全 文 ：·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment2013年第11卷 第1期
!
!
଻૵௡Վ࿒क़ၶ߅ሳ!
Chong Chien Hwa1᧨ Law Chung Lim2
1偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ⋄ࢦ໻ᄺ࣪ᄺᎹ⿟㋏ˈ䲾݄㥾Ꮂˈ47500
2䇎ϕ∝໻ᄺ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯߚ᷵࣪ᄺϢ⦃๗Ꮉ⿟㋏ˈ䲾݄㥾Ꮂˈ43500
Ռͯͯ࿒ē༗௉໎
˄໽⋹⾥ᡔ໻ᄺᴎẄᎹ⿟ᄺ䰶ˈ໽⋹ˈ300222˅
ᨬ㽕˖㠿漫䤓㱃噁妫⚺佥摞浧᧨㻃⒕⮩᧨㢾₏䱜㈗⹈㢢叟䍑䤓㻃㨫ᇭ⃉ℕ厌⮮ㆅ栎徽ⷧ㢅梃㉔權棜⇝⚺㻃摞ᇭ
䟀ℝ⚺佥摞浧᧨㇢䞷↯兮䤓䍼歝㄁䑴扪嫛㄁䑴㢅᧨㱃噁妫嫷槱↩⒉䘿䎵佥▥ᇭ⃉ℕ⏚㦜扨₹桽欧᧨⦷㄁䑴䤓㆏ⱚ棅
㹄ㄣ䞷梃㷖䍼㾄㄁䑴㧉᧨⦷㄁䑴₼㦮ㄣ䞷⇝䂸䤓棳䄎䴉㺣ᇭ兢㨫嫷㢝᧶Ⓒ䞷㈹䘾䂸ㄵ✛抡◖䂸ㄵ㄁䑴䤓㫆❐䄎⚺摞
♾棜⇝Ⓙ 0.081~0.110᧤g 㻃/g ㄁䓸德᧥ᇭ㷳䪣䴅₼䞷㦘棟ぽ⒕㽤㧴↿並㦘㟗㓸㟲侊㟿⋋᧨戒Ⰼ⦿㲰㕮ℕ㄁䑴┷┪ⷵ
㟿㗽ᇭ⻀ℶ❐德摞力岏᧨⦷㈹䘾䂸ㄵ㄁䑴₼⑞⺠䍼歝㄁䑴㢅梃♾䞮ℶ㩣懾䤓㄁䑴ℶ❐ᇭ力₣᧨⇝䂸棳䄎䴉㺣䤓冢啞
⇫䞷厌⑞⺠㄁䑴㫆❐䤓㋊⇢欫唁♧▥ᇭ
݇䬂ᄫ˖㱃噁妫᧷⇝䂸棳䄎䴉㺣᧷㦘棟ぽ⒕㽤᧷㦘㟗㓸㟲侊㟿᧷ℶ❐德摞᧷㋊欫唁♧▥
Ё೒ߚ㉏ো˖TB115˗ S375 ᭛⤂ᷛᖫⷕ˖A᭛ゴ㓪ো˖1727-3080˄2013˅01-0023-20

ᓩ㿔
ᾈ㦆㳰˄ ᇣ㦴㧱㳰 ᰃ˅ѻѢϰफѮഄऎⱘϔ
⾡Ѯ⛁ᏺ∈ᵰˈሲѢḥ⾥DŽᅗ৿᳝㞇亳㑸㓈
5.0~6.0g/100gˈ㲟ⱑ䋼 3.5~7.0g/100gˈ⺇∈࣪ড়
⠽ 84.0~87.0g/100gˈᡫണ㸔䝌 126mg/100g੠䝌
ᡫണ㸔 6.2mg/100g [1 ǃ 2]DŽձ᥂De Brito and
Narain[3]᠔䗄ˈ㧹ݏ៤ߚ˄ᇸ݊ᰃᡫ⇻࣪ࠖ˅Ӯ
䱣ⴔ៤❳ᯊ䯈㗠ޣᇥ ⬅ˈѢЍᅕ䝌ⱘޣᇥ੠⫳࣪
ডᑨⱘߎ⦄ 䖬ˈӮᓩ䍋໮䜮㉏ⱘߚ㾷ᑊᔶ៤݊Ҫ
⠽䋼DŽ៤❳ⱘᾈ㦆㳰া㛑ᄬᬒᕜⷁⱘᯊ䯈ˈ㑺
3~4 ໽DŽ᠔ҹѻ䞣䖛໮㗠ᴹϡঞ໘⧚ᰃݰ⇥೼ᬊ
㦋ᄷ㡖䘛ࠄⱘ᳔ᐌ㾕䯂乬DŽ಴ℸ 䞛ˈᨬৢᇍѻક
䖯㸠ᑆ➹໘⧚ᴹܟ᳡ℸ㉏䯂乬 ᑆˈ➹ৃҹᓊ䭓៤
❳ᾈ㦆㳰ⱘټᄬᯊ䯈 ˈޣᇥ䖤䕧䌍⫼ Փˈ㧹ݏᤳ
༅ޣࠄ᳔ᇥ㗠Ϩᆍᯧ᪡԰DŽࠄⳂࠡЎℶ াˈ᳝ᕜ
ᇥⱘ᭛⤂䆄䕑њᾈ㦆㳰ⱘӴ㒳ᑆ➹ᮍ⊩DŽ
Chongㄝ [4-5]ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰ㸼ᯢ˖߽⫼ᰦᑆ੠
⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰Ϣᮄ剰ⱘᾈ㦆㳰Ⳍ↨
˄p<0.05˅ˈ ᘏԧ买㡆੠㒧ᵘব᳝࣪ᕜ໻ϡৠDŽ
ᰦᑆⱘᾈ㦆㳰ߛ⠛ⱘᘏԧ买㡆ব࣪Ў 23ˈ㗠⛁
亢ᑆ➹˄50~70 ć˅ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ᘏԧ买㡆ব࣪Ў
17-28DŽ⫼ᰦᑆ⊩ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ߛ⠛䰸ᔍᗻ໪ˈ
݊⹀ᑺǃ㉬㒧ᗻǃ੔ಐᑺ䛑থ⫳њᕜ໻ⱘব࣪
˄p<0.05 DŽ˅✊㗠ˈ⫼⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ߛ⠛ⱘ
⹀ᑺ੠੔ಐᑺ䱣ⴔ⏽ᑺⱘछ催㗠๲ࡴ Ԛˈ݊㉬㒧
ᗻ੠ᔍᗻ੠ᮄ剰ᾈ㦆㳰Ⳍ↨޴ТֱᣕϡবDŽ
ᑆ➹∈ᵰⱘ䋼䞣ˈབ买㡆ব࣪੠㒧ᵘব࣪ˈ
ᰃᕅડ⍜䌍㗙᥹ফϢ৺ⱘЏ㽕಴㋴DŽ㻤বডᑨ੠
㒧ᵘব࣪ᰃ೼ᑆ➹䖛⿟Ёߎ⦄ⱘ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ䗔࣪
⦄䈵DŽMcMinn੠ Magee [6]ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰ㸼ᯢ˖ぎ
⇨ᑆ➹ⱘ⫳⠽ᴤ᭭ⱘ㒘㒛Ӯ䱣ⴔᑆ➹䖛⿟Ё৿
∈䞣ⱘޣᇥ㗠ภ䱋DŽ㗠ϨˈErenturk ㄝ [7]থ⦄
DOI:10.16575/j.cnki.issn1727-3080.2013.01.007
·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
೼ᑆ➹⥿⩄ᵰᯊ催⏽ӮᤳണᵰᅲDŽ಴ℸ ЎˈњՓ
∈ᵰᑆ➹Ёⱘϡ߽ᕅડޣᇣࠄ᳔ᇣ䳔㽕⹂ᅮড়
䗖ⱘᑆ➹ᴎ੠݋ԧⱘᑆ➹᭄᥂DŽ݊ Ёϔ⾡ড়⧚ⱘ
ᮍ⊩ᰃᑨ⫼䯈ℛᑆ➹ᴹޣᇥ⬅Ѣ催⏽ᑆ➹੠∈
ߚⱘᖿ䗳⿏䰸㗠䗴៤ⱘ⛁ᑨ࡯੠∈ߚẃᑺ ᇸˈ݊
ᇍ৿㊪䞣催ⱘѻક㗠㿔DŽ߽⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ⱘ䯈
ℛᑆ➹ᰃϔ⾡䴲䖲㓁ⱘᑆ➹䖛⿟ ᅗˈ䖤⫼ϡৠⱘ
᪡԰ᴵӊˈབ਼ᳳব࣪ⱘय़࡯ǃ⏽ᑺǃ⌕䗳ˈ䗤
ℹব࣪῵ᓣ੠ᓔ/݇῵ᓣDŽᑆ➹䖛⿟᳝ϸϾ䰊↉˖
ेϔᰃ᳝߽Ѣݙ䚼∈ߚ䖙䗳ᠽᬷⱘϡ⌏䎗ᑆ➹
ᳳ Ѡˈᰃ߽⫼ᑆ➹ҟ䋼˄ བ⛁ⱘএ⑓ぎ⇨៪㗙䖛
⛁㪌≑ ⱘ˅⌏䎗ᑆ➹ᳳDŽ䖭⾡ᑆ➹ᮍ⊩ৃҹ⫳ѻ
݋᳝䕗ད⡍ᗻⱘ∈ᵰѻક[8-9]DŽ Chuaㄝ[9]⫼ϡৠ
ⱘ䯈ℛᑆ➹ᮍ⊩˄ བԭᓺ⊶ᔶব࣪੠ⶽᔶ⊶ᔶব
࣪˅ᇍ佭㬝ǃೳ䈚ǃ⬾⷇ᾈᑆ➹خ䖛ⷨおDŽҪӀ
থ⦄೼ᑆ➹Ё⏽ᑺⱘব࣪㛑Փᑆ➹ⱘ⬾⷇ᾈⱘ
ᡫണ㸔䝌ⱘ⸈ണޣᇣࠄ᳔ᇥDŽ঺໪ ˈߚ߿೼ 35 ć
੠ 25 ćᑨ⫼ᬍ䖯ⱘԭᓺ⊶ᔶ੠ⶽᔶ⊶ᔶ䯈ℛᑆ
➹ⱘ佭㬝ǃೳ䈚ǃ੠⬾⷇ᾈⱘᘏԧ买㡆ব࣪ৃҹ
ߚ߿ޣᇥ㟇㑺 67%ǃ87%੠ 75%DŽ
؛䆒Ԣⱘ㸼䴶⏽ᑺৃҹՓᑆ➹ѻકⱘ㸼䴶
⹀࣪੠⛺㊪࣪ডᑨ⿟ᑺޣᇣࠄ᳔ԢDŽ೼ϡ⌏䎗ⱘ
ᑆ➹䰊↉Ё⫼䕗Ԣⱘᑆ➹⏽ᑺ˄ ⏽ᑺব࣪㣗ೈЎ
10 ࠄ 12 ć˅DŽ㗠Ϩ ⫼ˈᣕ㓁ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹੠Ԣ⏽এ
⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹԰Ў᥻ࠊখ᭄䖯㸠ᇍ↨DŽ
ℸⷨおЁ ෎ˈѢᅲ偠㾖⌟থሩњϔ⾡ᮄൟᑆ
➹ᾈ㦆㳰ⱘᮍ⊩⫼ҹ᳔໻⿟ᑺⱘֱᣕѻક䋼䞣DŽ
⫼᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩ᴹԄㅫ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ㋏᭄ⱘؐDŽ✊ৢ⫼
᳝ᬜᠽᬷ㋏᭄ᴹ῵ᢳব࣪⏽ᑺᯊᑆ➹ᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ
ᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺDŽᑊϨ ೼ˈϡৠⱘᑆ➹ᮍ⊩ᯊᾈ㦆㳰
ⱘક䋼⡍ᗻ˄ བ㒧ᵘব࣪੠买㡆ব࣪ г˅䖯㸠њ
ⷨおDŽ
ᴤ᭭੠ᮍ⊩
 ḋકޚ໛
ᾈ㦆㳰Ңᔧഄⱘ∈ᵰկᑨଚ˄࣫㒀 20 57’
0ˈϰ㒣 1010 50’60ˈ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯⱘ䲾݄㥾Ꮂ˅䌁
фDŽ⫼ϡ䫜䩶ߔᇚᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ⾡ᄤ䰸এᑊᇚ㙝ߛ៤
ሎᇌЎ 4.0 cm x 3.0 cm x 0.3 cmⱘᇣഫDŽ✊ৢᇚ
ḋકᬒ೼⛁亢এ⑓ぎ⇨ⱘ䯈ℛᑆ➹ᴎЁⱘ໮ᄨ
ᵓϞ ⫼ˈব࣪ⱘ⏽ᑺ䖯㸠ᑆ➹DŽḋક䋼䞣ⱘޣᇥ
⫼⬉ᄤ໽ᑇ˄ Adventure OHAUS, AR3130, USA˅
䆄ᔩˈ⌟䞣㣗ೈЎ 0-310g ˈ㋏㒳䇃Ꮒr 0.001gˈ
㄀ϔϾᇣᯊ↣ 15 ߚ䩳䆄ᔩϔ⃵ˈ䱣ৢ↣ϔϾᇣ
ᯊ䆄ᔩϔ⃵ Ⳉˈࠄ⑓৿䞣ֱᣕϡবDŽᑆ➹ᴎݙⱘ
Ⳍᇍ⑓ᑺ੠ぎ⇨⏽ᑺ⫼⑓ᑺ䅵 (HygroFlex,
RS232, USA)⌟䞣ˈᑆ➹⇨ԧⱘ⌕䗳⫼⇨ԧ⌕䞣
䅵 (Rotronic, D5-U-2, USA)⌟䞣DŽ䗮ܹᣕ㓁ⱘԢ
⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨˄⏽ᑺ 11.54r 0.26 OC˅੠ᣕ㓁ⱘ⛁
亢˄⏽ᑺ 53.94r 0.03 OC˅ˈ ೼ᑆ➹ᅸݙⱘᑇഛ
⌕䗳ഛЎ 1.39r 0.08 m/sDŽ
ℸⷨおЁᑨ⫼ⱘᑆ➹ᮍ⊩᳝ ᘦ˖ᅮ⏽ᑺ˄ 䖲
㓁⛁亢੠䖲㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨˅ˈ ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄1H–1C–H, 2H–1C–H, 3H–1C–H ੠4H–1C–H˅
੠䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄ 1C–H, 2C–H, 3C–H ੠ 4C–H DŽ˅ᑆ
➹ᮍ⊩ⱘᅮН㾕㸼 1DŽ

