全 文 ：2011年 3月 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版) №.3
第3期 Journal of Jilin Normal University (Natural Science Edition) Aug.2011
Received date:2011-05-18　　Foundation item:This work was supported by science funds f rom the Education ministry of Yunnan Province , No.07C10025.
Biographies:DAI Xun(1972-),male , inhabits in Zhaotong Yunnan, lecturer ,master ,mainly undertakes plant ecology and teaching works.Email:ztdaixun@yahoo.com.cn.
The Investigation ,Exploiting and Protecting of
Dacidia involucrate var.vilmoriniana Resource in
Sanjiankou Nature Reserve
DAI Xun1 ,WANG Lei 1＊ , CHEN Ping-zhao1 , HUANG Liang-jiang2 , TANGJ ia-xin3
(1.Chemist ry Department ,ZhaoTong Teacher s Colloge , ZhaoTong 657000 ,China;
2.Sanjiangkou Forest Farm , Duguan 657400 , China;
3.Mangagement Bureau of Yudong Reservoi r , ZhaoTong 657000, China)
Abstract:Dacidia involucrate var.vilmoriniana is an endangered , single species genus plant and peculiar in China ,has been
listed as first degree protective plant.In this paper ,based on the field investigation then discussed the population character of
D involucrata var.vilmoriniana in Sanjiankou Nature Reserve ,next the exploiting and protecting strategy of the resource.
Key words:Sanjiankou Nature Reserve;Dacidia involucrate var.vilmoriniana;population character;investigation , ex-
ploiting;protection
CLC number:Q941　　Document code:A　　Article ID:1674-3873-(2011)03-0071-04
0　Introduction
D.involucrata is also named water pear , clove tree.It was once distributed widely over the world during the peri-
od of late Bai Period and The Third Period ,because of glacier of The Fourth Period ,now they exist only in the area less
affected by glacier activities.They mostly grow in the mountain area at an elevation of 1 ,200-1 ,500 m.It s one of the
few ancient tropical plants survived from The Third Period once named “ live fossil of plant” peculiar to China and clas-
sified as first-rate protected rare plants of monogenus of monospecies[ 1 ,2] .D .involucrata var.vilmoriniana is the muta-
tion of D.involucrata.In this , through field investigation , it s found that there re about 10 ,000 trees of D.involcrata
var.vilmoriniana in Sanjiangkou Nature Reserve of Danguan County ,besides , the exploiting and protecting investigation
of the resource discussed.
Sanjiangkou Nature Reserve is located in the north of Zhaotong city , Yunnan province ,28°09′42″-28°14′51″N and
103°53′38″-104°51′55″E , on Mugang Town , Daguan county , and area is 6.8 Km2.It s a branch range of Wumong
Mountain ,high in the northeast and low in the south-east ,bordering on the Jinsha River in the north-west.Elevation 1 ,
369 m in the center , the highest elevation is 2 ,420 m.Weather belongs to monsoon and Plateau Climate of subtropics ,
cool in the winter ,warm in the summer ,humidity all the year , the average temperature is 10℃, the maximum tempera-
ture is 29℃, the minimum temperature is -10℃, the period without frost is 200-240 days , the annual average rainfall
is 1 ,000-1 , 300 mm , yearly evaporation water is about 900 mm..Landform is mainly Zhongshan Landform , for being
eroded and cut by the water of Jinsha River , it is broken and undulating.The Nature Reserve principally protects
primeval broad-leaf trees and protophyte of Castanopsis platyacntha Rehd.et.wils.
1　The population character of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana scattered in Sanjiangkou
Nature Reserve of Yunnan province
　　Statistical method and choicing sample of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana of Nature Reserve refer to Wang L.[ 3]
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and so on.The vertical structure of forest vegetation in Nature Reserve is complex , and the tree layer , shrub layer and
herb layer are divided obviously (as is shown in table 1).
Tab.1　Plant composition of tree layer , shrub layer and herb layer of forest with the distribution of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana
vegetation type Zhongshan wet even-green broad-leaf trees
soil condition
type:yellow and brown soil;maternal rock:sand-shale lime stone;gravel content:10-20%;humidity:damp;tex-
ture:middle-soil;thickness of soil:thin thickness of human layer , thin ,middle
topography
elevation:1 500 m and above;position of slope:middle and above of mountain;the direction of slope:shady , half
shady;degree of slope:Ⅲ-V
plant composition tree layer
the first sub-layer:D.involucrata var.vi lmoriniana , C.cathayensis , P.racemosa;the second sub-layer:D.in-
volucrata var.ilmoriniana , C.platyacntha Rehd.et wils , Magnolia delavavi , B.controversum , P.padus , C.pseudo-
cerasus , D.papyracea , C.cathayensis;the third sub-layer:D.involucrata var.ilmoriniana , B.controversum , S.pan-
iculata , G.subavenium , M.delavavi , V.negundo , D.papyracea , C.pitardii , P.stenobtera , L.chinese , C.pseudocera-
sue;height:5-15m;covering degree:25%
shrub layer
Q.tumidinoda , L.pururea , R.corchorifolius , L.bicolor , R.simsii , C.nepalensis , R.omeiensis , V.dilatatum , A.
