全 文 ：第27卷第5期 生态科学 27(5)：380．383
2008年10月 EcologicalS ience Oct．2008
EffectsoforganicchelatorsnPbuptakeand
translocationinPhragmitesaustralis
WUJun．fen912，YANGHai-jun1五·，ZHOUDanl’2
J．InstituteofGrasslandScience,NortheastNorm lUniversity,Changchun，130024,P．R．China
2．MinistryofEducation,KeyLaboratoryofVegetationEc logy,Changchu％13002tP．R．China
Keywords：Heavym tals；Organicchelators；Phytoextraction；Phragmitesaustralis
有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用 ．
吴俊锋L2，杨海军1≯
1东北师范大学草地科学研究所，长春130024
2植被生态科学教育部重点实验室，长春130024
【摘要】 近年来，随着人口的激增和工农业生产的迅猛发展，土壤和水体的重金属污染日益加重。植物提取技术作为一种新兴
的修复重金属污染的治理方法，以其潜在的高效、经济及其生态协调性等优势被广泛关注。其研究主要是利用对某些重金属具有
超富集能力的超积累植物或耐性植物，配合添加一定量的鳌合剂来进行修复。由于超富集植物一般生长缓慢且生物量小，因此利
用对重金属有一定耐性的生长快速、生物量大的植物来进行修复更具有广阔的应用前景。芦苇作为一种多年生禾本科植物，具有
生物量大、耐受性强和分布广泛的特点，已经被研究和应用到环境治理的多个领域。本文通过户外盆栽沙培试验，研究了铅胁迫
下，分别在2．10mmol·L。共5个浓度梯度的EDTA和柠檬酸两种鳌合剂处理下，芦苇生长对铅的响应以及对铅在植物体内的富集转
运的影响。初试结果表明：在4mmol·L—Pb(N03)2胁迫下，施／3flEDTA对芦苇的生长具有一定的抑制作用。当EDTA浓度为10mmol·L-1
时，透灌7d后，其芦苇根和地上部(茎和叶)干重分别是空白试验(未加螯合剂)的68．O％和72．3％，而柠檬酸对植物生物量
的影响较小。同时，EDTA和柠檬酸对铅在芦苇体内的富集和转运，都起到了促进作用。分别施加10mmol·Ld的EDTA和柠檬酸，其
植物根部和地上部的铅浓度分别为空白试验的7．4倍、10．7倍、2．5倍、3．5倍。EDTA在促进植物体内铅的吸收和从根部到地上部
的转运效率方面要比柠檬酸更为有效。尽管像EDTA和柠檬酸这样的鳌合剂能够在一定程度上提高植物的富集效率，但考虑到螯合
剂自身对植物的毒害性、对环境的潜在威胁以及运行成本等方面因素，目前，寻找高效、廉价、可生物降解的鳌合剂以及大生物
量的耐性植物成为植物提取技术的研究重点。
关键词：重金属；有机鳌合剂：植物提取；芦苇
中图分类号：Q945 文献标识码：A
1 Introduction
文章编号：1008-8873(2008)05—380-04
Thepollutedsoilandwaterwitllheavymetalsare
amajorenviromentalprob emthroughoutt eworldand
maythreat6necosystemandhumanhealth．Because
metalcontaminationis d fficultto degrade，·the
remediationofcontaminatedsitewithtoxicmetalsisa
challengingtask．Phytoextractionofmetalsis an
attractivemethodbecauseitis nvironmentallyfriend
ndcheaperthantheconventionalphysicaland
收稿日期：2008-09．10收稿，2008．10-10接受
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770416)、人事部高层次留学人才回国工作资助(2007171)
作者简介：吴俊锋(1979--)，女．博士研究生，研究方向：重金属污染的植物修复
+通讯作者，E-mail：yang@nenu．edu．∞
万方数据
5期 吴俊锋，等：有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用 38l
chemicalmethods．Twoappr achesa∞possible：the
useofhyperaccumuhtorplants，whichproducealow
biomass；andtheuseoftolerantplants，whichproducea
highbiomass．coupledwithead itionofchelators[M．
Mosthyperaccumulators，such嬲Thlaspi,Urtica，
Chenopodium，PolygonumsachalaseandAlyssimare
characterizedbyslowgrowthandlowbiomass
production，whichmaketheseplantsimpracticalforuse
inphytoextractioninthefield．Forthiseason,recent
researchprojectsonphytoextraetionhavefocusedon
highbiomassspecies，sucha maize(Zeamays)，peas
(Pisumsativum)，oats似venasativa)，barley(Hordeum
vulgare)andIndianmustard(Brassicajuncea)．
Reed(Phragmitesaustralis)isawidespread,
perennialandominantplantspeciesinalloverthe
