全 文 ：Chemical Composition Analysis of Volatile Oil in
Veronica laxa
ZHANG Ren-bo * ，DOU Quan-li
Biology Department of Zunyi Normal University，Zunyi，Guizhou 563002，China
Abstract ［Objective］The aim was to analyze the chemical composition of Vernoica laxa and provide references for the comprehensive develop-
ment and utilization of Veronica plant resources． ［Method］By using steam distillation method，volatile oil was extracted． The chemical composition
of volatile oil in V． laxa was analyzed with GC-MS technology．［Result］49 kinds of compounds were identified in the volatile oil of V． laxa，account-
ing for 92． 827%． There were 17 kinds of compounds whose relative contents were over 1%，including hexadecanoic acid (8． 236%) ，phthalic acid
ewter (4． 865%) ，linolenic acid methylester (2． 421%) ，myristic acid (1． 067%)and so on． ［Conclusion］Volatile oil in Veronica plant resources
could be used as the raw material of fine chemical industry．
Key words Vernoica laxa;Volatile oil;GC-MS;Chemical composition;China
Received:November 30，2009 Accepted:December 25，2009
Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Prov-
ince(J-2009-2104)．
* Corresponding author． E-mail:ddzrb@126． com
There are around 250 plants species of Vernoica genus，
Scrophulariaceae family． They could be seen in the whole
world，especially in the Eurasia． In China，there are more than
60 plants species，mainly distributed in the southwestern
mountains［1］． In the Vernoica genus，some are the exotic
weeds，such as V． hederifolia and V． persica;and some
plants species contain pharmacological components． For exam-
ple，the diterpenes compound of V． sibirica has the function of
anticancer activity［2］． The methanol and chloroform extracts
from these plants species have the inhibitory action towards the
cancer KB cell and B 16 cell，and the phenethyl alcohol extract
has the action mechanism of antitumor，anti-infection and anti-
kidey inflammation．
V． laxa is a common Vernoica plant species in Guizhou
Province． At present，there are no reports on the research of
the volatile oil in the Vernoica plants species． In order to have a
knowledge of the volatile oil components of these plants spe-
cies，the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrum is
adopted，and the chemical components of these volatile oil are
analyzed，in order to provide references for the comprehensive
utilization and development of the Vernoica plants species in
Guizhou Province．
1 Materials and methods
1．1 Materials The Vernoica laxa with roots were collected
from the Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve in Suiyang
County，Zunyi City，Guizhou Province in May，2009 (the
voucher specimen was placed in the herbariu of Biology Depart-
ment in Zunyi Normal University)．
1． 2 Instruments HP6890 /5975C GC/MS(from Agilent
Technologies Company in America)．
1． 3 Methods
1．3． 1 Pretreatment of materials． The common wet distillation
method was adopted to get the distilled volatile oil［4］． The distil-
ments were combined and added with NaCl，and the solution
was stirred to get a saturation state． Then it was extracted by
the analytical reagent ethyl ether for three times，and the ethyl
ether extracts was added with anhydrous sodium sulfate for de-
hydration． And the ethyl ether was removed by rotatory evapo-
rator，finally the volatile oil was obtained［5］． The volatile oil was
sealed and placed in the refrigerator． The sample was sent to
the Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of
Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences in
Guizhou Province for the GC-MS analysis．
1． 3． 2 Working conditions of GC/MS． The chromatographic
column was HP-5MS 5% Phenyl Methyl Siloxane(30 m ×0．25
mm ×0．25 μm)elastic quartz capillary，which was retained for
2 min at a column temperature of 50 ℃ and reached 300 ℃ at
the speed of 5 ℃ /min，then it was retained for 5 min． The va-
