全 文 :云南大学学报 (自然科学版),2011,33 (1):93 ~ 95 CN 53 -1045 /N ISSN 0258 -7971
Journal of Yunnan University http:/ /www. yndxxb. ynu. edu. cn
满天星中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性
*
张凤梅,太志刚,蔡 乐,杨亚滨,李 菲,丁中涛
(云南大学 化学科学与工程学院,教育部自然资源药物化学重点实验室,云南 昆明 650091)
摘要:对石竹科花卉植物满天星(Gypsophila elegans)进行化学成分研究,通过波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,得
到 6 个黄酮苷化合物,分别为 2″ - O - α - L -阿拉伯糖异荭草苷(1)、芹黄素 - 6 - C -[β - D -吡喃木糖基 -
(1→ 2″) - β - D -吡喃半乳糖基]- 7 - O - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、芹黄素 - 8 - C - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖
苷(3)、肥皂草苷(4)、芹黄素 - 7 - O -槐糖苷(5)、异牡荆素 - 2″ - O - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(6).除化合物 4
为首次从该植物中分离得到外,其它化合物均为首次从石竹科植物中分离得到.并采用 DPPH自由基清除模型
对分离得到的化合物进行了抗氧化活性筛选,化合物 1 显示出强抗氧化活性.
关键词:满天星;石竹科;黄酮;抗氧化活性
中图分类号:R 284. 1;Q 949. 745. 8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0258 - 7971(2011)01 - 0093 - 03
满天星 (Gypsophila elegans Bieb.)又名丝石竹,是石竹科石头花属植物,为著名的切花植物[1]. Gyp-
sophila属植物具有重要的药用和经济价值,从中分离得到的三萜皂苷在医药、洗涤剂、化妆品、感光物质组
成等方面都有应用.另外还分离得到甾体、黄酮、酚酸、环肽类成分[2 - 4],作为本课题组云南花卉植物化学
成分研究工作的一部分[5 - 6],对其进行化学成分研究,从中分离得到 6 个黄酮苷化合物,利用波谱学技术
鉴定为 2″ - O - α - L -阿拉伯糖异荭草苷(1)、芹黄素 - 6 - C -[β - D -吡喃木糖基 -(1→ 2″)- β - D
-吡喃半乳糖基]- 7 - O - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、芹黄素 - 8 - C - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、肥皂草
苷(4)、芹黄素 - 7 - O -槐糖苷(5)、异牡荆素 - 2″ - O - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),除了化合物 4,其它
化合物首次从石竹科植物中分离得到,化合物 1 对 DPPH自由基清除活性较强.
1 实验部分
1. 1 仪器、试剂及材料 Bruker AV -500 核磁共振波谱仪(TMS 为内标);Agilent G3250AA质谱仪,Hita-
chi UV -2550 紫外 -可见分光光度计;Sephadex LH -20(GE Healthcare 公司);RP - C18(Merck);DPPH购
自于 Sigma公司,柱色谱硅胶和薄层色谱硅胶均为青岛海洋化工厂产品,其他试剂均为分析纯.
满天星于 2006 年 10 月购买于云南省昆明市呈贡县,经云南大学生命科学学院陆树刚教授鉴定为满
天星(Gypsophila elegans Bieb.).植物样品保存于云南大学教育部自然资源药物化学重点实验室.
1. 2 提取和分离 干燥的满天星(11. 0 kg)粉碎后,用 75%乙醇回流提取 3 次,提取物(315 g)用水分散
后成均匀的悬浮液,分别用石油醚,乙酸乙酯及正丁醇各萃取 3 次.乙酸乙酯(82 g)部分经反复硅胶柱层
析,并采用凝胶柱(甲醇),RP - C18反相柱层析纯化得到化合物 3(16 mg)、化合物 4(25 mg)和化合物 5(26
mg).正丁醇部分(158 g)使用 D101 型大孔树脂先用水洗脱后,再用 90%的甲醇洗脱,甲醇洗脱部分经反
复硅胶柱层析,并采用凝胶柱(甲醇),RP - C18反相柱层析纯化得化合物 1(12 mg)、化合物 2(42 mg)和化
合物 6(36 mg).
* 收稿日期:2010 - 07 - 08
基金项目:云南省自然科学基金资助项目(2007B021M).
