全 文 ：Journal of Forestry Research, 18(3): 208–212 (2007)

208
DOI: 10.1007/s11676-007-0042-8


Analysis of compounds in dichloromethane extractives for Sawara Fal-
secypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera) outer heartwood

NIU Jing1, LIU Zhi-Ming*1, WANG Xiang-Ming2, XU You-Ming3, WANG Qing-Wen1
1Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, P.R. China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
2Forintek Canada Corp. Quebec, QC Canada G1P 4R4
3Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070

Abstract: The chemical components of dichloromethane extractives for Sawara Falsecypress heartwood were analyzed with GC/MS except
for basic chemical composition analysis for heartwood with Chinese standard method. 14 kinds of compounds were identified according to
the computer compounds library data. The major compounds in dichloromethane extractives comprised of terpene and naphthalene deriva-
tives. The experiments of antifungal effects of the dichloromethane extractive on Aspergillus niger were also carried out. The result showed
that the dichloromethane extractive from Sawara Falsecypress has no or weak antifungal capability.
Keywords: Chamaecyparis pisifera; Sawara Falsecypress; Outer heartwood; Dichloromethane extractives; GC/MS; Antifungal



Introduction

Sawara Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. Et Zucc.)
Endl.) is derived from Chamaecyparis formosensis (Wang et al.
2003) and is an evergreen coniferous tree that grows mainly in
central Japan. Sawara Falsecypress individuals grow in wet con-
ditions on lower slopes and near mountain streams, and often
occur in rocky depressions. This species not only forms mixed
forests with other conifers such as Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thu-
jopsis dolabrata and Tsuga diversifolia, but also mixes with
deciduous broad-leaved trees, including Fagus crenata and
Quercus mongolica (var. grosseserrata). The life history of
Sawara Falsecypress in typical old-growth mixed forests gener-
ally involves the production of seeds through sexual reproduction
of mature individuals (Zhao 1988). The species plays an impor-
tant role in retaining soil and sand, coast defense and wild animal
protection. Cultivation of introduced Sawara Falsecypress to
China started in 1936. A few years later, it was then transplanted
to other provinces involving Shandong, Liaoning, Guangxi,
Yunnan and the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River.
In 1968, it was relocated from Lushan botanical garden in Ji-
angxi province to Jiuhua farmland in Hubei province. Generally,
Sawara Falsecypress is an ideal tree species with the height of 50

Foundation project: This work was supported by the Foundation of
Postdoctoral Research of Heilongjiang and Innovation Fund of Northeast
Forestry University (DLCX2004019)
Received date: 2007-03-25; Accepted date: 2007-06-07
©Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag 2007
Electronic supplymentary material is available in the online version of
this article at http://dxdoi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0042-8
Biography: Niu Jing (1983-), Female, Master Graduate, Northeast For-
estry University
*Corresponding author: (Email: zhimingliuwhy@126.com)
Responsible editor: Hu Yanbo

meter and straight trunk, whose lumber is hard and durable. Fur-
thermore, white sapwood and brown yellow heartwood are its
main characteristics. On the other hand, it is a kind of better
timber for making tools, building bridge, boat, vehicle crosstie
and furniture owning to its superior property of resisting decay
and slinky texture. It contains abundance of cellulose which
makes it outstanding material for making paper.
Sawara Falsecypress, which is famous for appreciate value,
has been cultivated widely in China. The cultivation of Sawara
Falsecypress is not restricted by such envirnmental factors as
climate and soil, and the livability could reach as high as 90% in
the production with the skewer insert method (Wu 1983; Pan
1994; Wang 1990; Zhao 1988; Lin 1987; Yu 1993; Chen 1993).
At present, there are broad researches on the Cupressaceae
(Chamaecyparis) in foreign countries. However, the report on the
use of Chamaecyparis species in natural durability is scarce. In
Japan, the wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa is evaluated for the
use value of constructing important buildings such as temples
and shrines and is also considered to have hygienic properties for
use as counter tops in sushi bars (Koyama et al., 1997). Yoshixol
(4,4-dimethyl-6-methylene-2-cyclohexen-1-one(C9H12O)) ex-
tracted from several species of Chamaecyparis has been shown
to possess insecticidal activity. Termiticidal activity has been
reported for the heartwood of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
(McDaniel 1989) and seed extracts of this species exhibited
juvenilising activity against the yellow mealworm beetle
Tenebrio molitor (Jacobson et al 1975). Antibacterial properties
have been cited for Chamaecyparis (Johnson et al. 2001; Xiao et
al. 2001; Yatagai and Nakatani 1994) and Debiaggi et al. (1988)
reported that an ethanolic extract from the leaves of
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana had antiviral activity against Herpes
simplex virus type 2. Some reports showed that the extractives of
methyl alcohol from Sawara Falsecypress leaves had
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and obtained
several antibacterial fraction.
In addition, the reports on analysis of the extractives by gas
chromatograph combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are
limited. The alkyl- and methoxy-phenolic content in wood
NIU Jing et al.

