全 文 ：米碎花种子繁殖正交试验模糊
分析
叶耀雄，黄倩琳，翟 欣，周永东，叶永昌 * （东莞
市林业科学研究所，广东东莞 523106）
摘 要 采用正交试验的模糊分析方法研究
了不同播种深度，浸种时间，光照强度以及培
养土等因素对米碎花（Euryachinensis）播种发
芽率的影响。 结果表明: 米碎花播种育苗以浸
种时间影响最大，其余依次为光照强度、播种
深度和培养土;以混合土为培养土、浸种 48 h、
播在表土、盖 1 层遮阳网的发芽率最高。
关键词 米碎花；种子繁殖；正交试验；模糊分析
基金项目 广东省农业科技计划项目 （编号:
2005-15）。
作者简介 叶耀雄（1970－），男，广东东莞人，
硕士，高级农艺师，从事园艺方面研究，E-mail：
dglks@163．com。 * 通讯作者。
收稿日期 2015-05-28
修回日期 2015-07-25
Fuzzy Analysis Method for Orthogonal Test on
Seed Propagation of Eurya chinensis
Yaoxiong YE, Qianlin HUANG, Xin ZHAI, Yongdong ZHOU, Yongchang YE*
Dongguan Institute of Forestry Science, Dongguan 523106, China
Supported by Project of Forestry Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province
(2005-15)．
*Corresponding author. E-mail: dglks@163.com
Received: May 28, 2015 Accepted: July 25, 2015A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2015, 16(8): 1639-1642
Copyright訫 2015, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Agronomy and Horticultrue
E urya chinensis belongs to Eurya and Theaceae, and origi-nates in Guangdong, Jiangxi,
Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi and Hunan. It
grows on barren mountains, bush-
wood, forest edge, river bank and
wayside at an altitude below 800 m. It
also distributes in Vietnam, Myanmar,
India , Sri Lanka and Indonesia [ 1 ] . It
widely distributes in sunny hills and
bushwood of Guangdong [2 -3 ] . Eurya
chinensis has an extensive use and
the whole plant can be used as
medicine including the effect of clear-
ing away heat and toxic materials, de-
humidification and closing sores. It can
cure burn, scald and crusted tetter
when used externally[4]. The flower of
Eurya chinensis is one of the impor
tant nectar sources for bee in late
autumn[5]. The branches and leaves of
Eurya chinensis can be used to make
tea after drying[6].
Seed propagation can save
labour forces and costs needed by
seedling and transplanting, and the
viability of seedlings is strong[7]. How-
ever, there is little Eurya chinensis
seeds can geminate and grow under
natural condition. Orthogonal test is
commonly used for the design and ar-
rangement of test, which can decrease
test times and make sure of objective
and correct results[8]. Partial represen-
tative points are selected from com
prehensive test for test based on
orthogonality. Orthogonal test is an ef-
ficient, fast and economic experimen-
tal design method. Currently, compre-
hensive scoring method and integrat-
ed balance method are commonly
used for the result analysis of multi-
in dex orthogonal test but the analysis
result is not reliable[9]. Fuzzy mathe-
matical method has been widely used
in many fields to resolve engineering
problems since Zadeh [10] firstly pub-
lished correlative papers of fuzzy
mathematics in 1965. In recent years,
correlation methods of fuzzy mathe-
matics have been gradually used in
multi-index or thogonal test to ana
lyze the multi - in dexes system of
orthogonal test [11 - 12]. Fuzzy analysis
method of orthogonal test was used in
this test to study the effects of sowing
depth, seed soaking time, illumination
intensity and substrate on the sowing
propagation of Eurya chinensis, and
thus to discuss the suitable condition
for sowing propagation of Eurya chi-
nensis and provide scientific basis for
Abstract Fuzzy analysis method for orthogonal test was used to study the effect of
different sowing depth, seed soaking time, illumination intensity and culture soil on
the seed germination rate of Eurya chinensis. The results showed that the effect of
seed soaking time on the sowing and seedling of Eurya chinensis was the biggest,
and the others were illumination intensity, sowing depth and culture soil. The germi-
nation rate was the highest when composite soil was used as culture soil and
seeds were soaked for 48 h and sowed in topsoil, and a layer of sunshade net
was used.
