全 文 ：Journal of Forestry Research, 14(2): 122-126 (2003) 122


Effect of Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted
by supercritical CO2 extraction on Chinese fir

LIN Si-zu1, CAO Guang-qiu1, DU Ling2, WANG Ai-ping1
1Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Nanping 353001, P. R. China.
2 Biology Department, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010020, P. R. China.

Abstract: Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal
experiment design, and it was used to analyze al lelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The
results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most
important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese -fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different
allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory
effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.
Keywords: Chinese fir; Autointoxication; Supercritical CO2 extraction; Bioassay; Seed germination
CLC number: S718.43 Document code: A Article ID: 1007-662X(2003)02-0122-05



Introduction1

Allelopathy is one of the most common phenomena in
nature. Rice (1984) gave the following definition of
allelopathy: “Any direct or indirect harmful or beneficial
effect by one plant (including microorganisms ) on another
through the production of chemical compounds that
escape into the environment”. Putnam and Tong (1986)
stated that chemicals with allelopathic potential were
present in virtually all plant tissues, including leaves,
flowers, fruits, stems, roots, rhizomes and seeds .
Allelochemicals were released by processes as
volatilization, root exudation, leaching, and decomposition
and so on (Rice 1984; Putnam 1985).
Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lamcealata (Lamb.) Hook)
spread through seventeen provinces in south China, which
is recommended as the most important timber tree species
in south China. The field investigation showed that
Chinese fir had poor establishment and low productivity,
and its growth easily lead to soil degradation. There were
many reasons causing soil degradation of Chinese fir
man-made forest, concluding the studies of the foregoing
researches, autointoxication of Chinese fir was one of the
most important reasons (Lin 1999). The effects of
allelochemicals of Chinese-fir leaves, stump-roots on seed
germination and seedling growth of Chinese fir had been
reported in prev ious studies (Cao 2002a; Huang 2000a). In
this study, after extracting the allelochemicals of
Chinese-fir root by supercritical CO2 extraction, we used

Foundation item: This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation
of Fujian Province (B0010020)
Biography: LIN Si -zu (1953-), male, professor in Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Nanping 353001, P. R. China.
Email: szlin53@hotmail.com
Received date: 2002-12-12
Responsible editor: Song Funan
seed germination bioassay to determine allelopathic
activity of allelochemicals to Chinese fir, so as to add new
data for Chinese fir autointoxicational study.

Materials and methods

Collection and treatment of materials
Roots of Chinese fir were collected from the second
rotation Chinese fir stand in the vicinity of Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, China.
The samples were dried at room temperature in a
desiccation, and then comminuted by plant disintegrator
and stored for fur ther use. Chinese-fir seeds were offered
by Fujian Forestry Office.

Extraction of allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root
Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root were extracted by the
method of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal
exper iment design. Orthogonal experiment design and the
condition of supercritical CO2 extraction were shown in
Table 1. Non-polar-allelochemicals were extracted with
pure CO2, and then ethanol acted as modifier was mixed
with CO2 to extract residue of middle-polar-allelochemicals
and polar-allelochemicals, finally concentrated in vacuum
at room temperature.

Confection of experimental additives
Allelochemicals extracted by pure CO2 and CO2 mixed
with ethanol were dissolved by ethanol to obtain solutions
with different concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg-1.
Considering ethanol has inhibitory effect on seed
germination of Chinese-fir (Liu et al. 2001), all of the
experimental concentration of additives of ethanol solution
were V (ethanol): V (distilled water) =1:100. Control was
ethanol with the concentration of 1:100.
LIN Si-zu et al. 123

Bioassay
The experiment of seed germination of Chinese-fir was
conducted in petri dishes at laboratory temperature (27℃)
and relative humidity of 60%. Each treatment was
replicated three times , with 100 seeds per replication on
filter paper. Germination experiment lasted for 10 days.
The results of seed germination bioassays were expressed
as absolute germination rate, radical length, fresh weight,
and dry weight.

Data processing
t-test was used to analysis whether the difference of
treatments are remarkable. The absolute germination rate
was calculated as:
The absolute germination rate=the total of germination
number/ (100—the total of sterile seed) ×100%.
The absolute germination power was calculated as:
The absolute germination power=the amount of
germination on the peak day of germination/ (100— the
total of sterile seed) ×100%.