209
extractives were determined by the solid-phase
microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(SPME–GC/MS) (Verónica Pinon et al. 2007). The identification
of the extractives from heartwood of Scots pine was performed
using GC–MS, which gave good yields of the most important
extractives: pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, resin acids
and free fatty acids (Dag Ekeberg et al. 2006). The detailed
composition of 70 underivated wood extractive components
presenting in quaking aspen were unequivocally identified by
GC-MS method, forty-four compounds by retention time and
mass spectral comparison with standards. An additional 26
chromatographic peaks were assigned to broad chemical class
using retention time and mass spectra features (Fernandez 2001).
In china, the studies on Sawara Falsecypress are confined it-
self to the growth and regeneration, young cutting from germi-
nating shoots, growth variation and regularity, wood basic den-
sity and resource utility. (Du 1999; Zhang et al. 2005; Lei et al.
2005; Shi and Xu et al. 2006 ).
On the basis of documents retrieved, the objective of this
study was to determine the basic chemical composition of outer
heartwood of Sawara Falsecypress, and the antifungal activity of
dichloromethane extractives against Aspergillus niger.

Materials and methods

Sawara Falsecypress (SF) was harvested at the eastern hillside of
850 meter above sea level, where is a gradient of 20 degree and
has a good forest nutrient. Sawara Falsecypress samples were cut
into three logs above ground, marked A, B and C, respectively
(Fig. 1). After air-drying 2 months at the lab in Northeast For-
estry University, each part log was separately cut into about
twenties disks, whose thickness was 5-7 cm. In the experiment,
the lowest disk of log A heartwood was cut into 4 parts depend-
ing on 5 growing rings from external heartwood to pith, then
sampled correspondent part as HB-A-4, HB-A-3, HB-A-2 and
HB-A-1, respectively (Fig. 2).



Fig. 1 Scheme of SF stem Fig. 2 Samples Scheme of Disk A



The selected sample, HB-A-4, was ground into wood powder
passing through 2-mm sieves. Its moisture content (MC),
cold-water and hot-water solubility, 1% sodium hydroxide solu-
bility, alcohol-benzene solubility, nitric acid-alcohol cellulose
and holocellulose, and acid-insoluble lignin content was respec-
tively tested according to the Chinese standard method of fibrous
raw material (GB/T2677.2-93; GB/T2677.4-93; GB/T2677.5-93;
GB/T2677.6-94; GB/T2677.10-95; GB/T2677.8-1994) (1997).
The reduplication occurred twice.
After its chemical composition analysis, the heartwood pow-
der (HB-A-4), was extracted with hexane (n-C6H14) for 24 h, and
the extracted residue was continued to be extracted with di-
chloromethane (CH2Cl2) for 24 h again (Liu et al. 2005). 0.04
g/ml dichloromethane extractive was tested by GC/MS
6890N-5973 insert (Agilent, USA). The instrument control pa-
rameters were listed as follows,

Method comments
DB-17 column, 30 meters, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 micron film, FID
detector.