㸼ᾈ㦆㳰ߛ⠛⛁亢䰸⑓ぎ⇨䯈ℛᑆ➹ࠊᑺ
7DEOHU\LQJSURILOHVIRULQWHUPLWWHQWKRWDLUGHKXPLGLILHGDLUGU\LQJRIFKHPSHGDNVODEV
ᑆ➹ᴵӊ ᅮН
ᘦᅮ⏽ᑺ
HA ᑆ➹⏽ᑺЎ 53.94r 0.03 OC
LTDA ᑆ➹⏽ᑺЎ 11.54r 0.26 OC
·2·第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
1H-1C-H 1ᇣᯊHAᑆ➹——1ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——㒻㓁HAᑆ➹
2H-1C-H 2ᇣᯊHAᑆ➹——1ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——㒻㓁HAᑆ➹
3H-1C-H 3ᇣᯊHAᑆ➹——1ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——㒻㓁HAᑆ➹
4H-1C-H 4ᇣᯊHAᑆ➹——1ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——㒻㓁HAᑆ➹
䗦छ⏽ᑺ
1C-H 1ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——HAᑆ➹
2C-H 2ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——HAᑆ➹
3C-H 3ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——HAᑆ➹
4C-H 4ᇣᯊLTDAᑆ➹——HAᑆ➹
೒⛁亢䰸⑓ぎ⇨䯈ℛᑆ➹ᴎ⼎ᛣ೒üࠊދࠖԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ˈ⛁亢
)LJ6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRILQWHUPLWWHQWKRWDLUGHKXPLGLILHGDLUGU\HU
ü5HIULJHUDQWIORZ/RZWHPSHUDWXUHGHKXPLGLILHGDLUDQGKRWDLU
·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
⛁亢এ⑓ぎ⇨䯈ℛᑆ➹⊩
ᑆ➹ᴎ⬅ϸϾሎᇌЎ 33 cm x 102 cm x 31
cm ⱘᑆ➹ᅸ㒘៤˄བ೒ 1 DŽ˅ḍ᥂ᑆ➹ᴵӊⱘϡ
ৠˈ催⏽ぎ⇨੠Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ৃҹ䗮䖛ᑆ➹ᅸDŽ
ᔧ催⏽ぎ⇨䖯ܹϔϾᅸ Ԣˈ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ህӮ䖯ܹ
঺ϔϾᅸݙDŽ೼䯈ℛ᪡԰䖛⿟Ё 催ˈ⏽ぎ⇨੠Ԣ
⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ৃ䖯㸠ѸᤶDŽᑆ➹ᴎϞ㺙᳝⛁⋉㋏
㒳˖य़㓽ᴎǃ⬉ࡴ⛁఼ǃぎ䇗ऩܗǃϸϾ⏽ᑺ䅵
(HygroFlex, RS232, USA)੠ϸϾ⇨ԧ⌕䞣䅵
(Rotronic, D5-U-2, USA)DŽ⛁⋉㋏㒳ⱘय़㓽ᴎᰃ
9720kJ/hˈࠊދ㛑࡯Ў 2.7kWDŽ催⏽ぎ⇨੠Ԣ⏽
এ⑓ぎ⇨ৃҹϢ⛁⋉㋏㒳Ёⱘࠊދࠖᤶ⛁ ᅗˈӀ
Ѹ᳓ⱘ䗮䖛ᑆ➹ᅸDŽ঺໪ ࡴˈ⛁఼ৃҹᡞ⛁ぎ⇨
䖯ϔℹࡴ⛁ࠄ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ⏽ᑺDŽ
᭄ᄺ῵ൟ
৿∈⥛˄MR˅ᅮНЎ˖
ei
et
MM
MMM R


(1)
ᓣЁ—— tM 㸼⼎ t ᯊⱘ৿∈䞣ˈ eM 㸼⼎ᑇ㸵
ᯊⱘ৿∈䞣ˈ iM 㸼⼎߱ྟ৿∈䞣DŽ
ᑆ➹䗳⥛ ¸
¹
·
¨
©
§
dt
dM
⬅ᓣ˄2˅ˈ˄3˅ˈ˄4˅㸼⼎
ⱘ৿∈䞣ⱘব࣪䅵ㅫ[10-12]DŽ؛䆒ᑆ➹䴶⿃A೼ᭈ
Ͼᑆ➹䖛⿟ЁֱᣕϡবDŽᅲ偠䖯㸠ϝ⃵DŽ
ϔ 䰊 ᳝ 䰤 Ꮒ ߚ ˈ ᔧ 0tt ᯊ ˈ
01
11
tt
MM
Ad t
d M o


¸
¹
·
¨
©
§ (2)
Ѡ䰊Ёᖗ᳝䰤Ꮒߚ ᔧˈ itt ˄i=1,2,…,N-2,N-1˅
ᯊˈ
11
111




¸
¹
·
¨
©
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ii
ii
tt
MM
Ad t
d M
(3)
ϔ 䰊 ড ৥ ᳝ 䰤 Ꮒ ߚ ˈ ᔧ Ntt ᯊ ˈ
1
11




¸
¹
·
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NN
NN
tt
MM
Ad t
d M
(4)
䴲〇ᗕᠽᬷৃҹᑨ⫼ϔ㓈᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩
˄FDM˅˄ ᯊ䯈ඳ੠ぎ䯈ඳ˅∖㾷[13]DŽ䖭䞠䞛⫼
FDM῵ൟˈᑨ⫼FDM೼ৃৃ䈚ⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ੠
῵ᢳЁԄㅫⱘ᳝䰤ᠽᬷ㋏᭄ؐⱘᑇഛⳌᇍأᏂ
᳔ᇣ[11]DŽFDMৃҹ῵ᢳᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺᑊᕫߎ᳝ᬜ
ᠽᬷ㋏᭄ؐˈ෎Ѣҹϟ؛䆒˖
(1) ⬅Ѣ८ᑺϢ䭓ǃᆑⱘ↨ᕜᇣˈৃҹ䅸Ў
ᰃϔ㓈ᠽᬷ[14]DŽḍ᥂Zhou᠔䗄[15]ˈབᵰϸϾሎ
ᇌ䖰໻Ѣ㄀ϝϾሎᇌ ḋˈકৃ䅸ЎЎ㭘⠛ˈे া
᳝ϔ㓈䋼䞣⊓ⴔ८ᑺᮍ৥থ⫳ᯢᰒব࣪DŽ䖭䞠८
ᑺ੠䭓ᑺП↨Ў 0.075DŽ
(2) ߱ྟ৿∈䞣ⳌৠDŽ
(3) ᾈ㦆㳰ߛ⠛೼ᅣ㾖Ϟ䅸Ўᰃഛࣔⱘˈ৘
৥ৠᗻⱘDŽ
(4) ѻક㸼䴶᳝∈ߚ㪌থDŽ
 Ԅㅫ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛੠῵ᢳᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺⱘ᥻
ࠊᮍ⿟
ᮍ⿟˄5˅ᰃϔϾϢᯊ䯈᳝݇ⱘӴ䋼ᮍ⿟ˈ
ৃҹ⫼ᰒᓣ᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩∖㾷DŽ
2
2),(
x
M RD
t
txM R
e f f w
w

w
w
(5)
佪ܜˈᇚᯊ䯈ඳ x ੠ᯊ䯈ඳ t ߚ៤ᇣ䚼
ߚDŽ৿∈⥛ MR ⱘӏԩؐ x ੠ᯊ䯈 t ৃҹ⫼ᮍ⿟
˄6˅㸼⼎˖
i
mMtixmM RtxM R { ),(),( (6)
ᑨ⫼ҹϞヺো MˈR ݇Ѣぎ䯈ব䞣ⱘ᳝䰤Ꮒ
ߚᔶᓣⱘأᇐ᭄˄ᮍ⿟ 5˅ৃ⬅ᮍ⿟˄7˅䖥Ԑ
㸼⼎˖
·2·第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
2
11
,
2
2
)(
2
x
MMM
x
M im
i
m
i
m
im