Table 1. Available rate of alleloche micals under different conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction
Factor Available rate
Component
Weight of
materials (g) Pressure (MPa) Temperature (℃ ) Time (h) CO2 flux (kg/h)
Pure
CO2 (%)
Ethanol mixed
with CO2 (%)
1 100 30±2 40 2.5 30±3 2.71 0.45
2 100 45±2 40 2.5 50±3 3.12 1.24
3 100 45±2 60 2.5 30±3 3.36 1.02
4 100 30±2 60 2.5 50±3 2.78 1.16
5 100 45±2 40 1.5 30±3 2.76 1.10
6 100 30±2 40 1.5 50±3 2.88 0.87
7 100 30±2 60 1.5 30±3 3.00 0.34
8 100 45±2 60 1.5 50±3 2.98 1.04
A1 11.37 11.47 11.97 11.83
A2 12.22 12.12 11.62 11.76
Ra 0.43 0.33 0.18 0.04
TA=23.59
B1 2.82 3.66 3.87 2.91
B2 4.40 3.56 3.35 4.31
Rb 0.79 0.05 0.26 0.70
TB=7.22
Note: A is available rate of pure CO2, B is available rate of ethanol mixed with CO2, R represents extreme difference. 1 represents pressure of
extraction 30±2, temperature of extraction 40, time of extraction 2.5, CO2 flux of extraction 30±3; 2 represents pressure of extraction 45±2,
temperature of extraction 60, time of extraction 1.5, CO2 flux of extraction 50±3.


Results and analysis

The available rates of allelochemicals under different
supercritical CO2 extraction conditions
Different extraction conditions had different effects on
the extraction effects of allelochemicals of Chinese-fir roots.
Among the extraction factors (Table 1), for the extraction
by pure CO2, pressure and temperature were the most
important factors, while for extraction by ethanol mixed
with CO2, pressure and CO2 flux became the most
important factors. Among the three kinds of allelochemicals
(non-polar, middle-polar, and polar allelochemicals), the
amount of non-polar allelochemicals extracted by pure CO2
was the largest.

