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Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22(2012) 1462−1469

Effect of amendments on growth and metal uptake of giant reed
(Arundo donax L.) grown on soil contaminated by arsenic, cadmium and lead

YANG Miao, XIAO Xi-yuan, MIAO Xu-feng, GUO Zhao-hui, WANG Feng-yong

School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received 22 July 2011; accepted 26 December 2011


Abstract: The effects of five amendments such as acetic acid(AA), citric acid (CA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA),
sepiolite and phosphogypsum on growth and metal uptake of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) grown on soil contaminated by arsenic
(As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were studied. The results showed that the shoot biomass of giant reed was enhanced by 24.8% and
15.0%, while superoxide mutase and catalase activities slightly varied when adding 5.0 mmol/kg CA and 2.5 mol/kg EDTA to soil as
compared to the control, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in shoots were remarkably increased by the addition of
2.5 mmol/kg AA and CA, 5.0 mmol/kg EDTA, and 4.0 g/kg sepiolite as compared to the control. The accumulations of As and Cd
were also significantly enhanced in the above condition, while the shoot Pb accumulation was noticeably enhanced by amending with
4.0 g/kg sepiolite and 8.0 g/kg phosphogysum, respectively. The results suggested that AA, CA and sepiolite could be used as
optimum soil amendments for giant reed remediation system.
Key words: phytoremediation; giant reed; soil amendments; heavy metal contaminated soil; metal uptake



1 Introduction

Soil contaminated by metal elements, such as As,
Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, which mainly originate from
nonferrous mineral processing and smelting activities,
has become one of the major environmental concerns
around the world [1,2]. Conventional remediation
technologies for heavy metal contaminated soils include
excavation and landfill, thermal treatment, acid leaching
and electro-reclamation [3]. These techniques, however,
are limited for large-scale remediation engineering due to
expensive cost and destruction of soil biota and fertility.
Alternatively, phytoremediation, an emerging solution
which refers to the use of green plants for the removal of
contaminants or rendering them harmless, is cost-
effective, environmental-friendly and can be applied to
large-scale soils [4]. Usually, it is a determining factor
for phytoremediation that the plant has the ability to
cultivate a large biomass with high contents of toxic
metals in its shoots [5,6]. However, low biomass, low
bioavailability and limited translocation of some metals
to the shoots are major obstacles in the phytoextraction
process experienced by most of plant species. A
combination of high biomass-producing plant species
and chemically assisted phytoextraction would be
available [7].
Suitable soil amendments play an important role in
enhancing phytoremediation efficiency by stimulating
plant growth, or/and enhancing metal accumulation in
shoots [8]. Synthetic chelators, such as ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene diamine disuccinate
(EDDS), nitrilo acetic acid (NTA), and
glycoletherdiamine tetra acetic acid (EDGA), are mostly
used chelating agents [8,9]. Organic amendments, in
particular low relative molecular mass organic acids such
as citric acid and oxalic acid, have also been extensively
studied because of their good biodegradability after
amending contaminated soils [10]. In addition, sepiolite,
a feasible soil additive for the adsorption of Cd and Zn
[11], which can significantly enhance the shoot dry
biomass of Juncus effuses grown on soils polluted by
Pb/Zn mine tailings were also used [12]. The potential of
phosphogypsum (industrial by-product) for increasing
heavy metal sorption capacity in contaminated soils was
also studied [13].

Foundation item: Project (2012BAC09B04) supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China; Project (2010-277-027) supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Environmental Protection in Hunan
Province, China; Project (2011SK3262) supported by Science and Technology Planning of Hunan Province, China
Corresponding author: XIAO Xi-yuan; Tel: 86-731-88836442; E-mail: xiaoxy@csu.edu.cn
DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61342-3
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Giant reed (Arundo donax L.), a perennial plant,
which is widely used as energy material and paper
pulping, has received considerable attention for
remediating soils polluted by multi-metals due to its
capacity of thriving in various range of adverse
conditions with rapid growth and high yields [14].
Furthermore, giant reed can grow well in soils
contaminated by Cd and Ni [15,16] or by As, Cd and Pb
[17] and wastewater contaminated with As [18]. Our
previous long-term field experiment also exhibited that
giant reed is useful for ecoremediating soil contaminated
by As, Cd, Pb and Zn [19]. Based on the preliminary
research, the objectives of this work are: 1) to study the
effect of amendments, such as AA, CA, EDTA, sepiolite
and phosphogysum, on growth and physiological
characteristics of giant reed grown on soil contaminated
by As, Cd and Pb, 2) to elucidate their effect on metal
concentrations and accumulations in plant shoots, and
then 3) to optimize soil amendments as well as the
optimum application concentrations.