#
w
w  (7)
ᮍ⿟˄8˅㸼⼎ MR ݇Ѣᯊ䯈ඳⱘ᳝䰤Ꮒᔶ
ᓣⱘأᇐ᭄˄ᮍ⿟ 5˅˖
t
MM
t
M im
i
m
im

#
w
w 1
,
(8)
ᇚᮍ⿟˄7˅੠˄8˅ߚ߿ҷܹᮍ⿟˄5˅ৃ
ᕫࠄ MR ݇Ѣᯊ䯈ⱘϔ㓈᳝䰤Ꮒᮍ⿟ˈे˖
rM Rim
1 ( im
i
m M RM R 11   ) + ( r21 )
i
mMR (9)
ᓣЁ˖ i=0 1ˈ,3 .ˈ..ˈ˗ m=1,2,3 .ˈ..ˈm-2ˈm-1DŽ
ᰒᓣ᳝䰤Ꮒߚ݀ᓣা䗖⫼Ѣ〇ᅮᗻ߸᥂ rDŽ
r ৃ⬅ᮍ⿟˄ 10 䅵˅ㅫߎ rˈ ⱘব࣪㣗ೈЎ 0~0.5ˈ
䰆ℶ䫭䇃੠ߚ࣪ⱘ㒧ᵰ˖
2)( x
tD
r eff


(10)
߱ྟᴵӊབϟ˖߱ ྟᯊ䯈ti=0;৿∈⥛MR=1.
ϔ㓈䖍⬠ᴵӊЎ˖
䎱⾏Ёᖗˈ 2
Lx ; 0 dx
dMR
˗
೼㸼䴶ˈx=L;MR=MRe
ҹ߱ྟᴵӊ i=0 ᓔྟ ḋˈકⱘ৿∈䞣೼䱣ৢ
ⱘ↣ϔℹЁ䖯㸠䅵ㅫⳈࠄ䆒ᅮⱘᯊ䯈DŽ㡖⚍ 1
㸼⼎㸼䴶 㒜ˈ⚍㸼⼎ߛ⠛८ᑺⱘϔञDŽ೼↣ϔϾ
㡖⚍ˈ᳝䰤ᏂߚԄㅫⱘ৿∈⥛˄MR˅⬅↣↉ᯊ
䯈↣ϔℹⱘ MR ⱘᑇഛؐ䅵ㅫDŽḋક೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄⛁亢ˈHA-Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ˈLTDA-⛁亢ˈHA˅
੠䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ LˈTDA-⛁亢ˈHA˅
ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ᳆㒓ߚ߿㹿ߚ៤ϝϾ੠ϸϾ
䚼ߚ ˈߚ߿䅵ㅫ೼ϡৠⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊϟߛ⠛ⱘ᳝ᬜ
ᠽᬷ⥛DŽ⫼ Excel˄ Mircosoft Office Excel 2ˈ003˅
ᴹ䅵ㅫ᳝䰤ᠽᬷ⥛DŽ
 㒧ᵘߚᵤ
ᇚḋકᬒ㕂೼㒧ᵘߚᵤ఼ৄϞDŽ೼乘⌟䆩ǃ
⌟䆩ǃৢ 㓁⌟䆩Ё᥶䩜ⱘ⿏ࡼ䗳ᑺߚ߿Ў 1.0,1.5
੠ 5.0mm/sDŽᇚϔϾⳈᕘЎ 2.0mm ⱘ᷅ᔶ᥶䩜ᬒ
㕂೼䎱ḋક㸼䴶ҹϞ 10mm ໘DŽ೼ߚᵤЁ ᇚˈ᥶
䩜ᦦܹḋકЁⱘ⏅ᑺЎ 10mm˄㾺থ࡯=5.0g DŽ˅
೼㒧ᵘߚᵤЁ⫼Ѡ㑻ᕾ⦃य़㓽 བˈ೒ 2 ᠔⼎DŽ㄀
ѠϾ᳔໻ⱘ࡯ᑨ⫼೼ৠḋⱘԡ㕂 ҹˈ⹂ᅮᔍᗻ੠
㉬㒧ᗻⱘؐDŽᦣ䗄೎ԧ∈ᵰ㒧ᵘ⡍ᗻⱘᛳᅬᗻ⢊
ⱘᅮН⬅ᮍ⿟ 11,12,13,14 㒭ߎDŽ
⹀ᑺˈH=F1 (11)
⹀ᑺЎこ䗣ḋકⱘ㄀ϔϾ᳔໻ⱘ࡯DŽ
ᔍᗻˈ
1
2
T
TS ˄12˅
ᔍᗻЎ㄀ѠϾऎඳᓔྟࠄ㄀ѠϾ᥶䩜䗚䕀ⱘᯊ
䯈Ϣ㄀ϔϾऎඳᓔྟࠄ㄀ϔϾ᥶䩜䗚䕀ⱘᯊ䯈
П↨DŽ
㉬㒧ᗻˈ
1
2
A
AC ˄13˅
㉬㒧ᗻЎ䴶⿃A2ϢA1П↨ˈᅗ㸼⼎ḋકᇍѠ⃵
বᔶᕫᡓফ㛑࡯DŽ
੔ಐᑺˈ SCHCW uu ˄14˅
੔ಐᑺЎ⹀ᑺˈ㉬㒧ᗻ੠ᔍᗻⱘЬ⿃DŽ
ࠡ䖍ᦤঞⱘᛳᅬ⡍ᗻˈৃ ᑨ⫼㒧ᵘߚᵤ䕃ӊ
˄Texture Profile AnalysisˈTPA˅ᅣ䅵ㅫᕫߎ
(Texture Exponent 32 Stable Micro System, Texture
Profile Analysis, 2007)DŽ
·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
೒䋼ഄߚᵤⱘ݌ൟ)7⼎ᛣ೒
)LJ7\SLFDOIRUFHWLPHGLDJUDPRIWH[WXUHDQDO\VLV

 㡆বߚᵤ
⫼∈㡆䅵˄AccuProbe, HH06, USA˅⌟䞣
*L , *a , *b ⱘؐDŽ *L 㸼⼎҂ᑺ বˈ࣪㣗ೈЎ
0˄咥˅ࠄ 100˄ⱑ˅˗ *a ⱘব࣪㣗ೈЎ-60˄㓓
ᑺ˅ࠄ 60˄ 㑶ᑺ˅˗ *b ⱘব࣪㣗ೈЎ-60˄ 㪱ᑺ˅
ࠄ 60˄咘ᑺ DŽ˅ *L , *a , *b ؐⱘأᏂߚ߿⬅ᮍ
⿟˄15˅ˈ˄16˅ˈ˄17˅㸼⼎ˈᅗӀⱘᏂ⫼ᴹ䅵ㅫ
⫼买㡆ব࣪˄ E ˅˄ ᮍ⿟˄18˅˅DŽ催ⱘ买㡆ব
࣪˄ E ˅ҷ㸼ᑆ➹ḋક催ⱘ买㡆䗔࣪DŽ
*** oLLL  (15)
*** oaaa  (16)
*** obbb  (17)
2
1
222 ]* )(* )(* )[ ( baLE  (18)
 㒳䅵ߚᵤ
ҢTPAЁ㦋ᕫⱘ᭄᥂⫼ᅠܼⱘ䱣ᴎ䆒䅵䖯
㸠ߚᵤDŽᮍᏂߚᵤ⫼SAS㒳䅵䕃ӊࣙ˄ SAS/STAT
9.1,2004 㸼˅⼎DŽ㒧ᵘ⡍ᗻⱘᑇഛؐϢ“ᴰ߃⇣Ꮒ
䎱Ẕᅮ”˄ HSD ೼˅㕂ֵ∈ᑇЎ 95%ᯊ䖯㸠↨䕗ˈ
䖭䞠p<0.05 㸼⼎Ꮒ߿ᕜ໻DŽ⏽ᑺ Ⳍˈᇍ⑓ᑺ੠⌕
䗳⫼⏽ᑺ䅵੠⇨ԧ⌕䞣䅵⌟ᕫ ˈߚ߿㸼⼎Ўᑇഛ
ؐrᷛޚᏂⱘᔶᓣDŽ㒳䅵খ᭄ བˈ߸ᅮ㋏᭄˄ R2˅ˈ
वᮍ˄ 2F ˅,ഛᮍḍ䇃Ꮒ˄RMSE˅੠ᑇഛأᏂ
˄MBE˅䛑⬅ᮍ⿟˄19˅ˈ˄20˅ˈ˄21˅੠˄22˅
㸼⼎DŽ䖭ѯখ᭄⫼ᴹ䆘Ӌ䕗Ԣⱘवᮍ˄ 2F ˅ˈ ഛ
ᮍḍ䇃Ꮒ˄RMSE˅੠ᑇഛأᏂ˄MBE˅П䯈ⱘ
ᢳড়ӬᑺⱘDŽ䕗催ⱘ߸ᅮ㋏᭄˄R2˅㸼⼎䕗དⱘ
ᢳড়ӬᑺDŽ
2A
Force, g
Time, sec
1T
1F
2F
2T
1A
·2·第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
2
e x p1
2
e x p ,1
2
,1
2
,1
e x p ,1,1e x p ,,12
)(-)()(-)(
-
i
N
ii
N
iip r e
N
iip r e
N
i
i
N
iip r e
N
iiip r e
N
i
M RM RNM RM RN
M RM RM RM RN
R