Instrument control parameters
Injection volume: 1.0 microliters (syringe size: 10.0 microliters);
spliting ratio: 1:20;
Inlet temperature: 260°C; Gas: He; Constant flow: 1ml/min;
Vacuum Compensation: On

Oven program
Oven initial temperature: 40°C, Rate: 20°C /min
Second temperature: 160°C, Retention time: 6 min, Rate: 5°C
/min
Final temperature: 240°C, Final time: 2 min

MS Acquisition Parameters
Link inlet temperature: 280°C, EI: 70eV; Ion source temperature:
230°C
Acquisition Mode: Scan
Scan Parameters: Low Mass: 15 amu, High Mass: 260 amu
Then the antifungal effects of the extractive of dichloro-
methane against Aspergillus niger were tested. The method was
Journal of Forestry Research, 18(3): 208–212 (2007)

210
shown as follows: each plate was injected with 0.5 mL spore
solution, which was prepared after the fungal was activated, and
then adding 15mL PDA media to each plate sterilized. In order to
make it well-distributed, the plate should be rotated sufficiently.
Then 100 µL of 0.06 g/ml dichloromethane extractive (acetone
as solvent) was moved into the hole, which was made in the
middle position of the plate. Compared to the one with extractive
another two parallel experimental groups were assigned, one was
injected with acetone and the other was blank. All the testing
plates were incubated in 28°C for seven days, then observing the
inhibition diameter of the fungi growth.

Results and discussion

Chemical Composition of Sawara Falsecypress

For wood powder of outer heartwood (HB-A-4), its moisture
content, cold-water and hot-water solubility, 1% sodium hydrox-
ide solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, nitric acid-alcohol
cellulose and holocellulose and acid-insluble lignin content was
respectively tested according to the Chinese standard method of
fibrous raw material. The result in Table 1 was the average of
twice measurements. These data were the basis of further study.

Analysis of Dichloromethane Extractives Components for Sa-
wara Falsecypress

Dichloromethane extractives of Sawara Falsecypress were tested
by using GC/MS as mentioned above. Fig. 3 was the total ion
chromatogram (TIC) of dichloromethane extractives for Sawara
Falsecypress. 17 kinds of compounds were separated and 14
kinds of constituents were identified according to the computer
compounds library data. The majority of the compounds were
found. Their relative contents and match quality were listed in
Table 1.
Table 1. The chemical composition of Sawara Falsecypress
Item Heartwood
(HB-A-4)
Item Heartwood
(HB-A-4)
MC% 8.60
Alcohol-benzene
solubility%
4.61
Cold-water solubility% 6.60
Nitric
acid-alcohol
cellulose%
51.52
Hot-water solubility% 7.35 Holocellulose% 80.04
1% NaOH solubility% 15.47
Acid-insoluble
lignin%
32.72

Fig. 3 Total Ion Chromatogram of dichloromethane extractives for Sawara Falsecypress

According to testing results, the major compound in di-
chloromethane extractives is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-
7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1.alpha,4a.alpha,8a.al
pha)-naphthalene (Peak 14), its content is the highest (35.235%).
But its match quality is lower, this compound need to be further
identified by standard substance or other techniques such as ele-
mental analysis and NMR analysis. The contents of Peak 11 and
Peak 12 are a little lower compared with that of Peak 14, but
higher than any other peaks, which their components are respec-
tive (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (13.291%) and al-
pha-Cadinol (14.143%). Generally, 14 kinds of compounds were
identified, major compounds comprised of terpenes and aromatic
hydrocarbon.
According to the data in Table 1, the compounds of naph-
thanlene derivatives were added up to 51.54%, about half of the
total extracts. Meanwhile, a little vanillin existed in the extracts.

Analysis of antifungal effects of Dichloromethane Extractives on
Aspergillus niger

It is seen that there are no differences among the plates which the
NIU Jing et al.