Effect of allelochemicals extracted by pure CO2 on
seed germination
Experimental results showed that the allelochemicals
extracted by pure CO2 under different extraction conditions
had different effects on seed germination, and different
concentr ations of allelochemicals extracted under the
same extraction conditions, also had different effects on
seed germination (Table 2). The inhibitory effect of the
allelochemicals extracted under condition 1, 2, 4 and 7
(Table1) on seed germination was getting weak with the
increase of concentration. As for the three treatments in
concentration (50, 100, and 200 mg·kg-1), the 100 mg ·kg-1
allelochemicals extracted under the condition 3 and 6 and
200 mg·kg-1 allelochemicals extracted under the
conditions 5 and 8, showed the stronges t inhibitory effect
on seed germination The indic es of seed germination
showed different res ponses to the allelochemicals
extracted under different extraction conditions and to
different concentrations of allelochemicals. For example,
for the seeds treated with allelochemicals extracted under
condition 1, the absolute germination power, length of
plumular root, and length of plumular axis of seed had a
increasing trend, but the absolute ger mination rate, fresh
weight and dry weight showed a decreasing trend; for the
seeds treated with allelochemicals extracted under
condition 2, the absolute germination rate, absolute
germination power, plumular root length, plumular axis
length and fresh weight were stimulated, but the dry weight
was decreased.
Journal of Forestry Research, 14(2): 122-126 (2003) 124
Table 2. Effects of allelochemicals extracted by pure CO2 on germination of Chinese-fir seeds
Absolute germination
rate
Absolute germination
power
Plumular root length
Plumular axis
length
Fresh weight Dry weight
Component
Treatment
/mg·kg-1
RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t|
50 0.18 2.08 0.38 3.56 0.40 4.88* 0.30 3.76 -0.07 0.81 0.25 2.94
100 0.06 2.47 0.27 1.60 0.24 4.34* 0.03 2.43 0.02 0.65 0.19 2.30 1
200 -0.03 5.04* -0.12 6.86* 0.18 0.10 -0.01 0.33 -0.16 5.94* -0.12 7.77*
50 0.14 2.95 0.24 1.59 0.29 0.02 0.18 1.58 0.21 11.8** 0.26 2.29
100 0.09 3.41 0.23 0.28 0.28 5.61* 0.17 9.92* -0.12 5.81* 0.23 1.59 2
200 0.05 4.08 0.05 0.47 0.24 1.55 0.05 1.45 -0.09 0.41 0.22 3.05
50 0.18 5.65* 0.20 0.69 0.43 3.55 0.32 2.77 0.10 0.38 0.30 3.05
100 0.06 1.50 0.10 1.56 0.01 4.18 0.01 0.82 -0.08 0.23 0.12 3.36 3
200 0.17 4.95* 0.11 2.25 0.28 16.1** 0.09 1.60 0.03 3.96 0.17 1.44
50 0.07 0.72 0.05 0.25 0.36 7.19* 0.38 8.34* 0.16 2.16 0.22 4.72*
100 0.08 3.75 0.20 0.53 0.39 0.21 0.36 0.06 0.01 0.47 0.16 2.75 4
200 0.04 0.45 0.00 1.49 0.32 3.12 0.31 0.70 -0.16 4.39* 0.14 1.25
50 0.12 1.05 0.09 3.30 0.28 1.17 0.24 2.56 0.09 0.82 0.30 0.31
100 0.02 0.89 -0.26 3.69 0.20 2.76 0.01 7.32* -0.25 18.4** 0.16 8.00* 5
200 0.24 2.29 0.05 1.62 0.37 5.62* 0.23 5.15* 0.31 5.67* 0.26 1.10
50 0.20 2.45 0.53 10.6** 0.36 5.09* 0.26 27.7** 0.08 2.53 0.31 2.98
100 0.08 9.73* 0.21 9.73* 0.30 1.18 0.17 1.32 -0.14 0.99 0.12 2.44 6
200 0.14 0.55 0.30 0.01 0.27 1.68 0.16 1.43 0.34 1.77 0.25 0.30
50 -0.10 0.36 0.06 0.74 0.19 0.38 -0.05 0.11 -0.07 6.13* 0.02 0.23
100 0.04 3.11 -0.02 2.04 0.18 2.65 -0.07 2.91 -0.29 1.27 0.09 0.48 7
200 -0.19 1.82 -0.12 0.99 0.14 0.99 -0.08 0.80 -0.42 4.11 -0.09 0.00
50 0.04 2.91 -0.16 1.10 -0.03 2.37 0.17 1.35 -0.11 6.52* 0.00 4.10
100 -0.03 1.51 0.40 6.40* 0.15 1.37 -0.03 4.36* -0.04 0.10 0.00 1.66 8
200 -0.05 4.83* 0.23 1.86 0.26 0.24 0.17 2.17 -0.29 6.58* -0.05 10.4**
Note: The results are the mean value of 3 replicate. Value of RI is the sensitivity index of allelopathy put forward by Williamson: RI=1-C/T(T>C),
RI=T/C-1(T≤ C). C is the value of control. T is the value of treatment. RI>0 indicates stimulation, RI<0 indicates inhibition. The absolute value of RI
stands for the intensity of allelopathy (Williamson, 1988). * P<0.05, * * P <0.01, T0.05=4.303, T0.01=9.925. The following table is the same.

Effect of allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed
with CO2 on seed germination
Allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2
under different extraction conditions had different effects
on seed germination, and different concentration of
allelochemicals extracted at the same condition also had
different effects (Table 3). For the allelochemicals extracted
under the conditions 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, with the increase of
the concentration, their inhibitory effects on seed
germination got stronger, and those allelochemicals had
the stimulating effect at the low concentrations ( 50 and 100
mg·kg-1) but inhibiting effect at the high concentration (200
mg·kg-1) on seed germination of Chinese-fir. For the
allelochemicals extracted under the conditions 4 and 5, the
allelochemical with high concentration of 200 mg·kg-1 had
stimulating effect on seed germination, compared with low
concentr ations of 50 and 100 mg·kg- 1. In term of indices of
seed germination, different indices showed different
responses to allelochemicals extracted by different
conditions and different concentrations. For example, for
the seeds treated with 200 mg·kg-1 allelochemicals ,
extracted under the condition 1, the absolute germination
rate, absolute germination power, growth of plumular root,
fresh weight and dry weight were inhibited, but the growth
of plumular axis was stimulated.