6666
666
(19)
zN
M RM R
N
i
ip r ei



¦
1
2
,e x p ,
2
)(
F (20)
2
1
1
2
,e x p , )(
1
»
¼
º
«
¬
ª
 ¦

N
i
ip r ei M RM RN
R S M E (21)
¸
¹
·
¨
©
§
 ¦

N
i
ip r ei M RM RN
M B E
1
2
,e x p , )(
1
(22)
㒧ᵰ੠䅼䆎
 ᑆ➹⡍ᕕ੠ᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ
⫼䖲㓁ⱘ⛁亢੠䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹
ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ৿∈䞣੠ᑆ➹䗳⥛བ೒ 3 ᠔⼎DŽ೼ϸ
⾡ᑆ➹ᴵӊϟ䛑᳝ϸϾ䰡䗳ᑆ➹䰊↉DŽ೒ 3 Ё᮴
ᘦ䗳ᑆ➹↉ᰃ⬅Ѣᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉䖛ᖿ䗴៤ⱘDŽ
ձ᥂Lahsasniㄝ[16]ˈSingh੠Gupta[17]᠔䗄ˈ㔎ᇥ
ᘦ䗳↉ᰃ⬅Ѣ೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉ϡ㛑ᦤկ䎇໳
ⱘ∈ߚ䗴៤ⱘDŽ᮴ᘦ䗳↉ⱘ㄀ѠϾॳ಴ᰃ㸼䴶䋳
㥋Ԣˈℸᅲ偠ЁሎᇌЎ 4.0cm x 3.0cm x 0.3cmⱘ
ߛ⠛ⱘ㸼䴶䋳㥋া᳝ 1.773kg/m2DŽḍ᥂Fatouh
ㄝ[18]᠔䗄ˈᔧ㸼䴶䋳㥋ԢѢ 3.50kg/m2ᯊˈᑆ➹
ⱘᘦ䗳↉ህϡӮᄬ೼DŽ೼೒ 3 Ё៥Ӏৃҹⳟࠄ৿
∈䞣ޣᇥⱘ䗳ᑺПᖿᰃᰒ㗠ᯧ㾕ⱘ˄ ㄀ϔϾ䰡䗳
↉˅ˈℸᯊ䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ৿∈䞣Ң 2.071
䰡ࠄ 0.939g ∈/gᑆ⠽䋼˄∈ߚޣᇥњ 55% DŽ˅ৠ
ᯊ ߽ˈ⫼䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䖯㸠ᑆ➹ᯊ ḋˈક
ⱘ৿∈䞣Ң 2.15 ϟ䰡ࠄ 1.88g ∈/gᑆ⠽䋼˄ ∈ߚ
ޣᇥњ 13% DŽ˅䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘЁ৿∈䞣ޣᇥⱘ
᳈໮DŽ㒧ᵰ㸼ᯢ ৿˖∈䞣ⱘޣᇥ੠ᑆ➹䗳⥛পއ
Ѣ䕧ܹⱘ㛑䞣੠᥼ࡼ࡯DŽ಴ℸ ߽ˈ⫼䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ
➹ⱘḋકⱘ৿∈䞣ⱘޣᇥ㽕↨⫼䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ
⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ໮DŽ
㄀ϔϾ䰡䗳↉ᅠ៤ৢˈᓔྟ㄀ѠϾ䰡䗳↉ˈ
ߚ⬠⚍ᰃЈ⬠৿∈䞣ⱘϡৠDŽℸ䰊↉ⱘᑆ➹䗳ᑺ
੠㄀ϔϾ䰡䗳↉Ⳍ↨᳝᠔ϟ䰡 ᰃˈ⬅㒚㚲㒧ᵘⱘ
ᬊ㓽㗠䗴៤ⱘ ಴ˈЎ㒚㚲㒧ᵘⱘᬊ㓽ৃҹᇍ∈ߚ
ⱘএ䰸ѻ⫳ᢉᡫ԰⫼DŽSingh੠Gupta[17]гথ⦄ˈ
⬅Ѣᴤ᭭ᄨ䱭⥛ⱘᬊ㓽 䖲ˈ㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹䗳
⥛ᰃϟ䰡ⱘDŽ䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘЈ⬠∈ߚ৿䞣↨䖲
㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘЈ⬠∈ߚ৿䞣Ԣ˄ ৢ㗙Ў
1.7g∈/gᑆ⠽䋼ˈࠡ㗙Ў 0.8g∈/gᑆ⠽䋼 DŽ˅೼㄀
ѠϾ䰡䗳↉ ೼ˈ䖲㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ᴵӊϟⱘ
ᑆ➹䗳⥛Ԣ㟇 0.02g∈/gᑆ⠽䋼 sm ˜2 DŽ᳔㒜৿
∈䞣੠∈ߚ⌏ᑺߚ߿Ў 0.28 g∈ /gᑆ⠽䋼੠
0.88DŽབᵰḋકⱘ∈ߚ⌏ᑺ䕗催ˈབ 0.88ˈህ㛑
໳ᇐ㟈䳝㦠੠ᖂ⫳⠽ⱘ⫳䭓DŽৠḋ াˈ⫼䖲㓁Ԣ
⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹гϡ㛑ᇚḋક䖯㸠ᅠܼⱘᑆ➹DŽ
✊㗠 ᅲˈ偠থ⦄ᇚ“ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ”੠“䗦छ⏽ᑺ”㒘ড়
៤䯈ℛᑆ➹ৃᑆ➹∈ߚ⌏ᑺ᳈Ԣ˄0.6˅ⱘѻકDŽ
ḍ᥂Labuza[19]ˈ∈ᵰᑆ➹ᯊⱘ∈ߚ⌏ᑺᑨԢѢ
0.6 ᯊᠡ㛑䰏ℶᖂ⫳⠽ⱘ㐕ⅪDŽ
·0·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Moisture Content, g H2O/g DM
D
ry
in
g
ra
te
, g
H
2O
/g
D
M
.m
2 .s
Continuous Hot air
(HA)
Continuous Low
Temperature
Dehumidified Air
(LDTA)
Critical moisture content,
CR
೒೎ᅮᑆ➹⏽ᑺ῵ᓣ˄䖲㓁ⱘ⛁亢੠䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨˅ᇍᾈ㦆ᑆ➹䗳⥛ⱘᕅડ
)LJ(IIHFWVRIFRQVWDQWWHPSHUDWXUHSURILOHRQGU\LQJUDWHVRIFKHPSHGDN
FRQWLQXRXVKRWDLUDQGFRQWLQXRXVORZWHPSHUDWXUHGHKXPLGLILHGDLU
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Moisture Content, g H2O/g DM
D
ry
in
g
ra
te
, g
H
2O
/g
D
M
.m
2 .s
1H-1C-H
2H-1C-H
3H-1C-H
4H-1C-H
Critical moisture content,CR
CR
CR
CR
೒ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ῵ᓣ+$̢/7$̢+$ᇍᾈ㦆㳰ᑆ➹䗳⥛ⱘᕅડ
)LJ(IIHFWVRIF\FOLFWHPSHUDWXUHSURILOH+$̢/7$̢+$RQGU\LQJUDWHRIFKHPSHGDN
·1·
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Moisture Content, g H2O/g DM
D
ry
in
g
ra
te
, g
H
2O
/g
D
M
.m
2 .s
1C-H
2C-H
3C-H
4C-H
Critical moisture
content,CR
CR CRCR
೒䗦छᑆ➹⏽ᑺ῵ᓣ/7$̢+$ᇍᾈ㦆㳰ᑆ➹䗳⥛ⱘᕅડ
)LJ(IIHFWVRIVWHSXSWHPSHUDWXUHSURILOH/7$̢+$RQGU\LQJUDWHVRIFKHPSHGDN
Ѹ᳓Փ⫼⛁亢੠Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ⱘ䯈ℛᑆ➹
ⱘ㒘ড়⛁亢੠Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹⡍ᕕ੠
ᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺབ೒ 4 ੠೒ 5 ᠔⼎DŽ
ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ੠䗦छ⏽ᑺⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ᳆㒓䛑
ߎ⦄њϸϾϡৠⱘ䰡䗳↉੠ϔϾछ䗳↉DŽ䖭ᰃ⬅
Ѣ೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉៪㗙೼ϸϾ⛁亢ᑆ➹䰊↉
Ё䯈↉ᑨ⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䗴៤ⱘDŽᔧԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ
⇨䰊↉ৢ ⛁ˈ亢䞡ᮄᓔྟᑆ➹ ᑆˈ➹䗳⥛᳝ϔϾ
ᯢᰒⱘ๲ࡴ 䖭ˈᰃ⬅Ѣḋકⱘᬊ㓽੠㝼㚔ⱘᕅડ
䗴៤ⱘDŽḋક೼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ᯊᬊ㓽 ೼ˈ⛁
亢ᑆ➹ᯊ㝼㚔DŽ೼㝼㚔ⱘ䖛⿟Ё ໻ˈ䞣ⱘ∈ߚ೼
ḋકⱘݙ䚼ᠽㅫࠄ㸼䴶DŽChouㄝ[20]ৠḋথ⦄њ
ދ亢ᑆ➹ৢḋક㸼䴶ⱘ∈ߚᰃ๲ࡴⱘDŽ
ᇍѢ⫼“ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ”ᑆ➹ᾈ㦆㳰˄೒ 4˅ˈ ೼
߱ྟ䰊↉ 4ˈ Ͼᇣᯊⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹ৃҹᇚḋકⱘ৿
∈䞣ޣ㟇 0.4g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼˄4H-1C-H DŽ˅ߚ߿䖯
㸠 3 Ͼᇣᯊ˄3H-1C-H˅ˈ 2 Ͼᇣᯊ˄2H-1C-H˅ˈ
1 Ͼᇣᯊ˄1H-1C-H˅ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹া㛑ᇚḋકⱘ
৿∈䞣ߚ߿ޣ㟇 0.5g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼ˈ0.8g ∈/g ᑆ
⠽䋼੠ 1.3g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼DŽḋક᥹㾺⛁亢ⱘᯊ䯈
䍞䭓 ∈ˈߚޣᇥⱘ䗳⥛ህ䍞催DŽ಴Ў೒ 4 Ё㸼⼎
ⱘ⫼ 1 ᇣᯊⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދैৢߎ⦄ⱘЈ⬠
∈ߚؐˈᑆ➹䗳⥛๲ࡴⱘᕜᯢᰒˈҢ 0.0110 ๲
ࡴࠄ 0.0314g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼 sm ˜2 DŽ䖭ᰃ಴Ў೼Ԣ
⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䇗੠䰊↉䖛⿟Ё∈ߚⱘᠽᬷ䕗催䗴
៤ⱘDŽ಴Ўᑨ⫼⛁亢 Ӯˈ೼Ј⬠∈ߚؐ⚍ߎ⦄㝼
㚔԰⫼ ℸˈ԰⫼ৃҹՓৢ䖍ⱘ⌏䎗ᑆ➹ᳳⱘᑆ➹
䗳⥛๲ࡴDŽ⌏䎗⛁亢ᑆ➹੠Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘ
ᑆ➹⏽Ꮒ催䖒 40 ćˈ䖭ৃҹᇍݙ䚼∈ߚⱘᠽᬷ
ѻ⫳ϔϾ᳈໻ⱘ᥼ࡼ࡯DŽ೼ HA–LTDA–HA ᑆ➹
Ёⱘ㄀ѠϾ䰡䗳↉ˈ4H–1C–H ⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛Ϣ
3H–1C–H, 2H–1C–H ੠ 1H–1C–H Ⳍ↨ᰃ᳔ᇣ
ⱘDŽ䖭ᰃ಴Ў Ϣˈ㄀ѠϾ䰡䗳↉ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉䕗催