211
Aspergillus niger grows as shown in Fig. 4, in other words, di-
chloromethane extractive has no or weak antifungal effects. Ac-
cording to the analysis of components in hexane extractive and
dichloromethane one (Liu et al. 2006), both the highest contents
are the same compound, namely 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a- Octahy-
dro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1.alpha,4a.alpha,
8a.alpha)-naphthalene. Dichloromethane extractive firstly ex-
tracted with hexane has fewer compounds than hexane one. In
view of the variance, the antifungal tests in hexane extractive of
Sawara Falsecypress can be carried out, then by virtue of the
testing results, the antifungal components maybe exist in hexane
extractive, and the antifungal components can be predicated,
which is useful for further study. Furthermore, it is of great sig-
nificance to choose a better isolation method in the future re-
search for the extractive.
















Fig. 4 Antifungal effect of dichloromethane extractive
Table 2. The assignments of peaks for the TIC of dichloromethane extractives in Fig.3.
Peak
No.
Retention
Time/min
Compounds Relative
Content%
Match Quality
1 10.841 Naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-
1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1.alpha.,4a.alpha.,8a.alpha.)
0.931 99
2 11.221 unknown 1.497 –
3 11.547 Naphthalene,1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)- 3.568 97
4 11.616 Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)- 4.958 95
5 12.071 Naphthalene,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)- 1.209 96
6 12.435 Vanillin 0.947 96
7 12.602 Benzene,1-methyl-3-[(1-methylethylidene)cyclopropyl]- 1.162 72
8 13.338 Naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- 1.081 78
9 13.589 unknown 2.716 –
10 13.733 Naphthalene,1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)- 0.853 62
11 13.938 (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene 13.291 90
12 14.029 alpha.-Cadinol 14.143 91
13 14.181 Copaene 6.575 97
14 14.371 Naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-
1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1.alpha.,4a.alpha.,8a.alpha.)-
35.235 60
15 17.801 Cedren-13-ol,8- 3.756 89
16 20.002 2-Naphthalenemethanol,decahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.,4a-trimethyl-8-
methylene-,[2R-(2.alpha.,4a.alpha.,8a.beta.)]-
3.614 62
17 24.366 unknown 4.464 –


Conclusion

The moisture content, cold-water and hot-water solubility, 1%
sodium hydroxide solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, nitric
acid-alcohol cellulose and holocellulose, and acid-insoluble lig-
nin content was respectively tested for wood powder of Sawara
Falsecypress heartwood. These data showed the basic chemical
composition of Sawara Falsecypress heartwood. It is concluded
that the 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methyene-1-
(1-methylethyl)-, (1.alpha,4a.alpha,8a.alpha)-naphthalene is the
major component of dichloromethane extractives for Sawara
Falsecypress heartwood. Its relative content is the highest
(35.235%), but its match quality is lower. Thus this compound
needs to be further identified by standard substance or other
techniques such as elemental analysis and NMR analysis. An-
other 2 kinds of compounds, whose contents are higher, are
(+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (13.291%) and alpha-Cadinol
(14.143%), respectively. The major compound in dichloro-
methane extractives comprised of terpene and naphthalene de-
rivatives. These compounds have no antifungal capability.

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Chinese Abstracts 2
07-03-004
生态环境脆弱性灰色模糊评估模型/石青，陆兆华，刘志梅(中
国矿业大学(北京)恢复生态学研究所， 北京 100083)，杨爱
荣 (水利部牧区水科所，呼和浩特 010010) //Journal of
Foresetry Research.-2007, 18(3): 187−192.
本文综述了生态环境脆弱性的基本内涵及其评估指标体
系，依据灰色理论和模糊数学，提出了一种新的从定性到定
量转换的综合评价方法，即灰色模糊评估法。它是由 AHP、
灰色关联分析、灰色统计法、模糊评判综合集成而成的。文
中介绍了它的原理，给出它的构成方法；并用实例证明了它
的有效性和可靠性。图 1参 9。
关键词：生态环境脆弱性; 灰色理论; 模糊数学; 综合评价
CLC number: S757.24 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0187-06

