化*
严善春1**摇 袁红娥1 摇 王摇 琪1 摇 王艳军2
( 1 东北林业大学林学院林木遗传育种与生物技术教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040; 2 内蒙古克什克腾旗林业局森防站,内
蒙古克什克腾旗 025350)
摘摇 要摇 酚酸是一类重要次生抗虫物质.为研究损伤及昆虫取食诱导对兴安落叶松针叶内酚
酸含量的影响,采用 3 种不同程度剪叶或落叶松毛虫幼虫取食处理兴安落叶松幼树,以高效
液相色谱技术测定兴安落叶松健康针叶中酚酸含量.结果表明:与对照相比,处理后 1 d,剪叶
或昆虫取食 4 枝 50%针叶处理的兴安落叶松幼苗健康针叶中,除阿魏酸无显著差异外,苯甲
酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸 9 种酚酸均差异显
著;4 枝 75%针叶处理的 10 种酚酸含量均发生显著变化.说明剪叶及虫害 50% 、75%针叶处
理均达到诱导阈值,能显著诱导兴安落叶松化学防御.在损伤程度相同情况下,处理 1 d时,剪
叶 4 枝 50% 、75%诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食子酸的含量显著高于虫害诱
导处理;5 d时,剪叶 4 枝 50% 、75%诱导处理的这 5 种酚酸含量显著低于虫害诱导处理;10 d
时,两种方法诱导的酚酸含量差异不显著.说明剪叶诱导处理的酚酸含量变化比昆虫取食处
理迅速,且诱导强度与剪叶程度相关.采用适当处理诱导针叶中酚酸含量的变化来增强兴安
落叶松对害虫的防御能力是可行的.
关键词摇 兴安落叶松摇 落叶松毛虫摇 酚酸摇 剪叶损伤摇 昆虫取食
*国家自然科学基金项目(30371163)和林业公益性行业科研专项经费(200904021)资助.
**通讯作者. E鄄mail: yanshanchun@ 126. com
2009鄄10鄄19 收稿,2010鄄01鄄08 接受.
文章编号摇 1001-9332(2010)04-1000-07摇 中图分类号摇 S718. 45摇 文献标识码摇 A
Quantitative changes of phenolic acids in Larix gmelinii needles induced by leaf damage.
YAN Shan鄄chun1, YUAN Hong鄄e1, WANG Qi1, WANG Yan鄄jun2 ( 1Ministry of Education Forestry
Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
2Control and Quarantine Station of Forest Pest, Keshiketeng Banner Forestry Bureau, Keshiketeng
025350, Inner Mongolia, China) . 鄄Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. ,2010,21(4): 1000-1006.
Abstract: Phenolic acids are the important secondary metabolites associated with induced plant re鄄
sponses. Taking the Larix gmelinii seedlings with their needles on 4 selected branches being partial鄄
ly cut off or fed by Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae as test objects, this
paper quantitatively determined the phenolic acid concentrations in the undamaged needles by using
HPLC. One day after 50% of the needles on the branches were cut off or fed by D. superans lar鄄
vae, the concentrations of benzoic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, phenylaetic acid, cinnamic acid,
vanillic acid, syringic acid, sylicylic acid, and chlorogenic acid in undamaged needles had signifi鄄
cant difference with the control; and one day after 75% of the needles were cut off or fed by D. su鄄
perans larvae, the concentrations of the 9 phenolic acids and ferulic acid changed significantly.
These results implied that cutting off or feeding with 50% or 75% of the needles could cause the
concentrations of phenolic acids in needles reach the damage thresholds to induce chemical defense
of larch seedlings. On the first day after treatment, the concentrations of caffeic acid, phenylaetic
acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid in needles induced by 50% and 75% of cutting
were all significantly higher than those induced by larvae feeding; on the 5th day after treatment,
the concentrations of these 5 phenolic acids induced by 50% and 75% of cutting were significantly
lower than those induced by feeding; while on the 10th day after treatment, the concentrations of
the 5 phenolic acids had no significant difference between cutting and feeding. It suggested that the
quantitative changes of phenolic acids in larch needles induced by cutting were more rapidly than
应 用 生 态 学 报摇 2010 年 4 月摇 第 21 卷摇 第 4 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Apr. 2010,21(4): 1000-1006
those induced by feeding, and the induced defense response intensity of phenolic acids was correla鄄
tive with cutting degree. All of the results showed that it was possible to control the pest damage of
L. gmelinii by using appropriate methods to induce the quantitative change of phenolic acids in nee鄄
dles.
