全 文 ：黑大豆新品种乌青 1号的选育
及高产栽培技术要点
谢成林 1*，姚义 1，马长青 2，冯明 2 （1.扬州市
农业委员会，江苏扬州 225000；2.高邮市蔬菜
栽培技术指导站，江苏高邮 225600）
摘 要 介绍了乌青 1 号的选育过程、特征特
性及高产栽培技术要点。乌青 1 号俗称高邮黑
大豆，是由高邮市蔬菜栽培技术指导站和扬州
市农业技术推广站共同选育而成的黑大豆新
品种，2014 年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委
员会审定定名。 该品种具有产量高、 品质优、
籽粒大、抗逆性强等优良特性，黑皮青仁，营养
保健价值高。
关键词 黑大豆；乌青 1 号；选育；特征特性；
栽培技术
基金项目 江苏省农业三项工程项目［sx（2007）
001］。
作者简介 谢成林（1963－），男，江苏句容人，
硕士，推广研究员，主要从事农作物生产技术
的研究与推广，E-mail：yztgz@163.com。 * 通讯
作者。
收稿日期 2015-09-03
修回日期 2015-10-13
Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Technology
of Wuqing No.1, a New Cultivar of Black Soybeans
Chenglin XIE1*, Yi YAO1, Changqing MA2, Ming FENG2
1. Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Yangzhou 225000, China;
2. Gaoyou Vegetable Cultivation Technology Station, Gaoyou 225600, China
Supported by Jiangsu Three Agricultural Projects (sx(2007)001).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: yztgz@163.com
Received: September 3, 2015 Accepted: October 13, 2015A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2015, 16(11): 2519-2521
Copyright訫 2015, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Agronomy and Horticultrue
B lack soybeans are abundantwith bioactive substances, un-saturated fattyacid, dietary
fiber, vitamins, trace elements and es-
sential amino acids and soy products,
with high medical and food values,
functioning well in removing free radi-
cal, delaying senescence, boosting
immunity and improving sleeping qual-
ity[1-5]. Wuqing No.1, also named Gaoy-
ou black soybean, is bred based on
Danbo black soybean introduced from
Japan in 1996 by Gaoyou Vegetable
Cultivation Technology Station and
Yangzhou Agricultural Technology
Promotion Station. Specifically, yield
of Wuqing No.1 is 375 kg/hm2 higher
than that of Danbo black soybean, and
the contained protein and fat are high-
er than that of other cultivars. Besides,
crude protein content advances three
points than normal black soybeans. In
general, it is a cultivar that contains
significant amounts of 8 essential
amino acids. It is a nourishing and also
an important ingredient in traditional
Chinese medicine, and the beneficial
claims for nourishment include clear-
ing away heat and toxic materials, re-
plenishing blood, inducing diuresis to
alleviate edema and improving eye-
sight. Besides, it is pitch-black and the
pod is green and glittering, providing
natural pigment for food industry. The
research introduced breeding process,
characters and high-yield cultivation
technology of Wuqing No.1 in order to
provide references for black soybean
industrialization in Yangzhou and sur-
rounding areas.
Selection and Breeding
Process
Wuqing No.1 is a new summer
soybean cultivar bred by Gaoyou
Vegetable Cultivation Technology
Station and Yangzhou Agricultural
Technology Promotion Station. Vari-
ants were selected from Danbo black
soybean introduced from Japan in
1997 and high-quality plants were se-
lected by comprehensive breeding
method during 1998 -1999. In 2000,
the plants were cultivated in a fertile
plant nursery and identified in an iden-
tification nursery in 2011. In 2002, the
plants were authenticated in different
spots. During 2003-2005, variety com-
parative test and demonstrated plant-
ing were carried out simultaneously
and demonstration cultivation was con-
Abstract The research introduced selection and breeding process, characteristics
and high-yield cultivation technology of Wuqing No.1. Wuqing No.1, also named
Gaoyou black soybean, is bred based on Danbo black soybean introduced from
Japan in 1996 by Gaoyou Vegetable Cultivation Technology Station and Yangzhou
Agricultural Technology Promotion Station. It was named in 2014 by Jinagsu Crop
Cultivar Approvement Committee. The cultivar is high-yielding with high quality, big
seeds, high resistance to stress, as well as high health-care value.
Key words Black soybean; Wuqing No.1; Selection and breeding; Character; Cultiva-
tion technology
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2015.11.034
Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
tinued in 2006 -2010. During 2011 -
2012, the plants were taken for sum-
mer soybean test in Jiangsu and the
areas in the south of Huai River in
2014. The plants were named Wuqing
No.1 and registered 201402 (Fig.1).
Characteristics
Plant type
As shown in Fig.2, Wuqing No.1
grows straight; vegetative growth and
reproductive growth proceed vigor-
ously during seed growth stage;
branches grow long and strong. It can
be concluded from Fig.3 that the
plants grow tight, with thicker stem and
roots in mature stage; the leaf is oval-
shaped, and flowers are purple; the
leaves are covered with fine brown or
gray hairs. The leaves usually fall be-
fore the seeds are mature.
