全 文 ：天然产物研究与开发 Nat Prod Res Dev 2012，24: 1235-1238
文章编号: 1001-6880( 2012) 09-1235-04
Received August 18，2011; Accepted January 13，2012
Foundation Item: This research project was supported by the China
Postdoctoral Science Foundation ( No． 20100471678)
* Corresponding author Tel: 86-991-4361850; E-mail: zhangfan596 @
163． com
维药香蜂花挥发油的 GC-MS分析
杨 娟1，2，哈木拉提·吾甫尔1，赵鹤珊2，张 帆1，2*
1新疆医科大学药学博士后流动站; 2 新疆名医名方与特色方剂重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011
摘 要:结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术和保留指数对维医常用药材香蜂花挥发油提取物进行了分析。从该挥发
油中共准确鉴定出 28 个化合物，占提取物总量的 99． 02%。结果发现，主要成分有( E) -3，7-dimethyl-2，6-octadi-
en-1-ol acetate ( 26． 48% ) 、( Z ) -citral ( 15． 46% ) 、( E ) -nerol ( 14． 51% ) 、( E ) -citral ( 14． 43% ) 、isoanisole
( 7. 88% ) 、palmitic acid ( 6． 93% ) 和( Z) -nerol ( 2． 56% ) ，多为单萜和倍半萜类成分，为维药香蜂花的质量标准
制定提供了科学依据。
关键词:香蜂花;挥发油;气相色谱-质谱联用;保留指数
中图分类号: R284. 1 文献标识码: A
Analysis of Essential Oil Components in Melissa officinalis Linn by GC-MS
YANG Juan1，2，Halmurat UPUR1，ZHAO He-shan2，ZHANG Fan1，2*
1Pharmaceutical Post-doctoral Station，Xinjiang Medical University;
2Xinjiang Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas，Urumqi 830011，China
Abstract: The essential oil components were analyzed in Melissa officinalis Linn by both GC-MS and retention indices at
the same time． Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from dried aerial part of M． officinalis Linn collected from Xin-
jiang province ( western China) ，was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( GC-FID) ，gas chroma-
tography coupled to mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) and all components’retention indices． Twenty-eight constituents were
accurately detected from the essential oil，accounting for 99． 02% of the total amount． The quantitatively significant con-
stituents of the essential oil were ( E) -3，7-dimethyl-2，6-octadien-1-ol acetate ( 26． 48% ) ，( Z) -citral ( 15． 46% ) ，
( E) -nerol ( 14． 51% ) ，( E ) -citral ( 14． 43% ) ，isoanisole ( 7． 88% ) ，palmitic acid ( 6． 93% ) and ( Z ) -nerol
( 2. 56% ) ． The components of M． officinalis Linn essential oil were complicated and were dominated by mono-and ses-
quiterpene compounds，which were maybe the main biological activities．
Key words: Melissa officinalis Linn; essential oil; GC-MS; retention indices
Introduction
Melissa officinalis Linn ( Labiatae ) distributes in the
China＇s west，Mediterranean countries and Central Eu-
rope． It is commonly used as a traditional Uighur me-
dicinal herb of antivirus，antifungal，sedative，anodyne，
carminative and spasmolysis［1-3］． Recently，it was also
found may be used to anti tumor and antioxidant［4］．
Furthermore，M． officinalis is one of the most important
herbs in Abnormal Savda Munziq which is considered
to be most effective prescription for uygur traditional
medicine in China［5，6］． Several studies on the chemical
constituents of M． officinalis have been reported and a
number of essential oil，flavonoids，and triterpenes have
been isolated from this plant［7-10］． Furthermore，experi-
ments showed the essential oil of M． officinalis pos-
sessed strong anticancerogenic，radical scavenging，and
antibacterial and antiproliferative activities［1，2］． How-
ever，whether the M． officinalis distributes in Xinjiang
province is defferent from other arears is unknown so far．
Typically，essential oils are highly complex mixtures of
often hundreds of individual aroma compounds． So，it
can be prepared by fragrance extraction techniques
such as distillation ( including steam distillation) ［11］．
In continuation of our research on the essential oils of
Abnormal Savda Munziq，we have investigated the vola-
tile constituents of others． The present work provides
information on the chemical constituents of the volatile
oils of M． officinalis growing in western China． This is
part of our extensive research aimed at the character-
ization of the chemical constituents and biological ac-
tivities of China medicinal plants and herbs as they are
made available．
Materials and Methods
Plant Material
Melissa officinalis Linn was a medicinal and aromatic
plant from the Labiatae family． The aerial part of M． of-
ficinalis was collected from western China in July
2010． The specie was identified by Prof． Sheng and a
specimen was deposited，under XFH727 number，in
Xinjiang Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Sci-
ence of Formulas，Xinjiang Medical University ( Chi-
na) ．
Isolation of the Volatile Oils
Samples of M． officinalis ( 200 g ) were submitted to
hydrodistillation process for three hours，in a Clev-
enger-type apparatus． The essential oils collected were
subsequently dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate
( Na2SO4 ) ，and stored in sealed vials and kept refriger-
ated at 4 ℃ until be analyzed．