Key words: Larix gmelinii; Dendrolimus superans; phenolic acid; damage from cutting needles;
insect feeding.
摇 摇 植物以化学防御体系和物理防御结构抵御昆虫
危害,其中化学防御在植物抵抗外界压力中发挥着
重要作用[1] .大多数植物在遭受植食性昆虫攻击或
机械损伤时,其次生物质含量会发生变化[2] . 酚酸
是植物化学防御的重要次生物质[3-4],是合成植物
毒素的前体物质[5],对昆虫具有抗性作用,其含量
的高低与一些植食性昆虫数量呈负相关关系[6] . 植
物产生防御反应最明显的特征之一是酚酸含量显著
增加[7] .研究表明,人工剪叶、昆虫取食、病原菌侵
染和环境污染等都能诱导酚酸类化合物的合
成[8-10] .
落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimus superans)是东北地区
兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)针叶部的重要害虫,近
几年在黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古等省(区)的林区中频
繁发生,给林业生产造成严重的经济损失.目前关于
落叶松毛虫诱导寄主林木产生抗性反应的研究较
少,尤其是寄主兴安落叶松酚酸含量的研究未见报
道.本文采用不同程度剪叶损伤或落叶松毛虫取食
诱导处理,分析诱导后不同时间内兴安落叶松针叶
中酚酸的含量变化,旨在从化学生态学角度研究出
一种可利用的无公害方法,从而控制森林害虫的发
生与危害.
1摇 材料与方法
1郾 1摇 试验材料
选取东北林业大学帽儿山林场老山试验站网棚
内长势均衡的 5 年生兴安落叶松健康苗为试验用
苗;林间采集落叶松毛虫蛹,于室内羽化,交配产卵,
饲养孵化幼虫至 3 龄作为试验虫源.
1郾 2摇 针叶处理及采集
1)幼虫取食处理:将选定苗木分成 3 组进行取
食 4 枝处理,在树冠东、南、西、北 4 个方向各选 1 侧
枝,在侧枝的当年生枝叶部接上落叶松毛虫 3 龄幼
虫,用纱网罩住接虫枝条. 3 组苗木的各侧枝接虫量
分别为 10 头、20 头和 30 头,两天内当各侧枝针叶
受害程度分别达到 25% 、50%和 75%时,取下幼虫,
开始计时. 2)局部剪叶处理:另取选定苗木分成 3
组,模拟以上虫伤程度,在树冠东、南、西、北 4 个方
向各选 1 侧枝,对侧枝上当年生枝的叶部进行剪叶
25% 、50%和 75%3 种程度处理. 3)对照:样苗不做
任何处理.
在取下幼虫和剪叶后第 1、5、10、15 和 20 天,分
别在每株处理苗上均匀摘取不同部位剩余未损伤针
叶,并将在同一株上所采针叶相互混合,装入夹链袋
中,迅速放入冰盒内带回室内,于-20 益条件下保
存,备测.以上每种处理和对照均设 3 个重复,每个
重复均处理 3 株样树.
1郾 3摇 落叶松针叶中酚酸含量的测定
1郾 3郾 1 酚酸提取 摇 参照文献[11-12]略做改动. 取
落叶松针叶鲜样 50 mg剪成 1 mm 长的小段立即置
于 25 ml三角瓶中,加入 1 mol·L-1NaOH 15 ml 密
封,于 40 益条件下水浴 24 h,超声振荡 2 h,过滤.滤
液 pH值调至 2 (1 mol·L-1HCL调 pH值),加 NaCl
达到饱和,用乙醚将其经高速冷冻离心机抽提 3 次
(0 益条件下 8000 r·min-1离心 6 min,重复 3 次),
合并乙醚相,加无水硫酸钠静止过夜除水,用旋转蒸
发器旋转至干,加入 2 ml 色谱纯甲醇,使其干物质
完全溶解,用 0郾 22 滋m 微孔滤膜过滤,作为待测提
取液.