chinensis , I .simonsii , L.pungens , A.chinensis , S.caudate , A.elata;height:1.6 m;covering degree:16%
herb layer
Q.tumidinoda , C.microiria , O.haponicus , A.hispidus , R.C.Fortunei , P.revolutum , A.reflexa , S.japonica , L.
leontopodiodes , I.cylindrica , E.ciliata , D.daguanense , A.erunescens , D .cantoniense , P.daguanense , A.fokien-
sis , F.isatidis , T.koch , R.paridis , P.notoginseng , O.rubral , B.striata , D.versipellis;height:0.5 m;covering
degree:50%
　　Though investigation and analyses , the important values of the D .involucrata var.vilmoriniana in most sample
fields are not high ,but in some sample fields , D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana has the advantage of concentrated distri-
bution , forming the mountain-area deciduous broad-leaf trees population ,which is headed by D .involucrata var.vil-
moriniana and other rare plants.Some samplewood nearly becomes pure population of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana.
Because the tree layer headed by D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana are scattered , the closing degree is low in the forest ,
the herb plants on the ground are less , the slope of land is low , a number of seedlings appear , at the same time ,because
the D .involucrata var.vilmoriniana has strong tillering ability , if the stems are cut or hurt ,many tilleringes branched
will sprout from the root , some had 22 tillering branches in the stub covering about 20 m2 , the condition that in San-
jiangkou Nature Reserve D .involucrata var.vilmoriniana population headed the population ,wasn t replaced by other
plant , self-renewing advantage is strong , is seldom seen elsewhere.
Tab.2　Feature of D.involucrata community in Sanjiangkou Nature Reser
character
sample
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
kinds of arbors 13 3 4 8 7 5 4
species richness index 1 0.40 0.53 1.06 0.92 0.66 0.53
Relative abundance 7.14 53.85 77.78 46.55 29.79 5.56 25.0
Shannon-Weiner index 1.04 0.39 0.33 0.7 0.7 0.53 0.6
Species evenness 13.67 8.99 11.23 7.16 6.09 2.08 7.66
　　It can be found from Table 2 that the trees composition of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana community is not com-
plicated , the species richness index of trees in the community is low , average is 0.83 , at the same time , the community
has high homogeneity(2.08-13.67),Shannon-Weiner index of community is low 0.33-1.04 , it shows that the commu-
nity has reached top developing phase , advantageous species divide obviously , D .involucrata var.vilmoriniana takes
advantageous position in the community , species lack variety and high homogeneity , D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana are
scattered in community.
2　The exploiting and using of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana in Sanjiangkou Nature Reserve
2.1　D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana seedling resource exploiting and using
D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana is peculiar in China ,monogenus of monospecies in classification , and relict plant
in the Third Period.It has the higher scientific research value in the evolutionary biology , taxology and other subject.
With the government around the world on the conservation of biological diversity attention , the introduction and extend-
ing planted of it will improve , so the more seedlings will be needed.The ornamental planting makes the requirement to
be the more.
2.2　Ornamental value and other using exploiting of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana
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D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana is the defoliating arbor , alternating single leaf with sawtoothes on the edge , no
stipule , and heart-shape.The 2-3 big bracts grow on the base of tip-growth capitulum.The bracts are pea green at early
time and become ivory-white like as dove flying.It is the most namable ornamental species in the world because pecu-
liar capitulum ,bloom and leaf with ornamental value.It is planted everywhere as in park ,nature reserve , street , arbore-
tum and so on , and potted plant , stump miniascape.With the lignum particular , texture straight and smooth , middling
density ,no crack at desiccation , it is used for the carving , toy and art craftwork.
2.3　Forestation species recourse in the high elevation mountain
D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana can grow in the cold environment ,have the more cold resistance.Such as it sur-
vive in -14℃of Wufeng county in Hubei Province , and -11℃ of Gongshan county in Yunnan province[ 4] .It has the
strong ability for creating new bud , and the bud grows very fast , the sapling in the field extends about 60 cm one year.
It has the better adaptability of soil , and survives in the country yellow soil , yellow-brown soil ,brown soil and red soil.
It is the lower cost for the forestation , and the prior species for the high elevation mountain.
2.4　The secondary metabolic products of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana
Some secondary metabolic products of D.involucrata var.vilmorinians , as flavanol glycoside [ 5], industry oil [ 6], taraxe-
rone and some triterpenoid , tannic acid[ 7] and so on ,with function for medicine ,biologic pesticide , oil and health care.
The abstracts of leaf eliminate active oxygen radical ,pumiloside is the biosynthesis former of camptothecin for contra-
dicting tumor
[ 8].