2 Experimental

2.1 Test soil and plant
Surface soil (0−20 cm) was collected from arable
land in the vicinity of typical smelting district of
Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China, which belongs to
allitic udic ferriols and develops from the typical
quaternary red clay. Soil samples were air dried and then
ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve. The basic
physiochemical properties of soil are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Basic physiochemical properties of soil
Item Value
pH 6.48
Organic matter content/(g·kg−1) 45.8
Total N/(g·kg−1) 2.04
Total P/(g·kg−1) 0.77
Total K/(g·kg−1) 4.13
Available N/(mg·kg−1) 76.8
Available P/(mg·kg−1) 14.6
Available K/(mg·kg−1) 48.4
Total As/(mg·kg−1) 13.7
Total Cd/(mg·kg−1) 1.07
Total Pb/(mg·kg−1) 52.4

The air dried soils of 5 kg were put into container
with diameter of 20 cm and height of 17 cm. Test soil in
each pot was homogeneously sprayed with aqueous
solutions containing 80 mg As, 10 mg Cd and 500 mg Pb
per kg soil, which were prepared by dissolving salts of
Na3AsO4·12H2O, CdCl2·2.5H2O and Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O
into deionized water, respectively. The fertilizers were
applied to each pot with 0.27 g CO(NH2)2, 0.05 g
KH2PO4 and 0.10 g KNO3 per kg soil, respectively.
Root systems (roots and rhizomes) of giant reed,
which had begun to sprout, were also collected from
Zhuzhou district in Hunan Province, China.
Concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in rhizome cuttings
were 0.03, 0.01 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. Uniform
size root systems cutting per pot were cultivated under
laboratory condition in modified Hoagland solution for
pre-culture.

2.2 Amendment
Five soil amendments including acetic acid (AA),
citric acid (CA), EDTA, sepiolite and phosphogypsum
were serviced. AA, CA and EDTA were pure salts.
Sepiolite was obtained from a sepiolite plant in Hunan
Province, China. Phosphogypsum, an industrial
by-product, was collected from a phosphour fertilizer
plant in Guizhou Province, China. Both samples of
sepiolite and phosphogypsum were milled and then
sieved through a 0.084 mm sieve before use. The
concentrations of As, Cd, Pb in sepiolite and
phosphogypsum are detailed in Table 2.

Table 2 Concentrations of heavy metals in sepiolite and
phosphogypsum
Heavy metal
concentration/(mg·kg−1) Amendment pH
As Cd Pb
Sepiolite 7.87 3.51 − 11.1
Phosphogysum 5.46 1.91 0.89 1.51

2.3 Experimental design and plant cultivation
Sepiolite and phosphogypsum were added to each
pot with concentrations of 0, 4.0, 20 and 40 g per kg soil,
and 0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g per kg soil, respectively, then
mixed thoroughly with heavy metal contaminated soils
(Table 3). The pot soil maintained 70% of the total
water-holding field capacity for 15 days equilibration.
Then, three uniform size root systems of giant reed were
transplanted into each pot and cultivated in a greenhouse
with a daily 14 h photoperiod and 10 h dark period, with
day/night temperature of 30 °C/20 °C, and relative
humidity of 60%. Two weeks before harvesting, AA, CA
and EDTA at the concentrations of 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0
mmol/kg soil were added to the remaining pots,
respectively (Table 3). Each treatment was four
replicates.
After three months of cultivation, the aboveground
of giant reed was harvested and thoroughly washed with
tap water, then rinsed with deionized water. Parts of fresh
leaves were selected for the determination of chlorophyll
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content and enzyme activities. The remaining samples
were oven dried at 105 °C for 30 min and dried at 60 °C
until constant mass. Then the dried samples were milled
with mortar and pestle, passed through a 0.25 mm sieve
and stored for analysis.