07-03-005
三种木莲叶片提取物成分及其抑制氧自由基活性研究/何开
跃（南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院，南京 210037）， 张
双全（南京师范大学生命科学学院， 南京 210097）， 李晓
储（江苏省林业科学院， 南京 211153）， 樊亚苏（南京林
业大学森林资源与环境学院，南京 210037）， 金晓燕（南京
师范大学生命科学学院， 南京 210097）//Journal of Forestry
Research.-2007, 18(3): 193−198.
用有机溶剂萃取法从三种木莲叶片中分离获得的提取
物，经 GC/MS进行成分分析和定量测定。再进行抗氧自由基
活性测定。从红花木莲(Manglietia insignis (Wall) Blume)、桂
南木莲(Manglietia chingii Dandy)和乳源木莲(Manglietia yu-
yuanensis Law)中分别鉴定出 21、36和 20种化合物，其中 11
种成分为三种木莲所共有，12种成分为两种木莲所共有。各
成分的相对含量为红花木莲：萜烯类化物 38.93%，烷烃类
28.18%，含氮化合物 15.73%，芳香族化合物 7.23%。桂南木
莲：萜烯类 30.22%，酸类 14.17%，烷烃类 13.87%，芳香族
化合物 13.29%; 乳源木莲：醇类 28.00%，萜烯类 25.38%，
芳香族化合物 18.00%. 研究结果还表明，三种木莲的提取物
均有较强的抑制氧自由基的功能。在稀释 100 倍时，抑制超
氧阴离子活力最强，稀释 20倍时，抑制羟自由基活力达最大。
本研究结果为进一步探索三种木莲的保健功能提供科学依
据。图 1表 5参 15。
关键词：木莲； 提取物； 化学成分；抑制氧自由基活性
CLC number: Q946.6 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0193-06

07-03-006
落叶松干燥过程水分扩散性的研究—Crank方法与Dincer方
法的使用/战剑锋，顾继友，蔡英春（东北林业大学 材料科
学与工程学院， 哈尔滨 150040）//Journal of Forestry Re-
search.-2007, 18(3): 199−202.
采用两种改进的多孔固体材料水分扩散偏微分方程分析
求解方法，即 Dincer方法与 Crank方法，分析并计算落叶松
干燥过程的水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)。使用扩散型
微分方程对落叶松干燥过程进行数学模拟，木材试件被理想
化为无限大平板状材料，假定木材内部水分的扩散过程是一
维的。实验测定了不同干燥介质条件下木材干燥动力曲线。
基于取得的实验数据，通过 Dincer方法计算了木材水分扩散
系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)；使用传统的 Crank方法分析计算
了木材动态水分扩散系数(D)。研究表明，使用 Dincer方法计
算的木材水分扩散系数(D)均大于相应实验条件下Crank方法
计算数值，接近 1 个数量级。这种结论应该是由于两种分析
求解方法间的差异以及水分扩散与热量传递数学求解间的差
异。因此相关的水分扩散微分方程的分析求解方法有待改进。
随干燥介质温度的升高，木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系
数 k均显著增大，可以采用 Arrhenius方程与木材结合水传递
理论来分析解释实验条件下的扩散系数(D)与干燥介质温度
(T)间的变化趋势。图 2表 3参 6。
关键词：落叶松板材；木材干燥；水分扩散系数；水分传递
系数；数学模型
CLC number: S781.71 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0199-04