3　The protection of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana resource in Sanjiangkou Nature Reserve
Sanjiangkou Nature Reserve is the place where protected the origin , famous , relict plant D.involucrata var.vil-
moriniana.It s very important to take relative measures to protect the gene and ecosystem of D.involucrata var.vil-
moriniana ,make use of the valuable gardening tree , prevent the natural ecosystem from retrograding and reduce the
man-made destruction in Nature Reserve through systematical research the structural character of D.involucrata popu-
lation.
3.1　Strengthen education to improve the inhabitants awareness to protect the ecology
Protection of ecology means management of ecosystem to avoid the further destruction and degeneration.We should
spread propaganda among the masses hear the Nature Reserve to improve their awareness to protect ecology , take mea-
sures to reduce man-made destruction and promote the self-recovery of ecosystem ,make the structure and function of e-
cosystem recover and keep on by itself.
3.2　Strengthen the protection of place of origin of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana
We must strengthen the management of existing resources ,protect the natural ecological environment of D.involu-
crata var.vilmoriniana and other rare plants , reduce interference , forbid severe deforestation , limit artificial collection of
seeds , otherwise , the distribution area of it will decrease , the vitality of its population will be damaged.We should never
relax the protection of origin place , though D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana has been planted widely introduction of
seeds.Now ,most natural ecosystem of D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana forest had been damaged in varying degrees ,we
should reconstruct the ecological environment of these places , rebuild a self-maintaining , self-developing D.involucrata
var.vilmoriniana population ecosystem.
D.involucrata var.vilmoriniana is an ancient remained plant.Its biological character limited its expansion , and
distribution area increasingly decreased.Especially people s activities destroy the environment , its population decreased
rapidly.So we should explore activity how to introduce the fine variety to other places and protect it , establish reproduc-
tion base , strengthen the research of developing biology and mechanism of dormancy about it , study the technological
ways and resolution plan to reproduce it quickly off the maternal trees , relieve , the threat from its weak reproductive a-
bility and human activities expand its scattered scope ,make the ancient rare decorative plant exist for ever.
References
[ 1] He S.A., Rare Plants of China[M] ,Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing Home.1998.
[ 2] List of major protected wild plants(the first group),The order of forest ry department and Agricultural Department(the fourth order)[ S] ,1999.
[ 3] Wang L.,Dai X.,Huang L.J.et al.The research of distribution of population of Davida vilmoriniana in Sangjiangkou Nature Reserve [ J] .WesternForestry
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Science , 2009 ,38(3):72-75.
[ 4] Su Zhi-xian , Zhang Su-lan , The Reproduct ive Phenology and the Influencing Factors of Davidia involucrate Population [ J] .Journal of Sichuan Teachers col-
lege(Natural Science),1999 , 20(4):313-318.
[ 5] Rast D.,Hyperosid das Hanpf lavonloglykosid Von Davidia involucrata Brai lla[ J] .Planta , 1968.80(2):154-158.
[ 6] Kieiman R., Spencer G.F.,Search for new industrial oi ls [ J] .Jamoil Chem.Soc , 1982 , 59(1):29-38.
[ 7] Xiang Gui-qing ,Study on chemical components of Davidia involucrate Ball.native to China [ J] .Acta Bot.Sin., 1989.31(7):540-543.
[ 8] Lui Rong ,Wang Cong-zhou ,OuYang ming-an , Studies on the alkaloid glycoside constituents from branch-bark of Davidia involucrata [ J] .Guihaia of China ,
2007(2):277-280.
三江口自然保护区光叶珙桐资源调查
及开发保护研究
代　勋1 ,王　磊1 ,陈屏昭1 ,黄良江2 ,汤加鑫3
(1.昭通师范高等专科学校 化学系 ,云南 昭通 657000;
2.大关三江口林场 ,云南 大关 657400;3.昭通渔洞水库管理局 ,云南 昭通 657000)
摘　要:光叶珙桐是中国濒危的国家一级保护植物 ,是中国特有的单属单种植物.在野外调查的基础上 , 分析了
三江口自然保护区光叶珙桐的种群特征 ,并进一步探讨了该自然保护区珙桐资源的开发及保护对策.
关键词:三江口自然保护区;光叶珙桐;种群特征;调查;开发;保护
(上接第 70页)
Existence about Almost Periodic Solution for a Class of Second
Order with Delayed Differential Equations
HUANGJi-zhou1 ,LI Peng-chen2 ,HUANG Qing-hua1
(1.Guangdong Qingyuan Polytechnic ,Qingyuan 511510, China;2.Guangdong Radio &TV University ,Guangzhou 510091 ,China)
Abstract:In this paper , by means of exponential dichotomy and fixed point theorem , the existence of almost periodic
solution of delayed Duffing equations
x″+f(x(t))x′+p(t)x+g(t , x(t-τ))=q(t)
is investigated.and a sufficient theorem is obtained for the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solution of
delayed Duffing equations.
Key words:Duffing equations;fixed point theorem;almost periodic solution
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