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ( GC-
MS)
The hydrodistilled sample include turpentine oil were
analyzed using a Perkin-Elmer Turbomass-Autosystem
XL chromatograph equipped with a FID and PE-5MS
capillary column ( 30 m × 0． 25 mm，0． 25 μm film
thickness) ，working with the following temperature pro-
gram: 8 min at 50 ℃，subsequently at 3 ℃ /min up to
180℃，and finally at 6 ℃ /min up to 290 ℃ ( 18 min
hold) ; injector temperature 310 ℃，detector tempera-
ture 250 ℃ ． Helium was used as carrier gas，at a flow
rate of 15 psi． Split ratio was 1 ∶ 50． GC /MS analyses
were carried out using a GC-MS system operating in e-
lectron impact ionization mode at 70 eV electron ener-
gy，using the same PE-5MS capillary column ( 30 m ×
0． 25 mm，0． 25 μm film thicknesses) ． The temperature
program was 50-180 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃ /min and 180-
290 ℃ at a rate of 6 ℃ /min． Injector and transfer line
temperatures were 230 and 260 ℃，respectively． Heli-
um was used as carrier gas，flow rate of 15 psi，split ra-
tio 1∶ 50; injection of 0． 2 μL．
Most constituents were identified by gas chromatogra-
phy by comparison of their retention indices with those
of authentic compounds available in laboratories． The
retention indices were determined in relation to a ho-
mologous series of n-alkanes ( C6-C25 ) under the same
operating conditions． Further identification was made by
comparison of their mass spectra with those stored in
NIST 05 and Wiley 275 libraries． Component relative
percentages were calculated based on normalization
method without using correction factors，and based on
peak-areas from the GC-MS total ion current ( TIC )
data．
Results and Discussion
From the hydrodistillation，clear to light yellow essential
oils were obtained． An oil yield of 0． 15% was ob-
tained，and the oil yield of M． officinalis seems to de-
pend on the nature of parts of plants used for extraction
and also on the mode of extraction． Separation and re-
tention time of selected standard n-alkanes and essen-
tial oil from M． officinalis are shown in Fig． 1 and Fig．
2．
6321 Nat Prod Res Dev Vol. 24
The chemical compositions of the oils are summarized
in Table 1． Due to the complexity of the results，a total
of twenty-eight components have been accurately iden-
tified in the volatile profile of the essential oil，repre-
senting 99． 02% of the total oil components which were
detected and are listed in Table 1 both with their per-
centage composition and retention indices for the first
time． The oil was dominated by mono-and sesquiterpene
compounds which maybe the main biological activities．
Table 1 Essential oil constituents of M． officinalis
No． Retention time( min)
Retention
indices Compound
Molecular
formula
Contents %
( w /w)
1 11． 09 982 2-Methyl-1-hepten-6-one C8H14O 0． 32
2 16． 46 1065 2-Nonen-1-ol C9H18O 0． 21
3 18． 83 1101 Linalool C10H18O 1． 53
4 25． 82 1199 Isoanisole C10H12O 7． 88
5 26． 30 1205 Decanal C10H20O 0． 13
6 28． 10 1231 ( Z) -Nerol C10H18O 2． 56
7 28． 96 1243 ( Z) -Citral C10H16O 15． 46
8 29． 46 1250 Piperitone C10H16O 0． 13
9 29． 58 1252 ( + /-) 3，7-Dimethyl-1，6-octadien-3-ol C10H18O 0． 45
10 30． 78 1269 ( E) -Nerol C10H18O 14． 51
11 31． 42 1278 ( E) -Citral C10H16O 14． 43
12 34． 37 1321 Methyl geranate C11H18O2 0． 28
13 36． 96 1360 Neryl acetate C12H20O2 1． 33
14 37． 48 1367 Germacrene D C15H24 0． 19
15 37． 93 1374 β-Bourbonene C15H24 0． 22
16 38． 92 1389 ( E) 3，7-Dimethyl-2，6-octadien-1-olacetate C12H20O2 26． 48
17 40． 35 1410 Isocaryophyllene C15H24 0． 45
18 42． 58 1445 Dihydrocarveol acetate C12H20O2 0． 18
19 44． 22 1471 ( Z，Z，E) 3，3，6，6，9，9-Hexamethyl-tetracyclo［6． 1． 0． 0( 2，4) ． 0( 5，7) ］nonane
C15H24 0． 19
20 48． 31 1536 Humulene C15H24 0． 29
21 50． 43 1571 Caryophyllene oxide C15H24O 1． 37
22 55． 72 1660 Longifoliapinane C15H26 0． 17
23 61． 79 1778 Myristic acid C14H28O2 0． 26
24 64． 28 1845 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone C18H36O 1． 73
25 68． 35 1997 Palmitic acid C16H32O2 6． 93
26 70． 67 2128 Phytol C20H40O 0． 67
27 71． 36 2219 ( Z，Z) 9，12-Octadecadien-1-ol C18H34O 0． 20
28 71． 47 2228 ( Z，Z，Z) 9，12，15-Octadecatrien-1-ol C18H32O 0． 47
Total 99． 02
The results ( Table 1 ) show that the M． officinalis oil
contained about 85． 56% monoterpene and 9． 81% ses-
quiterpene hydrocarbons． The major constituents of the
oil of western China M． officinalis were ( E) -3，7-dime-
thyl-2，6-octadien-1-ol acetate ( 26． 48% ) ，( Z) -citral
( 15． 46% ) ，( E ) -nerol ( 14． 51% ) and ( E ) -citral
( 14． 43% ) ． Isoanisole ( 7． 88% )，palmitic acid ( 6. 93% )
and ( Z) -nerol ( 2． 56% ) were also present at relative-
7321Vol. 24 YANG Juan，et al: Analysis of Essential Oil Components in Melissa officinalis Linn by GC-MS
ly high percentage．
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