作者简介:张凤梅(1985 -),女,云南人,硕士生,主要从事天然产物分离分析方面的研究.
通讯作者:杨亚滨(1972 -),男,云南人,副教授,主要从事天然产物分离分析方面的研究,E - mail:ybyang@ ynu. edu. cn.
1. 3 清除 DPPH自由基活性测试 采用 DPPH自由基清除模型,筛选化合物(1 ~ 6)的抗氧化活性.测试
方法依照相关文献报道[7],以芦丁为阳性对照,称取 DPPH(15. 8 mg)溶解于无水乙醇并定容至 500 mL,配
制成 DPPH(0. 08 mmol /L)溶液,取 DPPH溶液 3. 9 mL与 0. 1 mL不同浓度的样品溶液混合.室温下暗室放
置 30 min,在 517 nm下测量吸光值,自由基的清除活性的计算式为:
I =[(Ablank - Asample)/Ablank]× 100%,
式中 Asample是加不同浓度样品时的吸光值,Ablank是未加样品时的吸光值,IC50(半数抑制浓度)通过绘制线
性范围内的样品浓度与清除活性相关的曲线进行计算.
2 结果与讨论
2. 1 结构鉴定
化合物 1 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):603[M + Na]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7. 31(1H,s,H -
2),7. 28(1H,d,J = 8. 0 Hz,H -6),6. 88(1H,d,J = 8. 0 Hz,H -5),6. 48(1H,s,H - 3),6. 42(1H,s,H -
8),4. 98(1H,d,J = 9. 5 Hz,H - 1″),4. 38(1H,J = 5. 5 Hz,H - 1);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:166. 5
(C -2),104. 3 (C -3),184. 3 (C -4),159. 1 (C -5),109. 4 (C -6),165. 3(C -7),95. 5 (C -8),163. 0
(C -9),105. 6 (C -10),123. 9 (C - 1),114. 7 (C - 2),147. 3 (C - 3),151. 3 (C - 4),117. 3 (C -
5),120. 9 (C -6),73. 7 (C -1″),82. 3 (C -2″),74. 6 (C - 3″),73. 9 (C - 4″),82. 8 (C - 5″),63. 1 (C
-6″),107. 1 (C -1),72. 0 (C -2),80. 6 (C - 3),69. 6 (C - 4),67. 0 (C - 5).上述光谱数据与文
献[8]相符,故鉴定为 2″ - O - α - L -阿拉伯糖异荭草苷.
化合物 2 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):727[M + H]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7. 71(2H,d,J =
8. 7 Hz,H -2,6),6. 77(2H,d,J = 8. 7 Hz,H -3,5),6. 72(1H,s,H - 8),6. 50(1H,s,H - 3),4. 99(1H,
d,J = 7. 5 Hz,H - 1″″),4. 93(1H,d,J = 9. 5 Hz,H - 1″),4. 13(1H,d,J = 6. 5 Hz,H - 1);13C NMR(125
MHz,CD3OD)δ:167. 1(C -2),104. 7 (C -3),184. 4 (C - 4),163. 3 (C - 5),111. 7 (C - 6),164. 7 (C -
7),95. 6 (C -8),159. 2 (C -9),107. 1 (C -10),123. 3 (C -1),130. 1 (C - 2,6),117. 6 (C - 3,5),
163. 5 (C -4),73. 4 (C - 1″),83. 1 (C - 2″),73. 7 (C - 3″),71. 7 (C - 4″),82. 6 (C - 5″),63. 6 (C -
6″),107. 3 (C -1),74. 6 (C -2),80. 3(C - 3),71. 7 (C - 4),67. 0 (C - 5),102. 9 (C - 1″″),75. 6
(C -2″″),78. 8 (C -3″″),69. 7 (C -4″″),77. 9 (C -5″″),62. 5 (C -6″″).上述光谱数据与文献[9]相符,
故鉴定为芹黄素 - 6 - C -[β - D -吡喃木糖基 -(1→ 2″) - β - D -吡喃半乳糖基]- 7 - O - β - D -吡
喃葡萄糖苷.