Table 3 Amount of amendments applied to soils
Addition level/
(mmol·kg−1)
Addition level/
(g·kg−1) Treatment
AA CA EDTA Sepiolite Phosphogypsum
Control 0 0 0 0 0
Low level 1.25 1.25 1.25 4.0 2.0
Middle level 2.5 2.5 2.5 20 4.0
High level 5.0 5.0 5.0 40 8.0

2.4 Sample analysis
The physicochemical properties of the soil were
analyzed according to the methods described by LU [20].
Using a pH meter, the pH value of soil samples was
determined by suspending them in distilled water at the
soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 (w/v). Soil organic matter was
oxidized with K2Cr2O7. Available N was extracted with
1 mol/L NaOH and titrated with 0.01 mol/L H2SO4, and
total N was determined by the Kjeldahl method.
Available P (Olsen-P) was extracted using 0.5 mol/L
NaHCO3 with pH 8.5 and total P was determined by the
Williams and Stewart method. Available K was extracted
with 1.0 mol/L NH4OAc of pH 7.0. Total K and availble
K were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry
(AA−6800, Shimadzu, Japan). Soil sample and
amendments including sepiolite and phosphogypsum
were digested with a mixture of HNO3−H2O2 [21], and
plant samples were digested with a mixture of
HNO3−HClO4 [20]. Concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in
solutions were determined using an inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP−OES, IRIS
Intrepid II XSP, USA). Blank and standard reference
materials for plant (GBW—08513) and soil (GBW—
08303) obtained from China National Center for
Standard Reference Materials were included for QA/QC
program.
Chlorophyll content in fresh leaves of giant reed
was determined according to PORRA [22] and was
expressed in mg of chlorophyll per g of fresh mass (FM).
Activities of superoxide mutase (SOD) and catalase
(CAT) were determined as described by RAO et al [23].

2.5 Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft
Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was used to examine statistical significant
differences among addition levels of soil amendments. A
probability level of P<0.05 was considered significant.

3 Results

3.1 Effect of amendments on biomass of giant reed
The shoot biomass of giant reed grown on soil
contaminated with As, Cd and Pb amending with soil
amendments was presented in Fig. 1. Shoot biomass with
respect to low level (1.25 mmol/kg) and middle level
(2.5 mmol/kg) of AA varied slightly as compared to that
for the control (12.6 g/pot), while that from the treatment
with high level (5.0 mmol/kg) of AA was significantly
decreased by 34.2% (P < 0.05). Plant shoot biomass
increased with the increasing level of CA addition, which
was enhanced by 14.2% and 24.8% in middle and high
level treatment as much as the control, respectively,
while a significant decrease of 28.7% was observed at
low level treatment (P<0.05). For treatments of EDTA,
the dry biomass obtained in middle level treatment was
significantly higher than that in low level treatment
(P<0.05), but showed slight difference from the control.
The biomass of giant reed was slightly decreased with
the increasing sepiolite addition. A reduction of 45.1% in
shoot biomass was observed at the middle level
treatment of phosphogypsum (P<0.05), but those
obtained from low and high level treatments changed
slightly as compared to the control.


Fig. 1 Effect of amendments on shoot biomass of giant reed
grown on soils contaminated with As, Cd and Pb (Values are
presented as means ± SD. Different letters statistically stand for
significant differences at P<0.05 level)

3.2 Effect of amendments on physiological
characteristics of giant reed
3.2.1 Chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll contents in leaves of giant reed grown
on soil amended with low and middle level of AA were
1.25 and 1.41 mg/g, which were increased by 58.2% and
78.5%, respectively, while sharply decreased by 68.4%
for high level treatment in comparison to the control
(Table 4). Treatments of CA at low and middle level
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exhibited negative influence on the chlorophyll synthesis
of giant reed, and chlorophyll content of giant reed for
the treatment of CA at low and middle levels was less
than that of the control. With respect to EDTA,
chlorophyll content in leaves was significantly increased
by 119% for low level treatment (P<0.05), while sharply
decreased by 39.2% and 25.3% for middle and high level
treatments as compared with the control. The results
showed that high level of EDTA in contaminated soil
detrimentally affected the physiological response
characteristics of giant reed. Chlorophyll contents in
leaves with high level treatments of both sepiolite and
phosphogypsum, however, significantly increased by
87.3% and 72.2% as compared to the control (P<0.05).
3.2.2 Activities of superoxide mutase and catalase
As shown in Table 5, SOD activity in leaves of
giant reed was slightly increased with the increasing
addition level of AA. The SOD activity obtained at high
level treatment (0.123 U/mg) was slightly higher than
that of the control, but significantly higher than that at
low level treatment (P<0.05). SOD activity observed for
treatment of CA varied slightly in comparison with that
of the control. SOD activity changed slightly at low level
treatment of sepiolite addition, while significant
inhibition of 41.2% and 38.2% in SOD activity were
found at middle level and high level treatments as
compared to the control (P<0.05), respectively. Similar
to CA addition treatment, SOD activity of giant reed for
the treatment of phosphogypsum was slightly changed
with respect to the control.
The activity of CAT in giant reed leaves was less
sensitive to soil amendments but still stimulated as
compared to the control (Table 6). CAT activity was
prompted with AA addition, especially at high level
treatment, which was up to 2.11 mg(H2O2)/(g·min) and
significantly increased by 80.3% in comparison with the
control (P<0.05). A slight increase in CAT activity in
leaves was detected with increasing CA addition, but no
significant difference in CAT activity at treatments
between CA addition and the control was found. CAT
activities were slightly affected by EDTA and sepiolite
amendments, and that in leaves treated by middle level
of phosphogypsum was higher than those from other
level of phosphogypsum treatments and the control.