1郾 3郾 2 色谱分析条件 摇 参照文献[13 -14]略做改
动,采用 Waters高效液相色谱测定待测提取液中酚
酸.色谱柱为 C18柱,柱温为室温. 二极管阵列检测
器,检测波长 254 nm,自动进样,流速 0郾 9 ml·
min-1 .流动相:A 为甲醇 颐 水 颐 冰乙酸 V / V / V =
10 颐 88 颐 2;B为甲醇 颐 水 颐 冰乙酸(V / V / V)= 90 颐
8 颐 2.洗脱程序:0 ~ 25 min,A为 100% ~ 85% ;25 ~
45 min,A为 85% ~ 50% ;45 ~ 53 min,A 为 50% ~
100% .
1郾 3郾 3 酚酸标样配制及标准曲线制定摇 选择与抗虫
性密切相关的绿原酸、没食子酸、水杨酸、原儿茶酸、
对香豆酸、咖啡酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸、香草酸、丁香酸、
苯乙酸和苯甲酸 12 种酚酸为标准样品[11-12,15] . 分
别称取 12 种酚酸标准样品 1 mg,用色谱醇甲醇定
容至 10 ml配成 12 种酚酸混合标样母液.将其母液
10014 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 严善春等: 叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中 10 种酚酸的变化摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
图 1摇 12 种酚酸标准样 HPLC图
Fig. 1 摇 HPLC figure of twelve phenolic acids standard chemi鄄
cals.
A: 苯甲酸 Benzoic; B:咖啡酸 Caffeic; C: 绿原酸 Chlorogenic; D:水
杨酸 Salicylic; E:阿魏酸 Ferulic; F:苯乙酸 Phenylacetic; G:肉桂酸
Cinnamic; H: 香草酸 Vanillic; I: 丁香酸 Syringic; J: 没食子酸 Gal鄄
lic;L: 对香豆酸 P鄄coumaric; K: 原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic. 下同 The
same below.
依次稀释 5 倍、10 倍、25 倍、50 倍、100 倍、1000 倍,
配成一系列酚酸混标浓度,所得酚酸标准溶液色谱
分离结果见图 1. 12 种酚酸标样分离效果良好.按上
述液相色谱条件测定,以各种酚酸峰面积 Y 为纵坐
标,酚酸浓度 X 为横坐标进行线性回归,得到回归
方程(表 1).
1郾 3郾 4 酚酸标样回收率摇 以上述酚酸提取方法处理
表 1摇 12 种酚酸标准物的回归方程、相关系数及回收率
Tab. 1摇 Regression equation, correlation coefficient and re鄄
covery rate of twelve phenolic acids authorized chemicals
酚 酸
Phenolic acid
线性回归方程
Regression equation
相关系数
Correlation
coefficient
回收率
Recovery
(% )
绿原酸
Chlorogenic
y=1E+07x+12572 0郾 9995 90郾 75
没食子酸
Gallic
y=1E+07x+102郾 3 0郾 9996 92郾 28
咖啡酸
Caffeic
y=3E+07x+10492 0郾 9996 90郾 47
水杨酸
Salicylic
y=546655x-1112郾 7 0郾 9995 90郾 28
苯乙酸
Phenylacetic
y=4E+07x+56936 0郾 9996 91郾 20
苯甲酸
Benzoic
y=1E+07x-1994 0郾 9991 90郾 47
肉桂酸
Cinnamic
y=2E+06x+22010 0郾 9992 95郾 85
阿魏酸
Ferulic
y=2E+07x-26233 0郾 9991 91郾 84
香草酸
Vanillic
y=4E+06x 0郾 9991 92郾 70
丁香酸
Syringic
y=5E+06x-11458 0郾 9999 92郾 32
原儿茶酸
Protocatechuic
y=4E+07x+12298 0郾 9996 94郾 70
对香豆酸
P鄄coumaric
y=3E+06x 0郾 9999 90郾 42
酚酸纯品标样,然后按上述液相色谱分离检测条件
进行测定,Empower数据处理系统分析峰面积,最后
计算出回收率(表 1).结果显示,各类酚酸回收率均
在 90%以上,故以上酚酸提取及色谱分析条件符合
定量分析要求.
1郾 3郾 5 酚酸的定性与定量摇 根据酚酸标准品的保留
时间及其在 254 nm 的紫外吸收(ultraviolet,UV)光
谱对样品中的酚酸定性,用 Waters 色谱工作站测定
纯度后,依据外标曲线计算酚酸的含量(mg·g-1
FM).每个植物样品的酚酸含量测定重复 3 次.