Discussion

DeCandolle (1832) ascribed the problem of “soil
sickness” to the toxic exudates produced by crop plants.
Since then, much effort has been devoted to the evaluation
of root exudates as the source of allelochemicals.
McPherson and Thompson (1972) demonstrated that an
upland forest of Q. stellata and Q. marilandica suppressed
the growth of understory plants, and that one of the
causative factors might be allelochemicals produced by
their root and leaves. Frei et al (1972) found that the bark
of Q. peduncularis, Q. scytophylla and Q. magniliaefolia
contained toxic or inhibitory substances inhibiting the
growth of orchids. Gliessman (1978) reported that the
extracts of green leaves and freshly fallen leaves of Q.
eugeniaefolia were toxic to cucumber seedlings. Lodhi
(1978) reported that Q. alba, Q. borealis and some other
species of plants produced allelochemicals in their leaf
litter and soil under the tree. Our results showed that
allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by
supercritical CO2 extraction under different conditions had
different effects on the Chinese-fir germination.
LIN Si-zu et al. 125
It has been demonstrated that allelopathy play ed an
important role in the dominant growth of some plant
species and the formation of plant communities. Many tree
species have autointoxication. Cao (1994) reported that
aqueous extracts of tea plant stem, leaf, root had inhibitory
effect on the germinat ion and seedling growth of tea plant;
Du (1999) reported that exudates and extracts of
continuously cropped soybean had apparently inhibitory
effect on the growth and physiological activities of
second-batch seedling; Zhou (1997) reported that tomato
had an autotoxidity effect. In term of the study of
Chinese-fir autointoxication, Lin (1999) reported that
aqueous extracts from surface soil, leaf litter, half decaying
leaf litter, fresh leaf, branch, bark and root of Chinese fir
had inhibitory effect on seed germination of Ch inese fir.
Cao (2002b) reported the aqueous extracts of Chinese-fir
leaves had inhibitory effect on biomass of Chinese fir. In
this study, under different conditions of supercritical CO2
extraction, the allelochemicals extracted by ethano l mixed
with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed
germination of Chinese fir than that of extracted by pure
CO2.
Allelochemicals are mostly secondary metabolites.
These allolochemicals range from simple gases, aliphatic
compounds, to complex multiringed aromatic acids
including acetic and butyric acids, long chain fatty acids,
quinines, simple phenols, phenolic acids derived from
cinnamic and benzoic acids (Prasad 1997). As far as the
kinds of allelochemicals of Chinese fir were concerned,
many researcher reported that phenolic was
autointoxicational allelochemicals of Chinese-fir; Ch inese
fir roots had a higher content of phenolics than that of heart
stumps, and edge stumps ha d the least (Huang 2000a).
The phenolic was released during decomposition, and
accumulated in the soils around stump-roots (Huang
2000b) ; Ferulic acid and cinnamic acid had inhibitory
effects on seed germination of Chinese fir (Cao 2001). In
this study, identification of allelochemicals of Chinese-fir
roots will be further studied.