化合物 3 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):455[M + Na]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,C5D5N)δ:7. 17(2H,d,J =
8. 5 Hz,H -2,6),6. 12(2H,d,J = 8. 5 Hz,H -3,5),5. 65(1H,s,H - 6),5. 59(1H,s,H - 3),4. 82(1H,
d,J = 9. 7 Hz,H -1″);13C NMR (125 MHz,C5D5N)δ:165. 7(C - 2),104. 2 (C - 3),183. 9 (C - 4),158. 0
(C -5),100. 1 (C -6),165. 5 (C -7),107. 0 (C - 8),163. 3 (C - 9),106. 2 (C - 10),123. 5 (C - 1),
130. 5 (C -2,6),117. 7(C -3,5),163. 6 (C -4),81. 8 (C - 3″),76. 4 (C - 1″),73. 9 (C - 2″),73. 2
(C -4″),84. 3 (C -5″),63. 9 (C -6″).以上数据与文献[10]报道相符,故鉴定为芹黄素 - 8 - C - β - D -
吡喃葡萄糖苷.
化合物 4 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):617[M + Na]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,C5D5N)δ:7. 81(2H,d,J =
8. 5 Hz,H -2,6),7. 16(2H,d,J = 8. 5 Hz,H -3,5),7. 14(1H,s,H - 8),6. 90(1H,s,H - 3),5. 81(1H,
d,J = 9. 7 Hz,H -1″),5. 63(1H,d,J = 7. 2 Hz,H -1);13C NMR (125 MHz,C5D5N)δ:166. 8(C -2),106. 1
(C -3),184. 9 (C - 4),163. 2 (C - 5),113. 9 (C - 6),165. 9 (C - 7),96. 8 (C - 8),159. 3 (C - 9),
108. 3 (C -10),124. 0 (C -1),130. 9 (C - 2,6),118. 9 (C - 3,5),164. 8 (C - 4),77. 2 (C - 1″),
75. 2 (C -2″),83. 1 (C - 3″),73. 4 (C - 4″),84. 6 (C - 5″),64. 6 (C - 6″),105. 3 (C - 1),76. 8 (C -
2),79. 8 (C -3),73. 1 (C -4),81. 3 (C - 5),64. 0 (C - 6).以上光谱数据与文献[11]相符,故鉴
定为肥皂草苷.
49 云南大学学报(自然科学版) 第 33 卷
化合物 5 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):595[M + H]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7. 89(2H,d,J =
8. 4 Hz,H -2,6),6. 95(2H,d,J = 8. 4 Hz,H -3,5),6. 81(1H,s,H - 3),6. 79(1H,s,H - 8),6. 43(1H,
s,H -6),5. 17 (1H,d,J = 7. 5 Hz,H -1″),4. 38(1H,d,J = 7. 5 Hz,H - 1);13 C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)
δ:166. 4(C -2),104. 9 (C -3),183. 7 (C - 4),164. 9 (C - 5),99. 3 (C - 6),165. 9 (C - 7),94. 6 (C -
8),158. 5 (C - 9),106. 3(C - 10),122. 7 (C - 1),129. 4 (C - 2,6),116. 8 (C - 3,5),162. 6 (C -
4),98. 5 (C -1″),82. 2 (C -2″),77. 6 (C -3″),72. 5 (C - 4″),80. 4 (C - 5″),61. 8 (C - 6″),103. 6 (C
-1),74. 8 (C -2),76. 8 (C -3),72. 5 (C -4),78. 2 (C -5),61. 8 (C -6).以上光谱数据与文献
[12]相符,故鉴定为芹黄素 7 - O -槐糖苷.
化合物 6 黄色固体. ESI - MS(m/z):593[M - H]-;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7. 89(2H,d,J =
8. 7 Hz,H -2,6),6. 99(2H,d,J = 8. 7 Hz,H -3,5),6. 97(1H,s,H - 8),6. 69(1H,s,H - 3),5. 12(1H,
d,J = 9. 5 Hz,H - 1″),4. 60(1H,d,J = 6. 5 Hz,H - 1);13 C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:165. 3(C - 2),
103. 9 (C -3),183. 8 (C -4),162. 7 (C - 5),109. 5 (C - 6),165. 0(C - 7),94. 7 (C - 8),158. 2 (C -
9),105. 3 (C -10),122. 5 (C - 1),129. 4 (C - 2,6),116. 9 (C - 3,5),163. 2 (C - 4),72. 1 (C -
1″),82. 1 (C -2″),79. 9(C -3″),71. 0 (C -4″),83. 6 (C - 5″),62. 3 (C - 6″),106. 8 (C - 1),76. 4 (C
-2),78. 2(C -3),71. 0 (C -4),77. 6 (C -5),61. 6 (C -6).数据与文献[13]相符,故鉴定为异牡
荆素 - 2″ - O - β - D -吡喃葡萄糖苷.