porizer temperature was 250 ℃，the carrier gas was high-purity
He(99．999%) ，the pre-column pressure was 52．540 kPa，the
carrier gas flow rate was 1． 0 ml /min，the sample injection
amount was 1 μl，the split ratio was 20 ∶1，the solvent delay
time was 4 min，the ion source was EI source，the ion source
temperature was 230 ℃， the forth stage perch /quadrupole
mass temperature was 150 ℃，the electron energy was 70 eV，
the emission current was 34． 6 μA，the multiplier voltage was
1 037 V，the connector temperature was 280 ℃，and the quali-
ty range was 20 －550 amu．
1． 3． 3 Method of qualitative analysis． It was identified by the
combination of Nist05 mass chromatogram and Wi-ley275 mass
chromatogram．
1． 3． 4 Method of quantitative analysis． Through HPMSD
chemical work station data processing system，the quantitative
analysis was made according to the peak area normalization
method． Then the relative contents of the chemical components
contained in the volatile oil of V． laxa．
Responsible editor:Xia Jing Responsible translator:Li PingpingMedicinal Plant /药用植物研究 2010，1(1):18 －20，31
2 Results and analysis
Through the GC-MS analysis of the volatile oil of V． laxa，
49 chemical components were obtained． Table 1 shows the
components analysis，and Fig． 1 shows the total ion current
map of the volatile oil．
2． 1 Qualitative analysis In the 49 chemical components，
alkanes had the most species number(23) ，from heneicosane
to tetratriacontane and H-decatyl-heneicosane;the next was
acids(8) ，including hexadecanoic acid，myristic acid and stear-
ic acid． In addition， there was lipoid，ketone，aldehydes，
amine， terpene，heterocyclic compound，alcohols，phenols
and olefins．
2． 2 Quantitative analysis The relative contents of the iden-
tified 49 chemical components accounted for 92． 827% of the
total volatile oil， in which the higher content was alkanes
(70．231%)and acids(12．332%)． In terms of single chemical
component，the following ones contained the higher contents:
various alkanes(there were seven alkanes whose relative con-
tents were more than 5%) ，hexadecanoic acid(8．236%) ，dib-
utyl phthalate(4． 865%) ，linolenic acid formic ester(2． 421%)
and myristic acid(1．067%)． And there were 17 chemical com-
ponents whose relative contents were more than 1%．
Fig． 1 GC-MS total chromtogram of the volatile oil in Ver-
noica laxa
Table 1 The volatile constituents in Vernoica laxa
Peak
No．
Retention
time∥min
Compounds
Molecular
formula
Molecular
weight
Relative
content∥%
1 8．00 Benzaldehyde C7H6O 106 0． 043
2 8． 60 Aniline C6H7N 93 0． 134
3 10． 46 Hyacinthin C8H8O 120 0． 048
4 14． 19 1，6，6-trimethyl-Cyclohexene1，6，3-3methyl-cyclohexene C9H16 124 0． 058
5 16． 68 β-Cyclohomocitralβ-homocyclocitral C11H18O 166 0． 020
6 18． 36 4-vinyl-2-methoxy-Phenol 4-ethylene-2-anisyl-phenol C9H10O2 150 0． 064
7 18． 84 4-methoxy-Inodole 4-anisyl-indole C9H9NO 147 0． 066
8 19． 36 Acetanisole C9H10O2 150 0． 268
9 19． 92 Decoic acid C10H20O2 172 0． 116
10 22． 69 β-Inoneβ-ionones C13H20O 192 0． 226
11 24． 77 Lauric acid C12H24O2 200 0． 829
12 25． 30 Hexadecane C16H34 226 0． 039
13 27． 67 2-butyl-3，4，5，6-tetrahydro-Pyridine 2-butyl-3，4，5，6-tetrahydropyridine C9H17N 139 0． 244
14 29． 17 Myristic acid C14H28O2 228 1． 067
15 29． 70 Octadecane C18H38 254 0． 060
16 30． 68 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone C18H36O 268 0． 092
17 31． 21 Pentadecylic acid C15H30O2 242 0． 204
18 32． 16 2-Methoxyethyl phthalate C14H18O6 282 0． 116
19 32． 31
7，9-di-tert-butyl-l-oxaspiro 4，5 deca-6． 9-diene-2，8-dione 7，9-dibutyl-1-oxas-
piro 4，5-6，9-diene-2，8-diketone
C17H24O3 276 0． 239
20 32． 82 Oleic acid C18H34O2 282 0． 332
21 33． 11 Dibutyl phthalate C16H22O4 278 4． 865
22 33． 34 Hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 256 8． 236
23 33． 71 Eicosane C20H42 282 0． 098
24 35． 35 Sipol C18H38O 270 0． 464
25 35． 58 Heneicosane C21H44 296 0． 267
26 35． 89 Phytol C20H40O 296 0． 770