Key words Eurya chinensis; Seed propagation; Orthogonal test; Fuzzy analysis
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2015.08.017
Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
Table 1 L9 (34) orthogonal design experiment table for seed reproduction of Eurya chinensis
Serial number 1 2 3 4
Germination rateA1 A2 A3 A4
(Sowing depth of) (Seed soaking time) (Illumination intensity) (Culture soil)
1 Soil surface 0 Two layers of sunshade net Silver sand 0.074
2 Soil surface 24 Three layers of sunshade net Red soil 0.120
3 Soil surface 48 One layer of sunshade net Composite soil 0.574
4 0.5 cm 0 Three layers of sunshade net Composite soil 0.074
5 0.5 cm 24 One layer of sunshade net Silver sand 0.100
6 0.5 cm 48 Two layers of sunshade net Red soil 0.266
7 1 cm 0 One layer of sunshade net Red soil 0.114
8 1 cm 24 Two layers of sunshade net Composite soil 0.074
9 1 cm 48 Three layers of sunshade net Silver sand 0.340
K1 0.768 0.262 0.414 0.514 T=1.736
K2 0.440 0.294 0.534 0.500
K3 0.528 1.180 0.788 0.722
k1 0.256 0.087 0.138 0.171
k2 0.147 0.098 0.178 0.167
k3 0.176 0.393 0.263 0.241
Test number
the preservation, exploitation and uti-
lization of germplasm.
Materials and Methods
Test materials
Mature Eurya chinensis seeds
harvested in Dongguan Forestry Sci-
ence Park were used as test materials.
Local fine yellow sand and red soil
were used as culture soil in seedbed.
Sunshade net of two needle produced
in Guangzhou with a shading rate of
70% was used in the test. Local tap
water was used for seed soaking.
Test methods
Test design Orthogonal test design
method was used in the test and L9 (34)
orthogonal table was used to arrange
the test (Table 1), and the test was re-
peated three times. Sowing depth A1,
seed soaking time A2, illumination
intensity A3 and culture soil A4 were
experimental factors. Three levels
were selected for each factor . A1
included soil surface , 0 . 5 cm and
1 cm. A2 included 0 h, 24 h and 48 h.
A3 included a layer of sunshade net,
two layers of sunshade net and three
layers of sunshade net. A4 included sil-
ver sand, red soil and composite soil.
Test date Seeds of Eurya chinensis
were sowed immediately after the
seeds were extracted from fruits,
washed and dried on November 29,
2012.
Seedbed treatment A 3 m long, 1 m
wide and 0.15 m height seedbed was
constructed on the flat field of nursery
garden with red bricks and the
seedbed was uniformly divided into
three-section. The first section was
filled with local fine yellow sand. The
second section was filled with red soil
and the third section was filled with
composite soil. One thousand times
solution of 10% thiophanate methyl
was sprayed for soil sterilization.
Seed treatment Starlatine seeds
were selected and divided into 27
portions, and each portion contained
100 seeds. Seeds were soaked with
clear water and sowed in seedbed ac-
cording to the design requirements in
Table 1. The seedbed was immedi-
ately drenched through with water
after sowing.
Final-period management Seed-
bed management referred to the nurs-
ery management method of Pan[13] and
germination rate was investigated
three months later.
Results and Analysis
L9 (34) orthogonal table was used
to arrange the test and the average
results were shown in Table 1. Germi-
nation rate of each test was expressed
as a percentage according to the
analysis method of Xu [14] and Zhao[15].
The average germination rate aij (0 ≤
aij≤1) of Aij, factor Ai (i=1, 2, 3, 4) on
the level of j (j=1, 2, 3, 4), could be re-
garded as influence degree of mem-
bership degree of “high germination
rate” on the improvement of germina-
tion rate. Ai was also a fuzzy set de-
fined in domain of discourse Xi with re-
spect to the average germination rate
(ai1, ai2, ai3) of each level. Therefore,
A1=(0.256, 0.146, 0.176); A2= (0.088,
0.098, 0.394);A3= (0.138, 0.178, 0.262);
A4=(0.172, 0.166, 0.240) were the fuzzy
subsets (fuzzy vectors) of x1, x2, x3 and
x4, respectively. The height of fuzzy
subset A1, hgtA1 was 0.256, while
hgtA2 = 0.394, hgtA3 = 0.262, hgtA4 =
0.240 and hgtA2>hgtA3>hgtA1>hgtA4.
Therefore, the effects of various
factors on the germination rate of Eu-
rya chinensis were different. Effect of
seed soaking time reached 0.394,
which was the biggest, and the others
were illumination, sowing depth and
culture soil.
In order to analyze the effect of
random collocation with various levels
of two factors in the orthogonal test on
survival rate of cottage of Eurya chi-
nensis, cartesian product was con-
ducted between each two of the fuzzy
vectors A1, A2, A3 and A4[16]:
1640
Agricultural Science & Technology2015
Ri (i=1, 2, 3, 4) is the fuzzy relation
on the domain of discourse of Xi × Xi+1
and Ri =(r ijk). r ijk= aij∧ a(i+1) k, which in-
dicated the associative influence on
the germination rate of Eurya chinen-
sis when Ai on the level of j was collo-
cated with Ai+1 on the level of k.