world．Itcanproducea hiighbiomassquicklyand
withstandextremenviromentalco ditions，i．e．the
presenceoftoxicheavymetalcontaminants，suchasZn,
PbandCd．Consideringthefactthatreedisresistanto
pollutedenvironmentandreedbiomassitselfmayalso
beusedtoremovemetalsfromcontaminatedwaterby
harnessingitsnaturalproperties，itoftenbeusedto
accumulateheavymetalsin omestudies．
Manystudieshavebeencarriedoutonmetal
uptakewiththeadditionofchelators[5"s】suchas
nitrilotriaceticacid-NTA，ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid-EDTA，【S S】一ethylenediaminedisuccinicacid
-EDDSorcitrica id．Thesechelantshavea high
affinityformanymetals，andthusareusedtodissolve
them,facilitatingtheiruptakeandtransportintoxylem,
andincreasingtheirt anslocationfromr otsoshoots．
Thechelantscanmodifytheuptakeandthe
translocationofmetalsbyplants，buttheresultsofthe
accumulationdepe dnthespeciesofplant,chelator
andheavymetal．
Inthispaper，theroleofEDTAandcitrica idon
theavailability，accumulation，anddetoxificationfPb
forPhragmitesaustraliswasdiscussed．
2 MaterialsandMethods
Allreagentsusedtopreparethsolutionswereof
analyticalgr de．Highpurityde—ionizedwaterwasused
forallexpetiments．
2．1 plantgerminationndgrowth
Thestudiedsandculturewasievedthrough2mm
sieve。washedwithd ．ionizedwaterandair-driedfor5
d．SeedswerecollectedfromthebankofYitonglUver
ofChangchun，sterilizedbv75％ethanelfor15minand
germinatedatadepthof0．5cmat25℃inthemoist
sa dofaplasticsalver．After1 week,theseedlings
weretakenoutandeightseedlingswereplantedinthe
sandcultureineachpot，whichwasupplieddailywith
0．5timesdilutedHoaglandnutrientsolutionwiththe
followingcomposition：1．25mMKNO，。l mM
Ca(N03)2，0．5mMNH4H2P04，0．25mMMgS04，50
IlMKCI，25pMH3803，2pMMnS04，2}lMZnS04，
O．5pMCuS04，0．5pM(ha-L)6M07024and20ttM
FcNaEDTA．Theplantswerekeptoutsideduringthe
summerfoapproximateonemonth．
2．2 heavymetalndorganicchelatorsapplication
Metalextractionwascarriedoutin batch
experimentsuntiltheplantsgrowingtheseventhleaf．
Thiscontacttimewasdeterminedbya preliminary
experiment．Inordertopreventpossiblech lating
reactionsofFeNaEDTAwiththemetals．FeNaEDTA
wasremovedfromHoaglandsolutionnthemetal
uptakeexperience．Theplantswereirrigatedwiththe
solutionswhichonsistsof4mmolL。1Pb(N03)2and
differentco centrationsofEDTAandcitricacid"2。4，6，
8，lOL．1mmolEDTA；2，4，6，8，10mmolL“citric
acid．AIloforganicchelantswereaddedaspureacids。
exceptforEDTAasNa2EDTA．Inordertocompare
effectsoforganicchelatorsonPb．thesamel velswere
used．ControlexperimentswithonlyHoaglandsolution
and4mmolL"1Pb(N03)2withoutchelantswerealso
made．Threereplicateswerecarriedout．Theplants
weresubmittedo hisfar7d．
2．3Memlcorg。enta a咖is ‘