摇 摇 在兴安落叶松针叶中共检测到 10 种酚酸类化
合物,分别为苯甲酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、阿魏
酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸.
1郾 4摇 数据处理
采用 SPSS 11郾 5 软件计算酚酸含量的平均值和
标准差.采用单因素方差分析(one鄄way ANOVA)和
最小显著差异法(LSD,琢 = 0郾 05) 比较不同处理间
的差异.
2摇 结果与分析
2郾 1摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 25%针叶处理兴安落叶
松健康针叶酚酸含量的时序变化
由图 2 可以看出,剪叶及昆虫取食 4 枝 25%处
理的兴安落叶松针叶中 10 种酚酸含量均相近,且与
对照相比差异均不显著(P>0郾 05),说明该损伤程度
对落叶松针叶中酚酸含量未达到诱导阈限.
2郾 2摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 50%针叶后兴安落叶松
健康针叶内酚酸含量的时序变化
由图 3 可以看出,与对照相比,剪叶及昆虫取食
4 枝 50%针叶处理 1 ~ 5 d 时,健康针叶中除阿魏酸
差异不显著(P>0郾 05) (图 3E) 外,其他 9 种酚酸含
量均有显著变化.处理 1 d后,两种处理针叶中的苯
甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没
食子酸含量显著高于对照,绿原酸和水杨酸含量显
著低于对照;剪叶诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香
草酸和没食子酸含量高于昆虫取食后的含量(图
3B,F,G,H,J).处理 5 d 后,剪叶针叶中苯甲酸、咖
啡酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食子酸含量仍显著高于对
照,绿原酸含量显著低于对照;昆虫取食针叶中咖啡
酸、苯乙酸、香草酸、肉桂酸、丁香酸和没食子酸含量
显著高于对照,绿原酸和水杨酸含量显著低于对照;
剪叶诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食
子酸含量显著低于昆虫取食后的含量(图 3B,F,G,
H ,J) . 说明4枝50%处理已经达到了诱导阈限,剪
2001 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 应摇 用摇 生摇 态摇 学摇 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 21 卷
图 2摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 25%针叶后健康针叶中酚酸含量
Fig. 2摇 Contents of phenolic acids in healthy needles after 25% needles on four branches were cut or fed by larva (mean依SD, n=3).
叶对酚酸含量的诱导较昆虫取食迅速,诱导强度也
相对较大.
2郾 3摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 75%针叶后兴安落叶松
健康针叶酚酸含量的时序变化
由图 4 可以看出,与对照相比,剪叶及昆虫取食
4 枝 75%针叶处理 1 ~ 10 d 后,剩余健康针叶中 10
种酚酸含量也发生了显著的变化. 剪叶或昆虫取食
处理 1 ~ 5 d 后,针叶中苯甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉
桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸含量均显著高于对
照,水杨酸、绿原酸和阿魏酸含量均显著低于对照诱
导 1 d后,剪叶苯甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香
草酸和没食子酸含量显著高于昆虫取食后的含量
(图 4 A,B,F,G,H,J),绿原酸和水杨酸含量显著低
于昆虫取食后的含量 (图 4C,D);诱导 5 d 后,剪叶
苯甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和食子酸含
量显著低于昆虫取食后的含量,绿原酸和水杨酸含
量高于昆虫取食后的含量 (图 4C,D);处理 10 d
后,剪叶咖啡酸、丁香酸、没食子酸含量仍显著高于
对照,绿原酸、水杨酸和阿魏酸含量低于对照. 说明
剪叶及昆虫取食对针叶酚酸含量增减诱导趋势相
30014 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 严善春等: 叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中 10 种酚酸的变化摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
图 3摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 50%针叶后健康针叶中酚酸含量
Fig. 3摇 Contents of phenolic acids in healthy needles after 50% needles on four branches were cut or fed by larva.
不同大、小写字母分别表示同一时间段,对照、剪叶与昆虫取食间差异显著(P<0郾 05)和极显著(P<0郾 01) Different small or capital letters meant
significant difference among control, cutting and feeding in the same time at 0郾 05 or 0郾 01 levels. 下同 The same below.