ⱘ৿∈䞣Ⳍ↨ ㄀ˈϔϾ䰡䗳↉ৢ䕗Ԣ৿∈䞣Փᕫ
ݙ䚼∈ߚᕜ䲒ᠽᬷDŽ
“䗦छ⏽ᑺ”ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹᳆㒓བ೒ 5 ᠔⼎DŽ
೼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދै↉ 䱣ˈⴔ৿∈䞣ⱘޣᇥᑆ➹
䗳⥛䰡Ԣ 㗠ˈ೼䖭Ͼ䰊↉ⱘ᳔ৢⳈࠄ৿∈䞣ࠄ䖒
第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
Ј⬠⚍䗳⥛জ᳝ᇥ䞣ⱘ๲ࡴDŽԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދै
䰊↉䖛⿟ЁⱘЈ⬠∈ߚؐ⚍བ೒ 5 ᠔⼎ 䱣ˈৢᑨ
⫼⛁亢䖯㸠ᑆ➹DŽ೼ᭈϾⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދै
↉ˈ᳔催ⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛гԢѢ 0.05g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼
sm ˜2 DŽ⬅Ѣᑆ➹⏽ᑺ੠⇨ԧ⌕䗳䕗Ԣˈᑆ➹䗳
⥛ᕜᖿህӮ䰡㟇 0.01g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼 sm ˜2 DŽ✊㗠
೼ᑆ➹ⱘЁ䯈䰊↉ˈৃ ҹথ⦄ᑆ➹䗳⥛ᰃ䱣ⴔ৿
∈䞣ⱘ䰡Ԣ㗠๲ࡴⱘDŽ೼ৢ䴶ⱘ⌏䎗ᑆ➹䰊↉ᑨ
⫼⛁亢ᑆ➹ৢ ᑆˈ➹䗳⥛জӮ๲ࡴDŽḋક೼䗦छ
⏽ᑺ 1C–H, 2C–H, 3C–H ੠ 4C–H ⱘᴵӊϟᑆ
➹ⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛๲ࡴᕜᯢᰒˈ๲ࡴⱘ㣗ೈЎ
80~186% ˈ䖭পއѢ೼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދै䰊↉
ৢЈ⬠∈ߚؐⱘ䆒㕂DŽᔧᇍދⱘᾈ㦆㳰⫼⛁亢ᑆ
➹ᯊˈ೼䖭Ͼ䰊↉Ӯߎ⦄㝼㚔԰⫼DŽ“ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ”
੠“䗦छ⏽ᑺ”ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛ᵕ໻ⱘࡴᖿњ⌏
䎗ᑆ➹ᳳⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛DŽ
 ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛
ᇍ⫼䖲㓁⛁亢ˈԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨੠ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄HA–LTDA–HA ੠ LTDA–HA ᑆ˅➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰
ⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛⫼῵ᢳ᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩(FDM)䖯㸠Ԅ
ㅫDŽᅲ偠੠῵ᢳⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ᳆㒓བϟ೒᠔⼎ˈ
೒˄6˅㸼⼎ᘦᅮ⏽ᑺˈ೒˄7˅㸼⼎ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺˈ
೒˄8˅㸼⼎䗦छ⏽ᑺDŽḍ᥂㒳䅵ߚᵤ㒧ᵰˈ߸
ᅮ㋏᭄˄R2˅ˈ वᮍ˄ 2F ,˅ഛᮍḍ䇃Ꮒ˄RMSE˅
੠ᑇഛأᏂ˄MBE˅ⱘ㣗ೈߚ߿Ў 0.9899 ~
0.9989, 0.0005 ~ 0.0036, 0.0212 ~ 0.0580 ੠
0.0005 ~ 0.0034˄ 㸼 2 DŽ˅Ң㸼Ё៥Ӏৃҹⳟࠄ㒳
䅵㒧ᵰ䖒ࠄњकߚҸҎ⒵ᛣⱘ∈ᑇ 䖭ˈ䇈ᯢ῵ᢳ
ⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ᭄᥂Ϣᅲ偠᭄᥂कߚਏড়DŽড䖛ᴹ
ৃҹ䇈ᯢ⫼FDM⊩㦋ᕫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ᰃℷ⹂
ⱘDŽ
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Drying time, min
M
oi
st
ur
e
ra
tio
HA Experimental
LTDA Experimental
HA Simulated
LTDA Simulated
Continuous HA and Continuous
LTDA drying
೒ᘦ⏽˄䖲㓁ⱘ⛁亢੠䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨˅ᑆ➹ⱘ⠽᭭৿∈⥛ᅲ偠᳆㒓੠ᑨ⫼᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩䅵ㅫⱘ῵ᢳ᳆㒓
)LJ([SHULPHQWDODQGVLPXODWHGSORWRIPRLVWXUHUDWLRXVLQJILQLWHGLIIHUHQFHPHWKRG)0IRUFRQVWDQW
WHPSHUDWXUHSURILOHFRQWLQXRXVKRWDLUDQGFRQWLQXRXVORZWHPSHUDWXUHGHKXPLGLILHGDLUGU\LQJ
··第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Drying time, min
M
oi
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1H-1C-H
Experimental
2H-1C-H
Experimental
3H-1C-H
Experimental
4H-1C-H
Experimental
1H-1C-H
Simulated
2H-1C-H
Simulated
3H-1C-H
Simulated
4H-1C-H
Simulated
HA-LTDA-HA drying
೒ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˄+$̢/7$̢+$˅ᑆ➹Ё⠽᭭৿∈⥛ⱘᅲ偠᳆㒓੠ᑨ⫼᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩䅵ㅫⱘ῵ᢳ᳆㒓
)LJ([SHULPHQWDODQGVLPXODWHGSORWRIPRLVWXUHUDWLRXVLQJILQLWHGLIIHUHQFHPHWKRG)0XQGHUF\FOLF
WHPSHUDWXUHSURILOH+$̢/7$̢+$
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Drying time, min
M
oi
st
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1C-H Experimental
2C-H Experimental
3C-H Experimental
4C-H Experimental
1C-H Simulated
2C-H Simulated
3C-H Simulated
4C-H Simulated
LTDA-HA drying
೒䗦छ⏽ᑺ/7$̢+$ᑆ➹Ё⠽᭭৿∈⥛ⱘᅲ偠᳆㒓੠ᑨ⫼᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩䅵ㅫⱘ῵ᢳ೒
)LJ([SHULPHQWDODQGVLPXODWHGSORWRIPRLVWXUHUDWLRXVLQJILQLWHGLIIHUHQFHPHWKRG)0XQGHUVWHSXS
WHPSHUDWXUHSURILOH/7$̢+$
··
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
㸼ᑨ⫼᳝䰤Ꮒߚ⊩㦋ᕫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ㋏᭄
7DEOH(IIHFWLYHGLIIXVLYLWLHVREWDLQHGWKURXJKILQLWHGLIIHUHQWPHWKRG
ᑆ➹ᴵӊ
᳝ᬜᠽᬷ㋏᭄, m2/s 㒳䅵ߚᵤ
1effD 2effD 3effD
2R 2F RMSE MBE
ᘦ⏽
HA 2.5 x 10-8 — — 0.9972 0.0007 0.0260 0.0007
LTDA — 3.0 x 10-9 — 0.9856 0.0029 0.0522 0.0027
ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
1H-1C-H 9.9 x 10-9 4.5 x 10-9 1.0 x 10-8 0.9962 0.0018 0.0408 0.0017
2H-1C-H 3.0 x 10-8 5.0 x 10-9 2.3 x 10-9 0.9945 0.0009 0.0302 0.0009
3H-1C-H 1.6 x 10-8 9.0 x 10-9 8.5 x 10-8 0.9949 0.0009 0.0305 0.0009
4H-1C-H 1.7 x 10-8 7.9 x 10-10 1.5 x 10-8 0.9928 0.0017 0.0398 0.0016
䗦छ⏽ᑺ
1C-H — 4.6 x 10-10 1.7 x 10-8 0.9968 0.0011 0.0315 0.0010
2C-H — 1.1 x 10-9 2.1 x 10-8 0.9989 0.0005 0.0212 0.0005
3C-H — 8.0 x 10-10 1.8 x 10-8 0.9977 0.0006 0.0240 0.0006
4C-H — 1.4 x 10-9 2.8 x 10-8 0.9899 0.0036 0.0580 0.0034
䖲㓁⛁亢੠䖲㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘ৿∈
⥛੠ᑆ➹ᯊ䯈ⱘ᳆㒓བ೒ 6 ᠔⼎DŽ⫼⬅FDM䅵
ㅫ㗠ᕫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛῵ᢳ⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹᳆㒓
䰸њ೼ᑆ➹ᯊ䯈Ў 540 ߚ䩳~600 ߚ䩳П䯈໪ˈ
݊ԭϢᅲ偠᭄᥂कߚਏড়DŽ䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘ
R2, 2F , RMSE, ੠ MBEⱘ㒳䅵㒧ᵰߚ߿Ў
0.9972, 0.0007, 0.0260 ੠ 0.0007DŽ೼ᑆ➹䖛⿟ⱘ
ᓔྟ䰊↉ ῵ˈᢳⱘ䖲㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘᑆ➹