Table 4 Contents of chlorophyll in giant reed treated with amendments
Chlorophyll content/(mg·g−1)
Treatment
AA CA EDTA Sepiolite Phosphogypsum
Control 0.79±0.47 (ab) 0.79±0.47 (ab) 0.79±0.47 (b) 0.79±0.47 (b) 0.79±0.47 (b)
Low level 1.25±0.30 (a) 0.47±0.02 (b) 1.73±0.53 (a) 0.86±0.83 (b) 0.97±0.74 (b)
Middle level 1.41±0.80 (a) 0.54±0.09 (b) 0.48±0.11 (c) 0.33±0.03 (c) 0.63±0.39 (b)
High level 0.25±0.02 (b) 1.36±1.01 (a) 0.59±0.04 (bc) 1.48±0.02 (a) 1.36±0.24 (a)
Values are presented as means ± SD. Different letters statistically stand for significant differences at P < 0.05 level.

Table 5 Superoxide dismutase activity in giant reed treated with amendments
SOD activity/(U·mg−1)
Treatment
AA CA EDTA Sepiolite Phosphogypsum
Control 0.102±0.014 (ab) 0.102±0.014 (a) 0.102±0.014 (b) 0.102±0.014 (a) 0.102±0.014 (a)
Low level 0.082±0.003 (b) 0.097±0.003 (a) 0.100±0.006 (b) 0.102±0.004 (a) 0.100±0.007 (a)
Middle level 0.118±0.014 (ab) 0.088±0.003 (a) 0.099±0.008 (b) 0.060±0.028 (b) 0.102±0.006 (a)
High level 0.123±0.007 (a) 0.106±0.002 (a) 0.142±0.021 (a) 0.063±0.001 (b) 0.087±0.009 (a)
Values are presented as means ± SD. Different letters statistically stand for significant differences at P < 0.05 level.

Table 6 Catalase activity in leaves of giant reed treated with amendments
CAT activity/(mg(H2O2)·g−1·min−1)
Treatment
AA CA EDTA Sepiolite Phosphogypsum
Control 1.17±0.51 (b) 1.17±0.51 (a) 1.17±0.51 (a) 1.17±0.51 (a) 1.17±0.51 (ab)
Low level 1.41±0.35 (b) 1.45±0.58 (a) 1.37±0.30 (a) 1.38±0.37 (a) 0.97±0.48 (b)
Middle level 1.85±0.46 (b) 1.36±0.20 (a) 1.32±0.03 (a) 1.04±0.19 (a) 1.83±0.66 (a)
High level 2.11±0.31 (a) 1.29±0.31 (a) 1.74±0.79 (a) 1.29±0.26 (a) 1.15±0.09 (ab)
Values are presented as means ± SD. Different letters statistically stand for significant differences at P<0.05 level.
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3.3 Effect of amendments on heavy metal uptake by
giant reed
3.3.1 Effect of amendments on concentrations of As, Cd
and Pb in giant reed
The concentrations of heavy metals in shoots of
giant reed grown on contaminated soil were significantly
enhanced by addition of soil amendments (Fig. 2).
Arsenic concentration in giant reed was 4.68 times as
much as that in the control when amending with middle
level of AA (P<0.05). Arsenic concentration in giant reed