27 36． 57 Methyl linolenate C19H32O2 292 2． 421
28 36． 92 Stearic acid C18H36O2 284 0． 900
29 37． 38 Docosane C22H46 310 1． 362
30 38． 28 N-Phenyl-2-Naphthalenamine C16H13N 219 0． 126
31 39． 11 Tricosane C23H48 324 3． 100
32 40． 63 Neophytadiene C20H38 278 0． 419
33 40． 77 Tetracosane C24H50 338 4． 786
34 41． 76 9-octyl-Heptadecane C25H52 352 0． 108
35 42． 38 Pentacosane C25H52 352 7． 101
36 43． 15 Octoil C24H38O4 390 0． 648
91ZHANG Ren-bo et al． Chemical Composition Analysis of Volatile Oil in Veronica laxa
Continued
Peak
No．
Retention
time∥min
Compounds
Molecular
formula
Molecular
weight
Relative
content∥%
37 43． 31 11-Butyldocosane C26H54 366 0． 261
38 43． 91 Hexacosane C26H54 366 7． 437
39 44． 82 2-Methyhtricosane C24H50 338 0． 341
40 45． 40 Heptacosane C27H56 380 9． 259
41 46． 25 9-octyl-Eicosane C28H58 394 0． 372
42 46． 82 Octacosane C28H58 394 7． 682
43 48． 20 Nonacosane C29H60 408 7． 777
44 49． 53 Triacontane C30H62 422 5． 708
45 50． 31 11-decyl-Heneicosane C31H64 436 0． 436
46 50． 81 Hentriacontane C31H64 436 5． 475
47 52． 05 Dotriacontane C32H66 450 3． 358
48 53． 38 Tritriacontane C33H68 464 3． 196
49 54． 91 Tetratriacontane C34H70 478 1． 680
92． 827
3 Discussions
In these chemical components which have relatively higher
contents and more bio-activators，the hexadecanoic acid，also
called hexadecanoic acid，is the basic raw material of isopropyl
palmitate and isobutyl palmitate which have the advantages of
moistening skin and strong penetrability and could be widely ap-
plied in various nursing products［6］． In addition，hexadecanoic
acid also has the antineoplastic activity and it could inhibit the
cell cycle of mouses breast cancer cell tsFT210 to the G2 /M
period and promote the tsFT210 cell to die［6］． Hexadecanoic
acid could also be used as the modifying agent，for example，it
could modify the terminal group of fatty group dissaving polyes-
ter［7］， could make surface modification to the nanometer
TiO2
［8］ and nanometer calcium carbonate powder［9］． Dibutyl
phthalate is the main plasticizer used in plastics industry and
could cause generation barrier and genetic damage to the male
fruit fly with sexual maturation［10］． The myristic acid has the ob-
vious antitumor action and could effectively induce the death of
cancer cells［11］． Therefore，the volatile oil of the V． laxa could
be used as the raw industrial material of the fine chemistry
industry．
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(To page 31)
02 Medicinal Plant 2010
planatum mycelium biomass reached 16．28 g /L．
3 Conclusions
The optimum medium of medicinal fungi G． applanatum
liquid fermentation is the combination of soluble starch 3%，
soybean flour 1． 5%，yeast extract 0． 3%，KH2PO4 0． 3%，
ZnSO4 0． 002%，MgSO4 0． 10%，and the mycelium biomass
could reach 16． 29 g /L under the condition of 160 r /min at 28 ℃
for 6 d．
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．
药用真菌树舌液体深层培养研究
李正鹏 (安徽科技学院生命科学学院，安徽凤阳 233100)
摘要 ［目的］研究了不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对树舌液体深层培养的影响。［方法］以树舌菌丝体的生物量为指标，采用单因子试验和正交试
验对培养基进行优化。［结果］最适培养基为可溶性淀粉 3%、黄豆粉 1． 5%、酵母膏 0． 3%、磷酸二氢钾 0． 3%、硫酸锌 0． 002%、硫酸镁 0． 10%，
在 28 ℃、140 r /min的恒温培养振荡器上振荡培养 6 d，生物量可 16． 29 g /L。［结论］试验得出树舌发酵培养基的最佳配方，在此条件下，生物量
大大提高，有利于大规模工业化生产。
关键词 树舌;液体发酵;培养基;
欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁
生物量
(From page 20)
疏花婆婆纳(Veronica laxa)中挥发油的化学成分分析
张仁波，窦全丽 (遵义师范学院生物系，贵州遵义 563002)
摘要 ［目的］分析疏花婆婆纳中的化学成分，为婆婆纳属植物资源的综合开发利用提供参考。［方法］采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油，用气相
色谱 －质谱联用技术对疏花婆婆纳挥发油化学成分进行分析。［结果］在疏花婆婆纳挥发油中共鉴定出 49 种化合物，占总挥发油量的
92． 827%，其中相对含量超过 1%的有 17 种，含量相对较高的有各种烷烃、十六烷酸(8． 236%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(4． 865%)、亚麻酸甲酯
(2． 421%)和肉豆蔻酸(1． 067%)等。［结论］婆婆纳属植物中的挥发油可以作为精细化工的工业原料。
关键词 疏花婆婆纳;挥发油;气相色谱 －质谱联用技术测定;化学成分
13LI Zheng-peng． Study on Submerged Fermentation of Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma applanatum