Table 3. Effects of allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 on germination of Chinese-fir seeds
Absolute germination
rate
Absolute germination
power
Plumular root
length
Plumular axis
length
Fresh weight Dry weight Compo
nent
Treatment
/mg·kg-1
RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t| RI |t|
50 0.11 6.13* 0.17 1.45 0.29 5.21* 0.29 5.45* 0.04 0.34 0.03 0.54
100 0.08 4.50* 0.20 1.62 0.38 1.24 0.32 0.09 0.00 7.02* 0.03 1.94 1
200 -0.02 2.60 -0.08 3.87 -0.32 1.50 0.19 1.65 -0.13 1.39 -0.07 0.72
50 0.17 2.25 0.37 5.13* 0.33 1.16 0.32 4.54* -0.02 0.57 0.06 1.00
100 0.10 0.38 -0.13 7.98* 0.40 0.46 0.30 0.04 -0.07 0.48 -0.11 1.02 2
200 -0.16 0.28 0.03 8.79* -0.19 3.50 0.42 5.87* -0.25 4.99* -0.21 4.26
50 0.19 18.3** 0.16 0.25 0.43 2.79 0.34 1.55 -0.11 2.26 0.02 1.95
100 0.04 3.24 0.09 1.05 0.38 1.90 0.34 3.63 -0.06 0.50 -0.04 0.00 3
200 0.06 1.21 0.12 0.28 -0.19 4.47* -0.15 0.70 -0.07 1.10 -0.06 1.33
50 -0.05 12.9** -0.16 4.25 0.30 1.18 0.33 0.38 -0.19 1.03 -0.16 3.61
100 -0.06 0.91 -0.14 0.25 0.31 1.11 0.33 1.19 -0.28 1.11 -0.08 1.52 4
200 0.07 1.55 -0.15 0.74 -0.24 1.16 0.16 4.26 -0.16 21.9** -0.03 2.98
50 -0.13 8.52* -0.12 1.07 0.23 0.18 0.34 3.01 -0.27 1.78 -0.04 0.80
100 -0.14 0.40 0.01 0.81 0.29 2.24 0.30 1.73 -0.25 0.44 -0.18 2.19 5
200 -0.02 15.7** -0.10 1.76 -0.33 1.43 0.27 0.08 -0.08 5.99* -0.10 5.00*
50 0.12 2.56 0.29 2.49 0.24 1.19 0.20 2.27 -0.16 0.13 0.16 6.11*
100 0.13 3.68 0.16 4.49* 0.29 1.56 0.28 1.32 -0.17 1.08 -0.05 3.46 6
200 -0.04 0.43 -0.10 1.70 0.36 0.53 -0.15 0.78 -0.09 0.10 -0.01 0.28
50 0.15 3.25 0.07 1.45 0.30 3.23 0.30 2.16 0.02 2.90 0.06 2.56
100 0.00 0.18 0.14 2.27 0.07 3.40 0.19 6.34* -0.30 1.29 -0.09 0.00 7
200 -0.15 0.11 0.22 1.01 0.20 2.13 0.20 0.48 -0.24 1.19 0.00 1.32
50 0.00 1.12 0.13 0.24 0.17 7.12** 0.28 20.4** 0.04 1.20 -0.02 1.44
100 0.06 8.88** 0.15 0.30 0.37 2.45 0.35 1.42 0.14 1.77 0.16 0.23 8
200 0.09 0.06 -0.25 0.79 -0.05 3.54 0.14 4.49* -0.07 2.08 -0.01 5.00*


Acknowledgement

Apparatus of Supercritical CO2 extraction was offered by
Material Engineering College of Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University. We’d like to thank Vice-professor
Huang Biao and lecturer Huang Xiaodong, who gave great
help during extraction of allelopachemicals of Ch inese-fir
root.

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Chinese Abstracts iii

《林业研究》（英文版）2003年第 14卷第 2期
中文摘要
(Chinese abstracts attached to Journal of Forestry
Research, Vol. 14, No.2 (2003))


03-02-001
中国东北地区黄卷蛾族研究（卷蛾科: 卷蛾亚科）/边凤奎(韩国国立
树木园，京畿道， 487-821, 韩国 )，严善春，李成德 (东北林业大学，
哈尔滨150040，中国)// Journal of Forestry Research.-2003,14(2):
93-102.
本文对中国东北地区卷蛾科黄卷蛾族区系进行了系统研究，共记
述 了 该 族 内 的 54个 种 ， 包 括 2个 中 国 新 记 录 种 ： Archips viola
Falkovitsh 和 Choristoneura evanidana (Kennel)，5个东北地区
新 记 录 种 ： Archips dichotomus Falkovitsh， Archips similis
(Butler) ， Argyrotaenia angustilineata (Walsingham) ，
Choristoneura longicellana (Walsingham)以及 Gnorismoneura
orientis (Filipjev)，同时还列出了包括寄主植物、分布以及生物学等
方面的资料。图 10参 20。
关键词：分类；鳞翅目；卷蛾科；黄卷蛾族；中国东北