᳆㒓䅵ㅫⱘ৿∈⥛䕗Ԣ 䖭ˈᰃ಴Ў೼ᭈϾⱘᑆ➹
໘⧚䖛⿟Ёᠽᬷ⥛ⱘব࣪䗴៤ⱘDŽ೼䖲㓁⛁亢੠
䖲㓁Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊϟ㦋ᕫⱘḋક᳝
ᬜ ᠽ ᬷ ⥛ ⱘ ؐ ߚ ߿ Ў 2.5x10-8 m2/s and
3.0x10-9 m2/s˄㸼 2 DŽ˅
ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ᑆ➹ḋકⱘᅲ
··第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
偠੠῵ᢳⱘ⑓৿䞣བ೒ 7 ᠔⼎DŽ䰸њ೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
1H-1C-H ⱘᑆ➹ḋક໪ ᠔ˈ᳝ⱘ῵ᢳᑆ➹᳆㒓੠
ᅲ偠᭄᥂䛑कߚਏড়DŽ೼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ދै䰊↉
ৢݡ䞡ᮄ䖯㸠⛁亢ᑆ➹ˈ⫼ FDM ⊩῵ᢳⱘ MR
ؐ䕗催DŽ㗠Ϩˈ⬅೒ 7 ৃᕫˈ೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉
⛁亢ⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᇍ৿∈⥛ⱘϟ䰡䗳⥛ᕅડᕜ໻DŽ
೼ᑆ➹ⱘᓔྟ䰊↉ ⛁ˈ亢ᑆ➹ⱘᯊ䯈䍞䭓 ∈ˈߚ
ޣᇥ䗳⥛ህ䍞ᖿ 䖭ˈᰃ಴Ў䕗催ⱘ৿∈䞣੠᥼ࡼ
࡯ࡴᖿњ∈ߚⱘᬷ༅DŽ
བ೒ 7 ᠔⼎˄ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˅ˈ ᑨ⫼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ᇍᾈ㦆㳰䖯㸠ᑆ➹ˈ⬅Ѣ᳝
ϝϾ䰡䗳↉ ᠔ˈ᳝݋᳝ϝϾϡৠⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘ
ؐDŽࠡಯϾᇣᯊ䖯㸠⛁亢ᑆ➹˄4H-1C-H˅ⱘ᳝
ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ؐ 1effD Ў 1.7x10
-8 m2/sˈ䖭ᰃ᳔催ؐˈ
㗠ᇍḋકߚ߿䖯㸠ϝϾᇣᯊⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹
˄3H-1C-H˅ˈ ϸϾᇣᯊⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹˄ 2H-1C-H˅ˈ
ϔϾᇣᯊⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹˄1H-1C-H˅ⱘ᳝ᬜᠽㅫ⥛
ⱘؐߚ߿Ў 1.6x10-8 m2/s, 3.0x10-8 m2/s ੠
9.9x10-9 m2/sDŽ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐ䱣ⴔ⛁亢ᣕ㓁ᯊ
䯈ⱘ๲䭓㗠๲ࡴ 䖭ˈᰃ಴Ў೼䕗䭓ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹䰊
↉ˈ᳈໮ⱘ∈ߚ㹿⿏䰸DŽ
㸼 2 Ёⱘ 2effD 㸼⼎೼ϸϾ⛁亢ᑆ➹䰊↉Ё
䯈ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹䰊↉ⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐ
˄HA-LTDA-HA DŽ˅೼ᑆ➹ḋકⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨
ᑆ➹䖛⿟Ё ៥ˈӀᕫࠄⱘ᳔催ⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ؐᰃ
೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ 1H–1C–H ੠ 2H–1C–Hϟᕫࠄⱘˈ
໻㑺Ў 5.0 x 10-9 m2/sDŽϢᰦᑆḋક䇗੠䰊↉ⱘ᳝
ᬜᠽᬷ㋏᭄㑺Ў 10-11m2/s(Chongㄝ 2008b)[4-5]
Ⳍ↨ ᦤˈ催њ 99%DŽ݊ ԭϸϾᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ 3H-1C-H
੠ 4H–1C–HⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䇗੠䰊↉ⱘ᳝ᬜ
ᠽᬷ⥛ⱘ㣗ೈЎ 10-10-10-9 m2/sDŽᔧݡ⃵䖯㸠⛁亢
ᑆ➹ᯊˈ೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ϟⱘ᳝
ᬜᠽᬷ⥛๲ࡴࠄ 10-8 m2/sDŽ
೒ 8 㸼⼎೼䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄LTDA-HA˅ᴵӊϟ
ᑆ➹ḋકⱘ῵ᢳ੠ᅲ偠᭄᥂П䯈ⱘਏড়⿟ᑺDŽᇍ
↨᳆㒓੠㸼 2 ЁR2, 2F , RMSE, ੠ MBEⱘؐ៥
Ӏৃҹⳟࠄ1C-H ੠ 2C-Hⱘ῵ᢳⱘᑆ➹ࡼ࡯ᄺ
᳆㒓ᰃ᳔ড়䗖ⱘDŽ೼䗦छ⏽ᑺ 3C–H ੠ 4C–H
ᑆ➹ᴵӊϟⱘ῵ᢳ᭄᥂ߚ߿೼ 300 ߚ䩳੠ 360
ߚ䩳ৢⱘؐ䕗ԢDŽ
೼䗦छ⏽ᑺᴵӊϟԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䇗੠䰊↉
ⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ 2effD ⱘ㣗ೈЎ 8.0x10
-10~1.1x10-9
m2/sDŽ೼䗦छ⏽ᑺᴵӊϟᑆ➹ⱘ㄀ѠϾ䰊↉䖯㸠
⛁亢ᑆ➹ৢˈ᳝ ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐ๲ࡴᕜᯢᰒ 㣗ˈೈ
Ў 1.7x10-8~2.8x10-8 m2/sDŽ
䰸њ೼݊Ҫᑆ➹ᮍ⊩བᰦᑆ[4]ˈ⛁亢ᑆ➹[5]
㦋ᕫⱘᠽᬷ⥛໪ ↨ˈ䕗ℸ⃵ⷨおЁ⫼ϡৠ⏽ᑺ㦋
ᕫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛៥Ӏৃҹⳟߎ ೼ˈϡৠⱘ䯈ℛ⏽
ᑺⱘ⌏䎗ᑆ➹ᳳ㦋ᕫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐ↨೼ᰦ
ᑆ੠⛁亢ᑆ➹催DŽ
 ᳔㒜ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘᘏ买㡆ব࣪
㸼ᮄ剰੠ᑆ➹ᾈ㦆㳰买㡆
7DEOH7KHFRORXURIIUHVKDQGGULHGFKHPSHGDN
ᑆ➹ᴵӊ ᘏ买㡆ᬍব, E
ᘦ⏽
HA 22.10
LTDA 18.72
ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
1H-1C-H 25.51
2H-1C-H 22.21
3H-1C-H 24.79
4H-1C-H 17.46
䗦छ⏽ᑺ
1C-H 23.10
2C-H 21.91
3C-H 20.65
4C-H 15.65
㸼 3 㸼⼎ⱘᰃҢϡৠⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊˈेᘦ⏽
˄䖲㓁⛁亢੠Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨˅ˈ ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ੠䗦छ
⏽ᑺᑆ➹㦋ᕫⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘᘏ买㡆ᬍবؐ E DŽϢ
··
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
⫼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˄HA–LTDA–HA˅੠ᘦ⏽ᑆ➹ⱘḋ
કⳌ↨ˈ⫼䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄LTDA–HA, 4C–H˅ᑆ➹
ⱘḋકⱘ E 䕗ԢDŽ䖭䇈ᯢ⫼䗦छ⏽ᑺᑆ➹ⱘᾈ
㦆㳰ⱘ买㡆ֱ⬭䕗དDŽ঺໪ ⫼ˈᕾ⦃⏽ᑺᑆ➹ⱘ
ḋકⱘ E ᳝ؐ䱣ⴔ㄀ϔ䰊↉Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䇗
੠䰊↉ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ๲ࡴ㗠ϟ䰡ⱘ䍟࢓DŽ೼ᑆ➹ⱘ
߱ྟ䰊↉⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ᯊ䯈䍞䭓 㦋ˈᕫⱘ
E ؐ䍞ԢDŽ⫼䗦छ⏽ᑺ 4C-H ᑆ➹㦋ᕫⱘ E
᳔ؐԢˈЎ 15.65DŽⳌ↨㗠㿔ˈ䖭Ͼ E ؐᰃ᳔
Ԣⱘ ಴ˈЎ೼݊Ҫ᭛⤂Ёབ⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ߛ
⠛ⱘ E ⱘ㣗ೈЎ 17.56 ~ 28.42[4]ˈᰦᑆⱘᾈ㦆
㳰ߛ⠛ⱘ E ؐ㑺Ў 23.64[5]DŽ䖭䇈ᯢ೼㜅∈䖛⿟
Ё⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᇍ买㡆ⱘֱ⬭ᰃᕜ᳝ᖙ㽕ⱘDŽ
∈ᵰ买㡆ⱘᬍবᰃ⬅Ѣ೼ᑆ➹䖛⿟Ёথ⫳
Maillardডᑨˈ㡆㋴䰡㾷ˈ䝊֗㻤ব੠ᡫണ㸔䝌
⇻࣪䗴៤ⱘ[21-22]DŽMaillardডᑨৃҹՓ∈ᵰѻ⫳
ࣙᣀܝ҂੠䞥咘㡆ⱘ买㡆೼ݙⱘϡৠ໪㾖ᔶᓣDŽ
✊㗠ˈ⬅ѢMaillardডᑨˈ㒰⇼䝌⇻࣪⇼෎䝌ѻ
⫳咥㡆㋴࣪ড়⠽ ՓˈПবੇ 䖭ˈϡᰃ៥Ӏᛇᕫࠄ
ⱘDŽSuranant[1]ˈLeong ੠ Shui[2]থ⦄ˈᾈ㦆㳰
↣ 100g৿᳝ 6.2mgⱘ䝌ᡫണ㸔 1ˈ26mgⱘᡫണ㸔
䝌DŽᔧ⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䖯㸠ᑆ➹ᯊ ᾈˈ㦆㳰ֱ⬭
ⱘ买㡆᳈དDŽ䖭ᰃ⬅ѢԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䰡Ԣњᡫണ
㸔䝌ⱘ⇻࣪䗳⥛DŽCuiㄝ[23]থ⦄ˈ⫼⛁亢ᑆ➹೼
60~65 ć⏽ᑺϟᇍ㣍ᵰ䖯㸠 5.5 Ͼᇣᯊⱘᑆ➹ˈ
া㛑ֱ⬭ᮄ剰㣍ᵰⱘ㓈⫳㋴Cⱘ 63.7%DŽᡫണ㸔
䝌ⱘޣᇥৃ㛑ᰃ㓈⫳㋴C㹿⇻࣪䗴៤ⱘDŽ⇻࣪ⱘ
ᡫണ㸔䝌ৃҹѻ⫳⌏ᗻ䞥ሲ㖄෎࣪ড়⠽ˈབaˈ
b-ϡ佅੠䞥ሲ㖄෎࣪ড়⠽ˈᅗᰃ㻤বⱘЁ䯈ҟ
䋼[24-25]DŽ㻤বⱘѻ⠽Ўਟୗ㉏࣪ড়⠽ˈݙ䝃䝌ˈ
3-㕳෎-2 ৵ୗ䝂 Įˈ-ਟୗ⬆䝯੠ 5-㕳෎-Į-ਟୗ⬆
䝯[26-29]DŽ
 ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ㒧ᵘሲᗻ
೼ℸ⃵ⷨおЁߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵘሲᗻࣙᣀ⹀ᑺ ᔍˈ
ᗻˈ㉬㒧ᗻ੠੔ಐᑺDŽ