似,4 枝 75%针叶处理不仅达到了诱导阈限,且诱导
持续时间较长.与昆虫取食相比,剪叶对针叶酚酸的
诱导反应更迅速,但先强后弱.
3摇 讨摇 摇 论
3郾 1摇 兴安落叶松针叶中酚酸含量与诱导抗性的关
系
酚酸的种类及含量与植物抗虫性密切相关.植
物种类不同,具有防御作用的酚酸种类和作用方式
也不同.抗性强的毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)树皮内
的邻二苯酚、香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸含量均高于银
白杨(P. alba) [15] .左彤彤等[16]试验表明,杨树韧皮
部中的酚酸对青杨脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rusticus)有
驱避作用,尤以咖啡酸、肉桂酸和丁香酸的效果更为
明显.在本研究结果中,剪叶和松毛虫取食后,兴安
落叶松针叶中苯甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、香草酸、丁香
酸和没食子酸含量迅速增加,说明这几种酚酸可能
是兴安落叶松的重要防御物质.
4001 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 应摇 用摇 生摇 态摇 学摇 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 21 卷
图 4摇 剪叶或昆虫取食 4 枝 75%针叶后健康针叶中酚酸含量
Fig. 4摇 Contents of phenolic acids in healthy needles after 75% needles on four branches were cut or fed by larva.
摇 摇 不同植物的酚酸对昆虫的防御有其局限性和特
定性.已有研究表明,马尾松(Pinus massoniana) [12]
和油松(P. tabulaeformis) [17]受害后,针叶内阿魏酸
含量没有变化;损伤处理马铃薯块茎会诱导绿原酸
的含量增加[18];毛白杨中绿原酸和水杨酸的含量越
高,对天牛的抗性越强[19] .然而在本研究中,剪叶和
松毛虫取食诱导使针叶中绿原酸、水杨酸和阿魏酸
含量下降,推测这 3 种酚酸不是兴安落叶松抵御损
伤和松毛虫取食的化学组分.
3郾 2摇 剪叶与昆虫取食的不同损伤程度对兴安落叶
松针叶内酚酸含量的影响
本试验结果表明,与对照相比,剪叶及昆虫取食
4 枝 25%针叶处理均不能诱导落叶松针叶中酚酸含
量发生显著变化,而剪叶及昆虫取食 4 枝 50%针叶
(阿魏酸除外)或 4 枝 75%针叶后,兴安落叶松针叶
中酚酸含量均发生显著变化,说明这两种损伤程度
已达到诱导阈值. 其中,剪叶或取食 4 枝 75%针叶
处理诱导的酚酸含量变化幅度较 50%更大,且剪叶
4 枝 75%针叶处理诱导的含量较剪叶 4 枝 50%针
叶处理持续时间长,说明酚酸含量变化与处理程度
50014 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 严善春等: 叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中 10 种酚酸的变化摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
具有一定的相关性. 本研究结果支持了损伤是诱导
酚酸类化合物合成的重要因子,酚酸类化合物含量
的变化依赖于损伤信号的刺激程度的观点[20-21] .
3郾 3摇 剪叶与昆虫取食处理对兴安落叶松酚酸含量
变化的诱导差异
剪叶及昆虫取食处理诱导的针叶中酚酸含量变
化趋势一致,即针叶中苯甲酸、咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂
酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸含量迅速增加,水杨
酸、绿原酸和阿魏酸含量迅速减少,之后,各酚酸含
量逐渐趋于正常水平. 剪叶造成的机械损伤在作用
时间上与昆虫取食造成的机械损伤不同. 昆虫取食
需要一定时间,对植物的危害是一个渐变过程;剪叶
模拟了昆虫对植物的危害程度而忽视取食过程,作
用时间短.本试验结果表明,剪叶处理后针叶中酚酸
含量迅速发生变化,其增加或降低量大于昆虫取食
处理.说明剪叶处理诱导针叶中酚酸含量的变化比
昆虫取食诱导迅速,这种含量优势的持续时间与剪
叶程度有关.
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作者简介 摇 严善春,女,1964 年生,教授,博士生导师. 主要
从事森林害虫综合治理和昆虫化学生态学研究,发表论文
100 余篇. E鄄mail: yanshanchun@ 126. com
责任编辑摇 李凤琴
6001 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 应摇 用摇 生摇 态摇 学摇 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 21 卷