03-02-002
不同起源沙地樟子松林结构与生长比较研究 /朱教君，范志平，曾德
慧，姜凤岐（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016），
MATSUZAKI Takeshi（日本国立新泻大学农学部，新泻 950 -2181，
日本）//Journal of Forestry Research.-2003, 14(2): 103-111.
樟子松已成为三北沙区防护林主要乔木造林树种，但是，最早于
20世纪 50年代在科尔沁沙地引种的沙地樟子松却出现了生长衰退、
枯梢直至死亡的现象，而天然状态的樟子松在该阶段却正处于旺盛生
长期。为了比较沙地人工樟子松林与天然林的林分结构、生长特点及
所处立地的生态因子的异同，对辽宁省彰武县章古台（最早引种沙地
樟子松区）和内蒙古自治区红花尔基（天然樟子松分布区）的樟子松
林进行了综合调查。结果表明，Weibull 分布函数可较好地模拟人工
林树木直径分布，正态分布函数可用于模拟天然林树木直径分布。基
于树干解析的树木生长模型 (Chapman-Richards)分析，人工林胸
径、树高与材积的相对生长率与平均生长率的最大值比天然林分别提
早 11、22年，6、18年和 35、59年。人工林材积的生长加速度高峰
值出现在 1 4 年，而天然林则出现在 3 3 年；人工林的数量成熟龄为
43 年，天然林为 102 年；因此，可以推断天然林的寿命比人工林要
长近 60年。这一结果可以归纳为以下综合作用：1）两种起源地生态
因子的巨大的差异，主要包括：人工林区的纬度、平均气温、降水量、
蒸发量、海拨高度等较天然林区高； 2）人工林的林分密度较天然林
大； 3）人工林区的干扰强度较天然林强。图 4表 6 参 23。
关键词：樟子松；沙地；比较；生长模型；林分结构

03-02-003
大气 CO2倍增对长白山不同树种的苗木的影响 /王淼（中国科学院沈阳
应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016，中国），李秋荣 (沈阳工业大学，沈
阳 110029)，代力民，姬兰柱（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈
阳 110016 ） //Journal of Forestry Research.-2003, 14(2):
112-116.
组成长白山阔叶红松林的主要树种红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、
白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的幼树，盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节
CO2 浓度为 700 µmol·mol-1、400 µmol·mol-1 的气室内两个生长季
（1998-1999），以生长在 400 µmol·mol-1下的幼树为对照组。研究
结果表明：高 CO2浓度下生长的红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、
椴树、水曲柳和色木的高生长比对照组的幼树提高 10%~ 40%。水分
利用效率均有不同程度的提高，但不同树种叶绿素含量和蒸腾速率对
高 CO2浓度反应不一。长期高 CO2浓度环境下生长的阔叶树对大气
CO2浓度升高反应较针叶树敏感，供试 8个 树种对 CO2浓度的升高均
发生光合驯化现象。图 2 表 2参 24。
关键词：大气 CO2 倍增；生理生态反应；长白山

03-02-004
长白山北坡主要建群种种群结构及重要值沿海拔梯度的变化 /姜萍 (北
京林业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100080，中国 )，叶吉，郝占庆(中
国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016，中国 )， 邓红兵 (中国
科 学 院 生 态 环 境 研 究 中 心 , 北 京 100085， 中 国 ) //Journal of
Forestry Research.-2003,14(2): 117-121.
在 长 白 山 北 坡 海 拔 7 0 0 m 至 1300m ， 海 拔 每 上 升 100m
设 置 一 样 地 ， 共 计 1 3 个 海 拔 梯 度 ， 研 究 主要建群种种群结构
及重要值沿海拔梯度的变化。结果表明：除落叶松之外，其它树种在
其核心分布区更新良好，均表现出一个健康发展种群的结构特征。落
叶松的重要值沿海拔梯度变化不明显，表现出沿海 拔 梯度很强的适应
性。随着海拔的上升，进入主林层的树种越来越少， 海拔高于 1800m
时, 岳桦是唯一可以成为建群种的树种，形成了单优势种群落。红松
和色木的重要值沿海拔梯度表现出相似的变化规律，表明二者有近的
生态适应性。图 2 表 1参 10。
关键词： 建群种；种群；重要值；结构；海拔梯度；长白山