㸼/7$ᑆ➹੠+$ᑆ➹ᇍ䋼ഄ⡍ᗻⱘᕅડ
7DEOH(IIHFWVRI/7$GU\LQJDQG+$GU\LQJRQWH[WXUDODWWULEXWHV
ᑆ➹ᴵ
ӊ
⹀ᑺ, g ᔍᗻ ㉬㒧ᗻ ੔ಐᑺ, g
৿∈䞣
g ∈/ g ᑆ⠽䋼
ᘦ⏽
HA 3477r 761 a 0.700r 0.223 bc
0.321r 0.065
abc
734r 194
ab 0.092
LTDA 45r 8 d 0.949r 0.025 a 0.456r 0.045 a 20r 5 c 0.290
ᕾ⦃⏽
ᑺ
1H-1C-H 1568r 339 c 0.862r 0.036 ab
0.336r 0.026
abc 421r 70
ab 0.086
2H-1C-H 1950r 257 bc
0.789r 0.028
abc 0.229r 0.012
c 349r 43 bc 0.084
3H-1C-H
2876r 345
abc 0.876r 0.048
ab 0.319r 0.020
abc 795r 93
a 0.079
··第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
4H-1C-H 3764r 148 a 0.552r 0.032 c 0.383r 0.031 ab 799r 97 a 0.110
䗦छ⏽
ᑺ
1C-H 1965r 201 bc 0.947r 0.037 a
0.336r 0.048
abc 589r 45
ab 0.081
2C-H
2479r 317
abc
0.789r 0.028
abc 0.288r 0.040
bc 622r 172
ab 0.098
3C-H 2949r 454 ab 0.671r 0.050 bc 0.249r 0.014 bc 488r 88 ab 0.083
4C-H 1883r 133 bc
0.760r 0.082
abc
0.350r 0.035
abc 478r 43
ab 0.086
໛⊼˖ؐ㸼⼎ЎᑇഛؐrᷛޚᏂⱘᔶᓣˈ೼ৠϔ߫Ё⫼ৠϔᄫ↡㸼⼎ⱘؐᛣНϡৠ
㸼 4 㸼⼎ⱘᰃ߽⫼㒧ᵘߚᵤҾ䖯㸠ⱘय़㓽
䆩偠੠᳔㒜ⱘ৿∈䞣ᕫࠄⱘ㒧ᵘߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰˈ᳔
㒜৿∈䞣ⱘব࣪㣗ೈЎ 0.079 ~0.290 g∈/ gᑆ⠽
䋼DŽ
㸼 4 Ё⍝ঞⱘ⹀ᑺˈᰃՓḋકѻ⫳বᔶⱘ
࡯DŽ䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ؐЎ 3477gˈϢ߿ⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊ
Ⳍ↨䖭ᰃ᳔໻ⱘ⹀ᑺؐDŽ㗠䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨
ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐЎ 45gˈᰃ᳔ᇣⱘ⹀ᑺؐDŽ
಴Ў⫼䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ৿∈
䞣催䖒 0.29 g ∈/g ᑆ⠽䋼DŽ䖭ϸϾ㒧ᵰ䛑⫼ᴹϢ
ᑨ⫼䯈ℛⱘ⛁এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹䖯㸠↨䕗DŽ䖭⾡↨䕗
ᰃᕜ䞡㽕ⱘ ಴ˈЎᬊ㓽੠㝼㚔ⱘᕅડৃ㛑Ӯᬍব
᳔㒜ѻકⱘ㒧ᵘሲᗻDŽϟ䴶ᰃϡৠᄺ㗙ᇍѢℸ㾖
⚍䌲៤៪ডᇍⱘϡৠᛣ㾕DŽ
ᑨ⫼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺᑆ➹ⱘḋક ⹀ˈᑺ䕗ᇣϨ᳔㒜
৿∈䞣ヺড়㽕∖DŽ Orikasaㄝ[30]থ⦄ˈ೼ᑆ➹⣩
⤈ḗ䖛⿟Ё䗮䖛ֱᣕḋક㸼䴶⑓⍺ˈৃ ҹ䰆ℶব
⹀DŽ঺໪ˈChouㄝ[20]থ⦄ˈᔧぎ⇨⏽ᑺҢ“On
䕀ᤶЎOff”ᯊˈḋક㸼䴶ⱘ∈ߚ๲ࡴDŽখ㗗㸼 4
៥Ӏৃҹথ⦄ˈ೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺЎ 1H-1C-H੠
2H-1C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકϢ݊Ҫ⏽ᑺᴵӊ˄ ᕾ⦃⏽
ᑺ੠䗦छ⏽ᑺ Ⳍ˅↨ৃҹᕫࠄ䕗Ԣⱘ⹀ᑺ ˈߚ߿
Ў 1568g੠ 1950gDŽ䖭Ͼ⹀ᑺϢ೼ 3H-1C-Hϟᑆ
➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺ 2876g ೼ˈ 4H-1C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋ
કⱘ⹀ᑺ 3764g੠೼䖲㓁⛁亢ϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ
⹀ᑺ 3477gⳌ↨ᯢᰒⱘ䕗Ԣ˄p<0.05 DŽ˅↨䕗೼
4H-1C-H੠ 1H-1C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐ ៥ˈ
Ӏৃҹⳟࠄ೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺЎ 4H-1C-Hϟᕫࠄⱘᑆ
➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐ↨೼ 1H-1C-Hϟᕫࠄⱘᑆ➹
ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐ໻ 60% 䖭ˈᰃ಴Ў೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ
䰊↉ࠡ㗙໮њ 3 Ͼᇣᯊⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹DŽ䖭Ͼথ⦄㸼
ᯢ ᔧˈḋકⱘ৿∈䞣ᕜ催៪㗙೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉
ᠡ㛑⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䖯㸠ᑆ➹DŽᇍ೼ᑆ➹ⱘ߱ྟ
䰊↉㗠ϡ೼Ё䯈䰊↉ᑨ⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䖯㸠њ
ᕜ໮⃵ⱘᇱ䆩DŽ
㸼 4 Ё㸼⼎ⱘ⫼䗦छ⏽ᑺᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀
ᑺؐⱘ㣗ೈЎ 1883 ~ 2949 gDŽ㸼 4 䖬㸼ᯢᓊ䭓߱
ྟԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ⱘᑆ➹䰊↉ৃҹ๲ࡴѻકⱘ⹀
ᑺDŽ䖭ᇍ⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䖯㸠ᑆ➹ ᑆˈ➹ᯊ䯈ᇥ
Ѣ 3 Ͼᇣᯊⱘḋકᰃ᳝ᬜⱘDŽ䖯㸠 4 Ͼᇣᯊⱘ߱
ྟԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐ↨䖯㸠 1
ࠄ 3 ϾᇣᯊⱘᇣDŽ㗠Ϩˈ೼䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄1C-H ੠
4C-H˅ϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐ੠೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄1H-1C-H ϟ˅ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ⹀ᑺؐᰃᕜ᥹䖥ⱘ
˄p>0.05 DŽ˅
ᔍᗻؐ㸼⼎ⱘᰃѻકⱘᔍᗻ㛑࡯DŽᣝ✻
··
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
Szczesniak[31]ˈᅗϢѻક೼⠭啓䯈ফࠄय़㓽ৢᘶ
໡ࠄᅗ߱ྟᔶ⢊ⱘ⿟ᑺ᳝݇DŽᔍᗻ䍞催 ѻˈકⱘ
ᔍᗻ䍞དDŽ಴ℸˈ㒧ᵘሲᗻህ䍞དDŽ䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽
এ⑓ぎ⇨੠⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘᔍᗻؐߚ߿Ў
0.949 ੠ 0.700˄㸼 4 DŽ˅䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ
➹ⱘḋક↨䖲㓁ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘḋક᳈᳝ᔍᗻ 䖭ˈ
ᰃ಴Ў᳔㒜ⱘ৿∈䞣ϡৠ ಴ˈЎ䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓
ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ৿∈䞣↨䖲㓁ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘ
ḋકⱘ৿∈䞣催 90%DŽ䰸њ೼ᑆ➹ᴵӊЎ
4H-1C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘᔍᗻϡৠ໪ ೼ˈᕾ⦃⏽
ᑺⱘ݊Ҫᴵӊϟ˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ᑆ➹ⱘḋક
ⱘᔍᗻ≵᳝ᕜ໻ⱘᏂ䎱˄p>0.05 DŽ˅ᇍѢ⫼䗦छ
⏽ᑺ˄LTDA-HA˅ᑆ➹ⱘḋકˈ䰸њ೼ᑆ➹ᴵ
ӊЎ 4C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકϡৠ໪ ೼ˈ݊Ҫᴵӊϟˈ
ᔍᗻ䛑䱣ⴔԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨䇗੠ᯊ䯈ⱘ๲ࡴ㗠ᯢ
ᰒⱘޣᇥ˄p<0.05 DŽ˅
೼ᑆ➹ᴵӊЎ 4C-Hϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘᔍᗻϢ
Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘᔍᗻⳌᏂϡ໮ ᔍˈᗻ
ؐ䛑᥹䖥 0.9DŽ಴ℸ ೼ˈᴵӊ 4C-Hϟ㛑໳⫳ѻߎ
݋᳝᳈催ᔍᗻⱘᑆ➹ѻકDŽḍ᥂Chong ㄝ[5] ᰦˈ
ᑆⱘᾈ㦆ⱘᔍᗻؐЎ 0.605DŽϢ⫼䯈ℛⱘ⛁এ⑓
ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ᴎᑆ➹ⱘ᠔᳝ḋકⳌ↨Ⳍᇍ䕗Ԣ ೼ˈᕾ
⦃⏽ᑺ 4H-1C-Hϟᑆ➹ḋક䰸໪DŽ಴ℸ 䗖ˈᔧⱘ
ᑆ➹⏽ᑺৃҹֱ⬭ḋકⱘ㒚㚲㒧ᵘDŽ
㉬㒧ᗻডᑨⱘᰃᑆ➹ѻક㒚㚲㝰㒧ᵘⱘᬍ
ব⿟ᑺ ಴ˈЎᅗ㸵䞣ⱘᰃᴤ᭭೼⸈㺖ࠡⱘবᔶ㛑
࡯DŽ䗮ᐌᮄ剰ⱘ៪㗙৿∈䞣催ⱘḋક↨ᑆ➹ৢⱘ
ḋક᳈᳝㉬㒧ᗻDŽ㉬㒧ᗻ䍞Ԣ 㒚ˈ㚲㝰㒧ᵘⱘᬍ
ব⿟ᑺ䍞ԢDŽ⬅㸼 4 ៥Ӏৃҹᕜᆍᯧⱘⳟࠄ 䖲ˈ
㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ㉬㒧ᗻⱘ᳔ؐ
催ˈЎ 0.456DŽ⫼䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ㉬㒧ᗻ
੠ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ˄ 1H-1C-H 3ˈH-1C-H 1ˈC-H ੠ 4C-H˅
ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ㉬㒧ᗻؐ≵᳝ᕜ໻ⱘᏂᓖˈ䛑೼
0.319-0.350 䖭Ͼ㣗ೈݙDŽ䖭㸼ᯢ⫼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ៪㗙
䗦छ⏽ᑺᇍ㒚㚲㝰㒧ᵘݙⱘᵰ㛊⠽䋼ⱘߚᏗ≵
᳝ᯢᰒⱘᕅડDŽ
೼㒧ᵘߚᵤЁ᳔䞡㽕ⱘখ᭄ᰃ੔ಐᑺ ᅗˈ㸵
䞣ⱘᰃ೼৲ઑϔϾ೎ԧ亳⠽Пࠡ੔ಐᅗ᠔䳔ⱘ
㛑䞣DŽ߽⫼䖲㓁ⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ
੔ಐᑺ᳔ؐᇣˈЎ 20gˈԚᅗ৿᳝䕗催ⱘ᳔㒜৿
∈䞣 䖭ˈՓᕫḋકᇍᖂ⫳⠽ⱘ⫳䭓ᰃ᳝ᆇⱘDŽሑ
ㅵᇍḋક䖯㸠њ 24 Ͼᇣᯊⱘ㜅∈ᑆ➹ˈ⫼Ԣ⏽
এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ∈ߚ⌏ᑺ䖬㑺Ў 0.88DŽ߽
⫼䖲㓁⛁亢ᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ੔ಐᑺؐЎ 734gDŽ䖭
ϾؐϢ⫼䗦छ⏽ᑺ˄LTDA-HA˅੠ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ
˄3H-1C-H ੠ 4H-1C-H ᑆ˅➹ⱘḋકⱘ੔ಐᑺⳌ
↨≵᳝ᯢᰒⱘᏂ߿˄p>0.05 DŽ˅೼ᑆ➹ᴵӊЎ
1H-1C-H ϟᑆ➹ḋકⱘ੔ಐᑺⱘؐ䕗ԢˈЎ
421gDŽ೼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ 2H-1C-H ϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘ੔
ಐᑺ᳔ؐԢ Ўˈ 349ˈ᳔ 㒜৿∈䞣Ў 0.098 g ∈/g
ᑆ⠽䋼ˈ∈ߚ⌏ᑺЎ 0.57DŽ✊㗠೼䖭⃵䆩偠Ёˈ
೼ܕ䆌ⱘ᳔㒜৿∈䞣ϟˈ⬅Ѣ೼ 2H-1C-H ϟᑆ
➹ⱘѻક݋᳝䕗ᇥⱘ䲒ಐ⠽ ಴ˈℸᅗᰃ᳔དⱘᑆ
➹ᴵӊDŽ
⬅ℸৃҹᕫߎⱘ㒧䆎Ў ೼ˈ⫳ѻᑆ➹ѻકⱘ
䖛⿟ЁԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ৃҹՓѻકবᔶ䳔㽕ⱘ࡯
䕗ᇥˈᔍᗻ䕗催ˈᠽሩবᔶ᳈དˈᑊϨ੔ಐ䳔㽕
ⱘ㛑䞣䕗ԢDŽ
㒧䆎
ᾈ㦆㳰ᰃϔ⾡⛁ᏺ∈ᵰ ˈڣ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯⱘ⏙ⳳ
ᑆᵰϔḋ ᅗˈᰃϔ⾡ৃҹ䖯㸠ࡴᎹ੠ଚϮ࣪ⱘ┰
೼ѻકDŽ೼ᾈ㦆㳰ⱘᑆ➹䖛⿟Ё㒣ᐌ⫼ࠄӴ㒳ⱘ
ᑆ➹ᮍ⊩ བˈᰦᑆ੠⛁亢ᑆ➹ Ԛˈᑆ➹ⱘ䋼䞣੠
ᑆ➹ⱘᯊ䯈᳝ᕙ䖯ϔℹᦤ催DŽℸⷨおⱘⳂⱘᰃ೼
ϡৠⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊϟ ⹂ˈᅮϔ⾡᳔ড়䗖ⱘᑆ➹ᴵӊ
⫼ᴹ䰆ℶ㸼䴶⹀࣪ ˈޣᇥ买㡆ব࣪ ৠˈᯊজৃ㦋
ᕫ᳔催ⱘᑆ➹䗳⥛DŽḍ᥂ᑆ➹䗳⥛੠∈ߚᠽᬷˈ
߽⫼ᘦ⏽ ᕾˈ⦃⏽ᑺ੠䗦छ⏽ᑺᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰㸼
⦄ߎњ໮Ͼϡৠⱘ䰡䗳ᑆ➹䰊↉DŽ䖭ৃҹߚ߿Ң
೼ 䗦 छ ⏽ ᑺ ˄ LTDA-HA ˅ ੠ ᕾ ⦃ ⏽ ᑺ
˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ϟᑆ➹ⱘḋકⱘϸϾ੠ϝϾ
᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐЁᕫߎDŽ᳝ ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘব࣪ᰃ⬅
Ѣ೼ᑆ➹ⱘϡৠ䰊↉ᑨ⫼Ԣ⏽এ⑓ぎ੠⛁亢䗴
៤ⱘDŽ⫼FDM⊩Ԅㅫⱘ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛ⱘؐᕫ㣗ೈ
··第1期 Chong Chien Hwa等著，董宝宝 译，榴莲蜜变温间歇干燥
Ў 10-10-10-8 m2/sDŽᇍѢѻક䋼䞣 ᅲˈ偠㒧ᵰ㸼ᯢ
⛁亢ᑆ➹ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈䍞ⷁ˄HA-LTDA-HA˅ˈ ⫼⠭
啓੔ಐ㜅∈ѻક᠔䳔㽕ⱘ࡯䍞ᇣDŽ㗠Ϩ ḍˈ᥂ḋ
કⱘ E ៥ˈӀৃҹᕫߎ೼ᑆ➹䖛⿟Ёᑨ⫼Ԣ⏽
এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ϔᇣ↉ᯊ䯈ৃҹ䰆ℶথ⫳䝊֗ড
ᑨDŽℸ⃵ⷨおЁ೼ᇍ৘ᮍ䴶䖯㸠ⷨおৢ ᕫˈࠄৃ
ҹ⫳ѻߎ䕗ད䋼䞣ⱘᑆ➹ᾈ㦆㳰ⱘᴵӊЎ ˖ܜ䖯
㸠 4 ϾᇣᯊⱘԢ⏽এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ ✊ˈৢ೼䖯㸠䖲
㓁ⱘ⛁亢ᑆ➹˄4C-H DŽ˅䖭ᰃḍ᥂᠔᳝ⱘᑆ➹ࡼ
࡯ᄺ੠ѻકⱘ䋼䞣ᕫߎⱘᴵӊDŽ೼䖭Ͼᴵӊϟᕫ
ࠄⱘᑆ➹ⱘᾈ㦆㳰ⱘ E ˈ⹀ᑺˈᔍᗻˈ㉬㒧ᗻ
੠੔ಐᑺⱘؐߚ߿Ў 15.65,1883gˈ0.760,0.350
੠ 478gDŽ
೼∈ᵰⱘᑆ➹ᎹϮЁᑨ⫼ᕾ⦃⏽ᑺ੠䗦छ
⏽ᑺᰃৃ㸠ⱘ ಴ˈЎ䗮䖛᥻ࠊᑆ➹䖛⿟ЁԢ⏽এ
⑓ぎ⇨ⱘᑆ➹ᯊ䯈ˈৃ ҹ⫳ѻߎ݋᳝䕗催䋼䞣ⱘ
ѻકDŽ䇈ᯢϢӴ㒳ⱘᑆ➹ᮍ⊩Ⳍ↨ ߽ˈ⫼䯈ℛ⛁
亢এ⑓ぎ⇨ᑆ➹ᴎᇍᾈ㦆㳰䖯㸠ᑆ➹ᰃৃ㛑ⱘDŽ
Џ㽕ヺো䇈ᯢ˖
1A ㄀ϔϾዄ䴶⿃˄Area under first curve˅
2A ㄀ѠϾዄ䴶⿃˄Area under second
curve˅
C ㉬㒧ᗻ˄Cohesiveness˅
CW ੔ಐᑺ˄Chewiness˅
effD ᳝ᬜᠽᬷ⥛˄Effective diffusivity˅
DM ᑆ⠽䋼˄Dry matter˅
E ᘏԧ买㡆ব࣪˄Total color change˅
1F ㄀ ϔ Ͼ ᕾ ⦃ ਼ ᳳ ݙ ᳔ ໻ 䕑 㥋
(Maximum load of first cycle ˈg)
2F ㄀ Ѡ Ͼ ᕾ ⦃ ਼ ᳳ ݙ ᳔ ໻ 䕑 㥋
(Maximum load of second cycle ˈg)
HA ⛁亢˄Hot air˅
H ⹀ᑺ (Hardness ˈg)
LTDA Ԣ ⏽ এ ⑓ ぎ ⇨ ˄ Low temperature
dehumidified air˅
MR ৿∈⥛˄Moisture ratio˅
iM ߱ྟ⑓৿䞣˄Initial moisture content gˈ
H2O/ g of DM)
eM ᑇ㸵⑓৿䞣˄ Equilibrium moisture
contentˈg H2O/ g of DM)
tM tᯊࠏ⑓৿䞣˄Moisture content at actual
timeˈg H2O/ g of DM)
MBE ᑇഛ䇃Ꮒ˄Mean bias error˅
l ߛ⠛८ᑺ˄Thickness of the slab, m˅
aT ぎ⇨⏽ᑺ˄Air temperatureˈ
OC˅
2R ߸ᅮ㋏᭄˄ Coefficient of determination˅
RSME ഛᮍḍ䇃Ꮒ˄Root mean square error˅
S ᔍᗻ˄Springiness˅
1T ㄀ϔ⃵ዄ䴶⿃ᓔྟ——㄀ϔ⃵᥶䩜ಲ
ᔍⱘᯊ䯈˄Time between the start of the first area
and the first probe reversal ˅
2T ㄀Ѡ⃵ዄ䴶⿃ᓔྟ——㄀Ѡ⃵᥶䩜ಲ
ᔍⱘᯊ䯈˄Time from the start of the second area
up to the second probe reversal ˅
2F वᮍ˄Chi-square˅