In order to analyze the effect on
the germination rate when one factor
on one level collocated with other fac-
tors of different levels, the projection of
R1 in X1 was supposed as a fuzzy sub-
set of X1 and recorded as R1x1, and the
membership function was defined as
μR1x1(x1) 劬 x1∈x1μR1(x1, x2). The pro-
jection of R1 in X2 was supposed as a
fuzzy subset of X2 and the member-
ship function was defined as μR2x2(x2)劬
x2∈x2μR2(x2, x2). Projection represented
the line peak (R1, X1) and column peak
(R1, X2) of fuzzy relation matrix. There-
fore, the projection of R1, R2, R3 and R4
in x1, x2, x3 and x4 were shown as fol-
lows:
μR1x1 (x1)=(A11A23, A12A23, A13A23)r=
(0.256, 0.146, 0.176)r
μR1x2 (x2) = (A11A23, A11A22, A11A21) =
(0.256, 0.098, 0.088)
R1 was the associative influence
of sowing depth and seed soaking
time on seed germination rate. It could
be concluded that the effect on germi-
nation rate was the best when seeds
were soked for 48 h and sowed in sur-
face layer (A11A23) if only this two fac-
tors were considered, and the value
reached 0.256.
μR2x2 (x2) = (A21A33, A22A33, A23A33)r =
(0.088, 0.098, 0.262)r
μR2x3 (x3) = (A23A31, A23A32, A23A33) =
(0.138, 0.178, 0.262)
R2 was the associative influence
of seed soaking time and illumination
on seed germination rate. It could be
seen that the effect on germination
rate was the best when seeds were
soked for 48 h and a layer of sunshade
net was used if only this two factors
were considered, and the value
reached 0.262.
μR3x3 (x3) = (A31A41, A32A42, A33A43)r =
(0.138, 0.178, 0.240)r
μR3x4 (x4) = (A33A41, A33A42, A33A43) =
(0.172, 0.166, 0.240)
R3 was the associative influence
of illumination and culture soil on seed
germination rate. It could be seen that
the effect on germination rate was the
best when composite soil and a layer
of sunshade net was used if only this
two factors were considered, and the
value reached 0.240.
μR4x4 (x4)=(A41A11, A42A11, A43A11)r=
(0.172,0.166, 0.240)r
μR4x1 (x1) = (A43A13, A43A12, A43A11) =
(0.176,0.146, 0.240)
R4 was the associative influence
of culture soil and sowing depth on
seed germination rate. It could be seen
that the effect on germination rate was
the best when composite soil was
used and seeds were sowed in sur-
face layer if only this two factors were
taken into account, and the value
reached 0.240.
In order to analyze the effect of
collocations between various levels of
all the factors on germination rate,
cartesian product of the four Fuzzy
vectors, A1, A2, A3 and A4, was defined
as follows:
A1× A2× A3× A4劬∫ x1× x2× x3× x4
min (a1i, a2j, a3k, a4n)
(A1i, A2j, A3k, A4n)
Therefore, the membership de-
gree of (A11, A23, A33, A43) about Fuzzy
set A1×A2×A3×A4 was 0.256∧0.394∧
0262∧0.240= 0.240, which indicated
that the associative influence was
0.240 when seeds were soaked with
clean water for 48 h and sowed in the
surface layer of composite soil, and a
layer of sunshade net was used.
Therefore, this combination was the
best combination.
Conclusion and Discussion
The germination rate was the
highest when seeds were soaked with
clean water for 48 h and sowed in the
surface layer of composite soil, and
seedbed was covered with a layer of
sunshade net. The test result was re-
stricted by chimate, quality of mud and
sand, seed maturity, etc. Whether it is
suitable for other places or Theaceae
varieties needs to be further verified.
Comprehensive influences of four
common factors including culture soil,
seed soaking time, sowing depth and
sunshade net on the germination rate
of Eurya chinensis were studied in the
test. The effects of other factors were
not studied because of the restricted
conditions. Fan et al.[17] studied the ef-
fect of different treatments on seed
germination of Rhododendron irrora-
tum and found that the germination
rate could be significantly increased
when gibberellin was used. Chen et
al. [18] studied the seedling techneques
of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
and found that the development and
germination of embryo were closely
related with temperature. Liu et al. [19]
found that the ripening time could be
shortened and the germination rate
could be significantly improved when
the seeds of Ilex kudingcha were
soaked in sucrose solution. Whether
these factors have influence on the
nursery of Eurya chinensis needs to
be further discussed and studied.
References
[1] ZHEN WJ(郑万钧). China Sylva(中国树
A1×A2=
0.256∧0.088 0.256∧0.098 0.256∧0.394
0.146∧0.088 0.146∧0.098 0.146∧0.394
0.256∧0.088 0.176∧0.098 0.176∧0.394
∧ ∧= 0.088 0.098 0.2560.088 0.098 0.146
0.088 0.098 0.17
∧
∧
∧
∧
∧
∧6
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A2×A3=
0.088∧0.138 0.088∧0.178 0.088∧0.394
0.098∧0.138 0.098∧0.178 0.098∧0.394
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∧
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∧
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∧
∧
∧
∧
∧
∧2
=R4
1641
Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
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