07-03-007
MA-SEBS对木纤维/聚丙烯复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响/郭
垂根，王清文(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重
点实验室，哈尔滨 150040)//Journal of Forestry Research.-2007,
18(3): 203−207.
马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯（MA-SEBS）用
作聚丙烯/木纤维复合体系的界面相容剂及冲击改性剂，来提
高其界面粘接及冲击强度。研究了 MA-SEBS 含量对 PP/WF
复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响，当MA-SEBS含量达到 8%时，
冲击性能达到了最大值，进一步增加到 10%并未提高其断裂
韧性，但动态热机械分析（DMA）表明复合材料刚性的提高，
这归因于 PP/WF 界面的改善，当 MA-SEBS 超过 8%，聚丙
烯与木纤维分子间的相互作用增强。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）
分析了样品的断裂表面，表明木纤维与聚丙烯表面强烈的界
面粘结。图 5表 1参 11。
关键词： 聚丙烯；木纤维/聚丙烯复合材料；断裂行为；冲
击测试
CLC number: S785 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0203-05

07-03-008
日本花柏心材外缘二氯甲烷提取物组分分析/牛晶(东北林业
大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨
150040)，刘志明(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部
重点实验室，哈尔滨150040)，王向明(加拿大国家林产工业技
术研究院， 魁北克G1P 4R4)，徐有明(华中农业大学，武汉
430070)，王清文(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部
重点实验室，哈尔滨 150040) //Journal of Forestry Re-
search.-2007, 18(3): 208−212.
国标方法分析了日本花柏心材外缘的基本化学组成，并
利用气质联用仪对其心材外缘的二氯甲烷提取物化学组分进
行了分析，根据计算机数据库鉴定出14种化合物。二氯甲烷
提取物中主要化学组分是萜烯类和萘衍生物。在14种化合物
中，含量最高的组分是7-甲基- 4-亚甲基- 1- (1-异丙基) - (1. α，
4a. α， 8a. α)- 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-八氢化萘 (35.235 % )。用
Chinese Abstracts 3
黑曲霉对二氯甲烷提取物进行抑菌性能测试，结果表明该提
取物对黑曲霉没有抑菌能力。图4表2参29。
关键词:日本花柏；心材外缘；二氯甲烷提取物；气质联机；
抑菌.
CLC number: Q946.8 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0042-08

07-03-009
ACQ 防腐剂对扭叶松蓝变部分木材力学性能的影响/江京辉
任海青 吕建雄 骆秀琴 吴玉章（中国林业科学研究院木材工
业研究所，国家林业局木材科学与技术重点实验室，北京
100091）//Journal of Forestry Research.-2007, 18(3): 213−216.
本文利用三种不同浓度 ACQ 防腐剂对扭叶松蓝变木材
进行浸注处理，其浓度分别为 1.2%、2.0%和 2.8%。研究其
抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性和顺纹剪切强度（弦面）
与未处理蓝变木材相应力学性能的差异，测试标准参照
GB1927~1943-91。研究结果显示，经浸注处理后的试样均达
到美国 AWPA 标准 UC4A 等级规定的药剂保持量；ACQ 防
腐处理大约降低了 20%扭叶松蓝变木材的冲击韧性，与未防
腐处理试样对比，在 0.01水平上有显著差异，但不同浓度间
差异不显著；三种浓度 ACQ处理间以及与未处理的扭叶松蓝
变木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹剪切强度差异不显
著；随着 ACQ浓度的降低，冲击韧性、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性
模量和顺纹弦面剪切强度有所增大，但影响都很小。图 4 表
10 参 6。
关键词：扭叶松，蓝变处理材，非处理材，冲击韧性，抗弯
强度，抗弯弹性模量，顺纹剪切强度（弦面）
CLC number: S781.2 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0213-04