㟈䇶
ᛳ䇶偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ⾥ᄺᡔᴃ䚼ⱘᬃᣕ੠Āe-Science
෎䞥āⱘ䌘ࡽ(03-02-12-SF0001).
খ㗗᭛⤂˖
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·0·
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԰㗙ㅔҟ
CHONG CHIEN HWAम຿⦄ӏ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ䇎ϕ∝໻ᄺ࣪ᄺᎹ⿟㋏䆆ᏜDŽҪᴀ⾥
↩ϮѢ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ⧚Ꮉ໻ᄺˈ೼偀ᴹ㽓Ѯ䇎ϕ∝໻ᄺ㦋ᕫᎹᄺम຿ᄺԡDŽ⦄Ңџ
ᑆ➹ᡔᴃǃ亳કࡴᎹ䇒乬ⷨおˈ㘨㋏䚂ӊ˖ChienHwa.Chong@taylors.edu.myDŽ
·2·
干 燥 技 术 与 设 备
Drying Technology ＆ Equipment 2013年第11卷
Intermittent Drying of Chempedak with the Application of
Varying Temperature Profiles
Chong Chien Hwa 1, Law Chung Lim2
1Chemical Engineering Programme, School of Engineering, Taylor’s University,
47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham,
Malaysia campus, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
$EVWUDFWFresh chempedak is a highly perishable fruit, rich in sugar content and has high moisture
content. As such its moisture content is to be reduced for preservation for an extended period of time. Due
to its high sugar content, cameralization tends to occur on the surface when conventional hot air drying is
used. In order to overcome this problem, low temperature dehumidified air was applied in the middle and at
the beginning of drying process using an intermittent heat pump dryer. The results revealed that the
moisture content of samples dried using cyclic temperature profile and step-up temperature profile drying
can be reduced to the range of 0.081 to 0.110 g H2O/g DM. Finite-difference method (FDM) was applied in
this study to estimate the effective diffusivity values and the drying kinetics data was well simulated. In
terms of product quality, reducing of hot air drying duration during cyclic temperature drying produce
softer dried products. Further to this, it was found that low temperature dehumidified air tempering can
reduce total color change of dried samples.
.H\ZRUGV chempedak; low temperature dehumidified air; finite-difference method; effective
diffusivity; product quality; total color change