Fig. 2 Concentrations of As (a), Cd (b) and Pb (c) in giant reed
grown on soils treated with different amendments
was obviously decreased with increasing the amount of
CA addition, while increased progressively with EDTA
addition, showing that it was useful to enhance As
concentration in giant reed by addition of low level CA
and high level of EDTA (P<0.05), respectively.
The Cd concentration in shoot of giant reed
increased with the increasing of CA and EDTA addition,
of which CA was proved to be more effective (Fig. 2).
When CA was applied at level of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0
mmol/kg soil, Cd concentration in giant reed was 3.26,
3.52 and 3.91 times as much as that in the control,
respectively (P<0.05). Cadmium concentration in giant
reed was significantly increased with the addition level
of sepiolite and phosphogypsum, especially for treatment
with low level of sepiolite and middle level of
phosphogypsum (P<0.05), respectively.
The Pb concentration in shoots of giant reed
increased significantly with increasing AA addition level
(P<0.05) (Fig. 2). Lead concentration obtained in low
and middle level treatment of sepiolite was 9.37 and 5.33
times of that in the control (P<0.05), respectively. The
concentration of Pb observed in phosphogypsum
treatment was progressively increased with the
application level, with 25.8 mg/kg in giant reed shoots
recorded at high level treatment (P<0.05). The
application of CA and EDTA, however, exhibited less
effective in Pb uptake by giant reed.
3.3.2 Effect of amendments on accumulations of As, Cd
and Pb in giant reed
In terms of total metal accumulation, which is based
on the biomass multiplying by metal concentration, the
middle level of AA application could significantly
increase As accumulation in giant reed to 4.3-fold of that
in control (P<0.05) (Fig. 3). The addition of low and
middle level of CA also demonstrated obviously
stimulating effect on As accumulation in shoots at low
and middle level treatments, which was 4.02 and 4.34
times as much as that in the control, respectively. In
addition, As accumulation was significantly increased by
4.42 times and 5.03 times compared to the control when
middle and high levels of EDTA were added,
respectively.
The accumulation of Cd was increased with the
addition level of CA, which in middle and high level
treatment was 4.17 and 4.42 times as much as that in the
control (P<0.05), respectively (Fig. 3). Sepiolite was
found to be more effective to enhance Cd accumulation
at low (0.25 mg/pot) and middle level treatment (0.21
mg/pot), which was 4.17 and 3.51 times as much as that
in the control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation was
significantly increased with increasing the addition level
of phosphogypsum, and significantly increased by 2.41
and 3.25 times for middle and high level treated
plants as compared to the control (P<0.05), respectively.
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Fig. 3 Accumulations of As (a), Cd (b) and Pb (c) in giant reed
grown on soils contaminated with heavy metals treated with
different amendments

Amendments of AA and EDTA also could enhance Cd
accumulation in giant reed, while show less effect than
other amendments.
Lead accumulation in giant reed shoot was sharply
increased at treatments with AA, especially for high level
treatment, which was 5.6 times higher than that of the
control (Fig. 3). The addition of CA and EDTA, however,
was less effective than AA addition. Similar to As and Cd
accumulation, Pb accumulation was decreased gradually
with increasing the level of sepiolite, while substantially
increased with increasing doses of phosphogypsum
(P<0.05). Lead accumulation recorded at low level of
sepiolite and high level of phosphogypsum addition
significantly reached up to 0.23 mg/pot and 0.33 mg/pot
(P<0.05), respectively.

4 Discussion

4.1 Effect of amendments on growth of giant reed
In the study, shoot dry biomass was significantly
increased by 14.2% and 24.8% for treatments with CA
doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/kg, respectively, and a low
dosage (1.25 mmol/kg) showed little inhibitory effect
(Fig. 1). Similar studies also observed the stimulating
effect of CA (5.0 mmol/kg) on ryegrass growth [10] and
showed that CA was considered the good option to
enhance the growth of giant reed.
Chlorophyll synthesis and enzyme activities in
plants are sensitive under adverse condition and can
provide precise information on any perturbation occuring
in plant [24]. In the present study, chlorophyll contents in
leaves of giant reed increased at 1.25 and 2.5 mmol/kg of
AA addition, while decreased sharply at 5.0 mmol/kg
treatment accompanied with biomass decrease (Table 4).
Similarly, chlorophyll content in leaves was increased by
72.2% amended with high level CA in comparison to the
control, which was in agreement with the change of
biomass, suggesting that CA application did not
deteriorate photosynthetic parameters of plant [25]. The
activities of SOD and CAT increased resistance to the
stress of multi-metals, especially CAT played a role in
defying As, Cd, Pb-induced oxidative stress in plant [26].