03-02-005
超临界 CO2萃取杉木根化感物质对杉木的化感效应/林思祖，曹光球（福
建农林大学林学院，福建 南平 353001，中国），杜玲（内蒙古师范
大学，呼和浩特 010020），王爱萍（福建农林大学林学院，福建 南
平 353001） //Journal of Forestry Research.-2003, 14(2):
122-126.
采用正交试验及超临界 CO2流体萃取技术萃取杉木根化感物质，
并通过杉木种子发芽试验进行杉木根化感物质对杉木的化感作用进
行评价。结果表明：就化感物质萃取得率而言，在众多萃取因素当中，
萃取压力和萃取温度是两个最主要的因素；经纯 CO2及乙醇和 CO2
混和萃取的杉木根化感物质对杉木存在不同的化感效应，其中经乙醇
和 CO2 混和萃取的杉木根化感物质对杉木种子发芽的抑制效应强于

Chinese Abstracts iii
纯 CO2萃取的化感物质。表 3 参 20。
关键词：杉木；自毒作用；超临界 CO2萃取；生物评价

03-02-006
几种经济林树种根系分泌物主要成分的 GC-MS分析 /孙浩元，王玉柱，
杨丽（北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所，北京 100093,中 国 ）
//Journal of Forestry Research.-2003,14(2): 127-129.
本研究采用盆栽栽培技术，对包括板栗、杏、柿子、桃、核桃、
梨和苹果等 7个经济林树种的根系分泌物进行提取和分离，通过色谱
/质谱（GC-MS）分析方法对其主要成分进行了检测。按照“中国环
境优先污染物黑名单”和美国环保署标准，检测到的 200 余种有机分
泌物中有 3种属于优先控制污染物，即萘、二甲苯和邻苯二甲酸二丁
酯。研究结果为密云水库上游水源保护区内选择适宜发展的低污染经
济林树种提供了参考依据。图 1表 2参 11。
关键词：经济林；根系分泌物；成分

03-02-007
温度对大叶桃花心木（ Swietenia macrophylla King）幼苗叶片的光
合影响/张成军（东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室，哈
尔 滨 150040， 中 国 ）， Carlos Henrique B. de A. Prado
（ Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany,
Federal University of Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil），祖元
刚 （ 东 北 林 业 大 学 森 林 植 物 生 态 学 教 育 部 重 点 实 验 室 ， 哈 尔 滨
150040，中国）， 郭 佳 秋(哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院，哈尔滨
150086， 中 国 )，Carlos Cesar Ronquim，Leonnardo Lopes
Ferreira （ Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of
Botany, Federal University of Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905,
Brazil） //Journal of Forestry Research.-2003,14(2): 130-134.
本文研究了大叶桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King）一
年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的 光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的 CO2 反
应曲线。结果表明：在大气 CO2浓度下，叶片的最佳光合作用温度在
25-31℃之间，而在饱和 CO2浓度下为 31-35℃。在 25℃以下光合速
率开始降低，主要是由于羧化效率的降低，而当温度超过 31℃时，光
合速率下降，是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加。 CO2浓度对
光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制，这意味着未来在 CO2浓度增高的
情况下，高浓度的 CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下
表现不十分明显。图 4 参 23。
关键词：表观量子产量；羧化效率；CO2诱导；大叶桃化心木；叶片
温度