图 1 化合物 1 ~ 6 和芦丁清除 DPPH自由基的
活性
Fig. 1 DPPH radical - scavenging activity of com-
pounds 1—6 and rutin
2. 2 DPPH抗氧化活性筛选结果 以标准方法平行测定
3 次取平均值,结果(见图 1)显示化合物(1)的 IC50 = 9. 80
μmol /L,阳性对照芦丁的 IC50 = 6. 69 μmol /L.表明化合物
(1)的抗氧化活性与芦丁比较接近,化合物(2 ~ 6)的 IC50
都大于 100 μmol /L,所以没有进行计算.
3 讨 论
植物中的黄酮类化合物是抗氧化活性物质的重要来
源.可以结合抗氧化活性筛选,对该植物化学成分进行研
究,探讨黄酮苷结构与抗氧化活性的关系.
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59第 1 期 张凤梅等:满天星中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性
Microsporogenesis and anther's development in Ternstroemia gymnnanthera
XU Tao1,WANG Yue-hua1,SIMA Yong-kang2,DU Shou-hui1,HE Su-rui1,CHEN Chen1
(1. School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;
2. Yunnan Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650204,China)
Abstract:The development of microspores and anthers in Ternstroemia gymnnanthera,a special plant in
Yunnan with androdioecy was studied. The anther was tetrasporangiate,the wall formation was Dicot type. The ep-
idermis was secondarily thickened and became tanniniferous. The endothecium was not secondarily thickened,but
persistent until pollens were mature. The tapetum was glandular type,tapetal cells had 2 or 3 nuclei;the archespo-
rial cells lined up in 2 or 3,the secondary sporogenous cells developed into microspore mother cells;and micros-
porocyte was simultaneous type,the meiosis was normal,most of microspore tetrads were tetrahedral and had a
few other types,such as dilateral and“T”type. Mature pollens were 3 - cell. The comparative embryological fea-
tures were studied after comparing 13 embryological features within four genera of Ternstroemiodeae,and the sys-
tematic significance in Ternstroemiodeae was discussed. It is indicated that the sexual reproductive significance of
the Ternstroemia gymnnanthera might be noticed and need a more intensive study.
Key words:Ternstroemia gymnnanthera;ternstroemiodeae;microsporogenesis;anther;comparitive embryology
***************************************
(上接第 95 页)
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[10] 冯卫生,郝志友,郑晓珂,等.哥兰叶中黄酮类化学成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2008,43 (8):573-575.
[11] 邓湘昱,高桂花,郑姝宁,等.大青叶的化学成分[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2009,26(4):274-278.
[12] KIKUCHI M,MATSUDA N. Flavone glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa[J]. J Nat Prod,1996,59(3):314-
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[13] CHENG G,BAI Y J,ZHAO Y Y,et al. Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa[J]. Tetrahedron,2000,56(45):
8 915-8 920.
Flavonoids from Gypsophila elegans and their antioxidant activities
ZHANG Feng-mei,TAI Zhi-gang,CAI Le,YANG Ya-bin,LI Fei,DING Zhong-tao
(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource,Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical Science and Technology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)
Abstract:The chemical constituents from Gypsophila elegans(Caryophyllaceae)were studied and six fla-
vonoids were isolated. The structures of these compounds were identified by spectral data as isoorientin - 2″ - O -
α - L - arabinopyranosyl (1),apigenin - 6 - C -[β - D - xylopyranosyl -(1→2″)- β - D - galactopyrano-
side]- 7 - O - β - D - glucopyranoside (2),apigenin - 8 - C - β - D - glucopyranoside (3),saponarin (4),
apigenin - 7 - O - sophoroside (5)and isovitexin - 2″ - O - β - D - glucopyranoside (6). Compound (4)was
first isolated from this plant and others five compounds were obtained from Caryophyllaceae family for the first
time. Their antioxidant activities were also investigated by DPPH method,1 showed antioxidant activity.
Key words:Gypsophila elegans;Caryophyllaceae;flavonoid;antioxidant activity
201 云南大学学报(自然科学版) 第 33 卷