Agronomic characters
The growth term lasts for 120 d;
plant height is in the range of 80 -90
cm; podding height is 22 cm; the main
stem has 17.5 internodes; the plant
has 3-4 effective branches and 40-60
pods; every pod has 1.7 seeds and
hundred-seed weight is 40 g.
Seed quality
Wuqing No.1 is black and oval-
shape, with dark navel. With large
sizes, the soybeans perform well in
commodity value and taste delicious.
Testified by the Supervision, Inspec-
tion&Testing Center of Cereal Quality,
Ministry of Agriculture, Wuqing No.1
contains 46.1% crude protein, and
18.4% crude fat. As shown in Fig.4,
seed coat of Wuqing No.1 is black,
and kernel is turquoise and oval-
shape. In contrast, seed coat of Danbo
black soybean is ash black, covered
with dusts, and the kernel is yellowish
white and round.
Yielding Performance
Wuqing No.1 was chosen as test
materials in soybean regions in Jiang-
suProvinceduring 2011-2013. Specifi-
cally, average yield was 2 695.5 kg/hm2;
the yield of 2012 -2013 averaged
2 302.5 kg/hm2, increasing by 13.5%
compared with that of Nannong No.30;
the yield averaged 2 637 kg/hm2 in
2013, increasing by 24.5%.
Adaptation ranges
Wuqing No.1 performs poorly in
shade and grows fast. Therefore, it
should be grown in the areas with
abundant sunshine, large temperature
difference between day and night, an-
nual mean temperature of 13.5-15 ℃,
annual precipitation of 1 200-1 700 m,
and daily sunshine hour of 1 100 h/year.
Besides, soils should be fertile fluvio-
genic soils or sticky soils, with pH of 5-
7. Additionally, water table should be
below 60 m, convenient for irrigation.
Therefore, Jiangsu Province and the
regions in the south of Huai River are
much suitable.
Disease tolerance
Verified by National Soybean Im-
provement Center, Nanjing Agricultur-
al University, Wuqing No.1 is medium-
sensitive to SC3 (Soybean mosaic)
and sensitive to SC7. In growth term,
the cultivar is tolerant to Soybean mo-
saic in initial-flowering stage and in-
fected by the disease in podding
stage.
Key Points of High-yield
Cultivation
Wuqing No.1 is suitable to be
grown as summer soybean in Jiangsu
Fig.1 Seed selection and breeding process of Wuqing No.1
Fig.2Wuqing No.1 in podding stage Fig.3Wuqing No.1 in ripening stage
2520
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(Continued from page 2518)
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Responsible editor: Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
and the south of Huai River, especially
in fertile areas in central Jiangsu. The
yield is generally 2 700 kg/hm2, and
even as high as 3 000 kg/hm2. Be-
sides, yield structure includes density
of 67 500 -75 000 plant/hm2, 60 -80
pods per plant, 1.7 seeds per pod,
hundred-seed weight of 40 g.
Crop rotation
Wuqing No. 1 should be grown in
fields where legume crops are never
grown in previous two seasons in case
of successive cropping obstacle. It is
recommended that the cultivar can be
grown with graminaceous crops.
Sowing
The sowing term is distributed
from middle June to early July, and op-
timal term is late June. The sowing
quantity is 37.5-45.0 kg/hm2, and seeds
should be sunned for 1 -2 d before
sowing.
Planting density
The planting density is in the
range of 60 000 -67 500 plant/hm2,
with line spacing of 60-70 cm and row
spacing of 25-30 cm. It is notable that
the density can even increase in infer-
tile farmlands or farmlands seeds
sown later.
Fertilizer and water management
For Wuqing No.1, total nitrogen
quantity should be 90-120 kg/hm2, in-
cluding pure nitrogen of 45 kg/hm2,
phosphorus pentoxide, potassium ox-
ide of 45 kg/hm2, and pure nitrogen of
45-75 kg/hm2 in flowering stage. It is
notable that 15%paclobutrazol (×2 000)
can be spread 1-2 times in the farm-
land where Wuqing No.1 grows over-
much during flowering stage. After
podding stage, leaf can be spread with
monopotassium phosphate. Besides,
attention should be paid to flood con-
trol and drought relief and soils should
be guaranteed humid in podding
stage.
Control on disease and insects
Wuqing No.1 is usually infected
by aphid, Lerodea eufala and Prodenia
litura, which can be controlled by imi-
dacloprid, abamectin, and chlo-
rantraniliprole. Besides, soil insect can
be controlled also. For example,
weeds are generally controlled with
acetochlor and s-metolachlor before
seedling grows, and haloxyfop-R-
methyl and Fluoroglycofen after
seedlings grow.
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Fig.4 Cross-sections of Wuqing No.1 and Danbo soybean
2521