03-02-008
京郊农田防护林景观生态评价 — —以北京大兴县北藏乡为例 /李春平，
关文彬，范秀珍，赵廷宁，陈建刚，孙保平 (北京林业大学水土保持部
级 重 点 实 验 室 ， 北 京 100083 ， 中 国 ) //Journal of Forestry
Research.-2003,14(2): 135-140.
以北京市大兴县北藏乡为例，根据防护林学和景观生态学的原
理，结合野外调查与地理信息系统 Citystar 和遥感等技术，从林带和
林网两个尺度对防护林体系的布局和结构的合理性进行分析和评价。
结果表明：该乡主林带过窄，宽度是 3-12m；副林带过宽，宽度是
3-27.1m，树种较单一；整个景观布局不够合理。建议更新时应考虑
多种适宜树种混交 , 加宽主林带，适当减少副林带的宽度 ,应采用中间
乔木两侧配用灌木的混交方式。建议更新或改造后的林网景观结构应
为：闭合网格数应达到 13个/km2，最少林带条数应达到 34条/km2。
实践证实，利用景观生态学原理，结合 GIS 和遥感技术为进行农田防
护林网景观结构的改造提供了有效的方法。表 6 参 14。
关键词：北京；防护林；林带结构；生态景观；评价

03-02-009
FORESTAR:东北地区多目标森林经营的决策支持系统/邵国凡，代力民，
李英善（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳市文化路 72 号
110015），刘永敏（国家林业局天然林保护管理中心，北京市 100714），
柏广新（延边朝鲜族自治州林业管理局，吉林省延吉市 133001）
//Journal of Forestry Research.-2003,14(2):141-145.
我国林业过去曾经实行过大砍大造的方针，导致全国范围的生
态灾难和林 区的经济困境。当前正在实施的天然林保护工程和退耕
焕还林工程是在我国山地森林应用生态系统管理的良好时机。针对
长白山地区天然林的保护与经营，我们建立了一个决策支持系统，
简称为 FORESTAR。它是以林业局为单位、用 GIS 框架下的森林
资源清查数据建立的。最初的版本包括两个子模块：森林采伐设计
和森林恢复经营。在每个子模块下，用户可以比较各种决策条件下
的效果，以便从中选优。这个决策支持系统可以用来帮助各级林业
工作者实现上下一致的、多目标的森林经营管理规划。图 2 参 17。
关键词：林业可持续发展；生态系统管理；中国林业政策；决策支
持系统；温带混交林

03-02-010
生态系统健康：战略环境评价的生态可持续性目标 /陈昆玉（西安交通
大 学 管 理 学 院 ， 西 安 710049， 中 国 ） //Journal of Forestry
Research.-2003, 14(2): 146-150.
战略环境评价与生态系统健康是两种新兴的环境管理思想。本研
究的目的在于通过对相关文献进行综述，探讨战略环境评价的生态可
持续性目标，以及生态系统健康的内涵，并试图探寻二者之间存在的
关联。研究发现，好的战略环境评价其生态可持续性原则应当具有明
晰的内涵以及一般性的评价体系。根据生态系统健康的内涵，构建了
生态系统健康评价框架，把它引入战略环境评价作为战略环境评价的
生态可持续性目标定位，能有效引导决策者制定合理的本土化评价方
案。最后，讨论了基于生态系统健康目标的战略环境评价的基本原则
与程序。图 2参 12。
关键词：环境影响评价；战略环境评价；生态系统健康

03-02-011
中国广东红树林资源现状与保护对策 /韩维栋（湛江海洋大学园林系，
湛江 524088，中国）//Journal of Forestry Research.-2003,14(2):
151-154.
根据 2001年对广东省红树林资源现状调查和作者过去 5年的野
外调查结果，中国广东有 9084.0 hm2成熟红树林分布于其沿海 100
余处，占中国该类型红树林面积的 41.4%，由 28科 50种树种组成，
其中以白骨壤群落最占优势。各红树林群落多呈高密度而低矮群落外
貌，如林地森林覆盖率大于 0.7 的红树林林地面积占全省红树林面积
的 68.0%；树木高度低于 2 m 的红树林群落面积是全省红树林面积的
77.8%。1950 以来，农田围垦、水产养殖池和城市扩建等原因使原有
的 54.6%的红树林面积消失。本文提出当前红树林保护力量仍然薄
弱，必须采取有力保护管理措施，加强立法、科研与保护宣传，让当
地居民参与红树林保护管理事务的决策。表 5参 11。
关键词：广东；红树林；资源现状；保护


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