4.2 Effect of amendments on heavy metal phyto-
extraction for giant reed
Based on the results of the study, the concentrations
of As, Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed grown on
amended soil were significantly increased. Positive
effects of middle level of AA on enhancing
concentrations of As and Cd and high level on Pb in
giant reed shoots were shown (Fig. 2). CA addition
treatment with low and high level could significantly
increase As and Cd concentration in giant reed. Similarly,
the concentrations of As, Cd and Pb with low level of
sepiolite were significantly increased by 2.18, 3.31 and
8.37 times as compared with that in the controls,
respectively, while they were not increased with
increasing addition level of sepiolite. The reason might
be contributed to the large surface area as well as the
strong adsorptive capacity of sepiolite [27].
Accumulations of As and Cd were significantly enhanced
by 0.60−3.31 times and 1.42−3.42 times when treated
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with CA, which was in agreement with the other findings
[10,28]. Comparing with the control treatment,
accumulations of As, Cd and Pb were significantly
increased to 0.25, 0.16 and 0.05 mg/pot for high level of
EDTA addition, and reached 0.15, 0.25 and 0.23 mg/pot
for low level of sepiolite addition (P<0.05), respectively.
This is consistent with the studies by LIPHADZI and
KIRKHAM [29]. Although EDTA played an important
role in enhancing the concentrations of As and Cd in
giant reed shoots, especially that of Pb at high level
treatment (Fig. 2), EDTA is non-biodegradable, and
possesses high environmental persistence of soluble
chelate-heavy metal complexes in soil as well as toxicity
and risk of possible leaching to groundwater [7].
Therefore, AA, CA and sepiolite are better than EDTA in
enhancing phytoremediation efficiency of giant greed.

5 Conclusions

1) Soil amendments including AA, CA, EDTA,
sepiolite and phosphogypsum can enhance the biomass
to some extent. The shoot dry biomass of giant reed for
treatments with 5.0 mmol/kg CA and 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA
was 1.25 and 1.15 times that of the control, respectively.
2) The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in giant reed
shoots were significantly increased when applying lower
levels of AA, CA and sepiolite and high level of EDTA,
respectively. Accumulations of As and Cd in plant
significantly increased with the addition of 2.5 mmol/kg
AA and CA, 5.0 mmol/kg EDTA, and 4.0 g/kg sepiolite,
and the shoot Pb accumulation was enhanced obviously
by amending with 4.0 mg/kg sepiolite and 8.0 mg/kg
phosphogysum, respectively as compared to the control.
The results suggested that AA, CA and sepiolite could be
considered optimum soil amendments for giant reed
remediation system.

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改良剂对 As、Cd、Pb 污染土壤上芦竹生长及
重金属吸收的影响

杨 淼, 肖细元, 苗旭峰, 郭朝晖, 王凤永

中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，长沙 410083

摘 要：通过室内盆栽试验研究在 As、Cd 和 Pb 复合污染土壤中施用醋酸、柠檬酸、EDTA、海泡石和磷石膏 5
种改良剂对芦竹生长及重金属吸收的影响。结果表明，施加 5.0 mmol/kg 柠檬酸或 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA 时，芦竹地
上部生物量较没添加的对照的分别增加了 24.8%和 15.0%，芦竹叶片中过氧化氢酶及过氧化歧化酶活性较对照的
无显著变化。与对照相比，添加 2.5 mmol/kg 醋酸、2.5 mmol/kg 柠檬酸、5.0 mmol/kg EDTA 及 4.0 g/kg 海泡石时，
地上部中 As、Cd、Pb 的浓度显著增加(P<0.05)。改良剂能明显提高芦竹地上部重金属累积量，地上部中 As、Cd
的累积量在上述条件下均显著增加(P<0.05)，Pb 累积量在添加 4.0 g/kg 海泡石和 8.0 g/kg 磷石膏时显著高于对照
(P<0.05)。醋酸、柠檬酸和海泡石可作为合适改良剂促进重金属污染土壤上芦竹对土壤中重金属的累积。
关键词：植物修复；芦竹；土壤改良剂；重金属污染土壤；重金属累积
(Edited by YUAN Sai-qian)