07-03-010
不同水分条件下紫藤叶片光合作用的光响应/张淑勇(中国林
业科学研究院林业研究所， 北京 100091；国家林业局林木
培育重点实验室，北京 100091)，夏江宝(滨州学院黄河三角
洲生态环境研究中心，滨州 256603)，周泽福(中国林业科学
研究院林业研究所， 北京 100091；国家林业局林木培育重
点实验室，北京 100091)，张光灿(山东农业大学林学院，泰
安 271018） //Journal of Forestry Research.-2007, 18(3):
217−220.
通过测定 2 年生紫藤叶片气体交换参数的光响应，确定
紫藤正常生长发育所需的土壤水分条件。结果表明：紫藤的
光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及水分利用效率（WUE）对
土壤湿度和光照强度的变化具有明显的阈值。维持紫藤同时
具有较高 Pn和WUE的土壤湿度范围，在体积含水量（VWC）
为 15.3%～26.5%，其中最佳土壤湿度为 23.3%。适宜的土壤
水分条件下，紫藤光饱和点在 800µmol·m-2·s-1 以上，在水分
不足（VWC为 11.9%，8.2%）或渍水（VWC为 26.5％）时，
光饱和点低于 400µmol·m-2·s-1。此外，光响应曲线表明，随着
光合有效辐射（PAR）增加到一特殊点，气孔限制值（Ls）和
胞间 CO2浓度出现相反的变化趋势。这个点的光合有效辐射
称为光合作用由气孔限制转变为非气孔限制的转折点。并且
不同水分条件下的转折点各不相同，当 VWC 为 28.4%，
15.3% 11.9%和 8.2%，转折点分别为 600， 1000，1000 and 400
µmol.m-2.s-1。总之，紫藤通过对自身生理机能的调节，对水
分胁迫具有较高的适应能力。图 6参 26。
关键词：净光合速率；土壤湿度；光合有效辐射；水分利用
效率；紫藤
CLC number: Q945.11 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0217-04

07-03-011
传感器数量对应力波检测原木内部缺陷精度的影响/王立海，
徐华东， 周次林， 李莉， 杨学春 (东北林业大学，哈尔滨
150040) //Journal of Foresetry Research.-2007, 18(3): 221−225.
木材无损检测技术是高效利用木材的方法之一。该文阐
述了应力波法检测木材缺陷的原理，分析了传感器数量对图
像的拟合度和误差率两个指标的影响。结果表明，当原木直
径在 20～40cm范围内时，若需对原木缺陷进行精确测量，要
求图像拟合度接近 90%和误差率在 0.1左右时，至少需 12个
传感器才能满足要求；当不需要对原木缺陷进行精确测量，
只需确定缺陷的大致位置时，宜选用 10个传感器进行测量；
当仅仅需要判断原木是否存在缺陷时，选用 6 个传感器就能
满足要求。图 3表 4参 8。
关键词：传感器数量；原木缺陷检测；应力波；图像拟合度
CLC number: S 781.2 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0221-05

07-03-012
污泥对苗圃生长的银合欢幼苗发芽和初期长势的影
响/G. M. A. Iqbal, S. M. S. Huda*, M. Sujauddin and M. K.
Hossain (Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Uni-
versity of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh)//Journal of
Forestry Research.-2007, 18(3): 226−230.
研究了不同类型的污泥（城市的、工业的和住宅污泥）
对苗圃生长的银合欢幼苗田间萌发、生长和分枝的影响。播
种前先将不同类型污泥的混合物与养分匮乏的自然林土壤混
合。播种的 3 和 6 月后，记录幼苗大田发芽、分枝状况和其
他物理生长参数（枝条或根长、活力指数、茎直径、叶片数、
分枝或根鲜重和干重、总的生物量干重增长）等。与对照幼
苗相比，混合污泥的土壤中生长的幼苗田间发芽、分枝状况
及其他生长参数均发生了显著变化。与其它条件生长的幼苗
相比，住宅污泥与土壤混合（1：1）条件生长的 3 月龄和 6
月龄幼苗分枝数和分枝鲜或干重均最高。就生长参数而言，
住宅污泥与自然林土壤混合（1：1）生长的幼苗长势最好。
研究表明：退化的土壤补偿以住宅污泥可促进银合欢的田间
发芽、生长以及分枝的形成。图 1表 3参 29。
关键词：银合欢；污泥；田间发芽；幼苗生长；分枝；活力
指数
CLC number: S718 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)03-0226-05

07-03-013
鄂尔多斯高原油蒿灌丛群落土壤呼吸日变化和季节变化特征
/金钊(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101；中