Plantsformetalanalysiswetebroughtto he
laboratoryandseparatedintoshootsandroots．These
partswererinsedwithdistilledwater，driedat80"Cfor
72handprocessedinaspherehomogenizer．Dried
万方数据
382 生态科学EcologicalScience 27卷
(a) (b)
Fig．1．EffectsoftheapplicationofEDTA(a)andcitrica id(b)atdifferentco centrationsonhedrymatter
yieldsofhootsandrootsinreedat4mmolL～Pb(N03)2．Valuesareme ns+_SD(n=4)
900’—+一EDTA
二
‘一
C
o
‘一
对
■
∞
C
U
ta_
0 2 4 6 8 10
chelatorc ncentration(mol／L)
(a)(b)
Fig．2．EffectsoftheapplicationofEDTAandcitrica idontheuptakeofPbintheroots(a)andshoots(b)of
reed．Valuesarerepresentedasmeans+_SD(n=4)．
homogenisedmaterial(atleast100mg)Wasdigestedby
adding10mlHN03／I-ICl04(4：l，v／v)inareactorand
heatedat120℃for6h．Aftercoolingovernight．the
digestedproductswerefilteredthroughWhatmanNo．
42filterpaperandilutedwithdistilledwatertoatotal
volumeof10m1．ConcentrationsofPdinthextracts
weredeterminedbyAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometry
(Perkin-ElmerAAnalyst10们．
2．4Statisticalanalysis
StatisticalanalysiswapreformedusingSPSS11．0
andExcelsoftwarepackages．Fourreplicateswere
alwaysconsideredandtheresultswerecomparedwith
inthesameconcentrationsofheavymetalndifferent
concentrationsofexogenouschelantstoa certainhe
uptakeandtranslocation．Thesignificanceofth se
resultswasevaluatedusingANOVAtests伊<0．05)．
3 ResultsandDiscussion
3．1Effects西EDlAandcitricacidonplantgrowth
ThedrymassyieldsofreedaleshowninFig．1．
Wh锄nochelantsandmetalswereaddedtothe
nutrientsolution．theplantsshowednorrnal
development．Thetreatm ntswith4 mmolL。1
Ph(N03)2anddifferentconcentrationEDTA
significantlyaffectedplantsgrowth(Fig．11．The
plantswerechloroticat hendofthe xperiment(7d
aftertheapplicationofchelants)，andtherootgrowth
waseverelyimpaired．Theadditionofcitrica id
咖瑚啪铷蝴湖卿m
o
一∞』＼矗m)spg‘∞
万方数据
5期 吴俊锋，等：有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用 383
appearedtobelesstoxicthanEDTAtoreed．Onthe
7nldayaftertheapplicationof10mmolL。EDTAand
10mmolL’1citricacid,shootdrymatteryields
decreasedto72．3％and84．6％ofthecontrolplants
whichonlystressedonPb(N03)2，androotdrymatter
yieldsecreasedto60．8％and80．0％respectively．
Therew renosignificanteffectsfromtheapplication
ofcitrica idonthedrymatterproductionofthe
plants．
3．2EffectsofEDlAandcitrica idOHrootsandshoots
metalconcentrationsandphytoextraction
Comparedwitllthecontrolgroup．theadditionof
EDTAandcitrica idtothestress．solutionsignificantly
increasedthconcentrationsofPbi therootsand
shoots(Fig．2)．EDTAwasmoreeffectivehancitric
acidonincreasingPbconcentrationintheplantsandPb
translocationfromr ottoshoot．Withtheincreaseof
theconcentrationofthechelators，theconcentrationof
Pbandtranslocationefficiencyintheplantswere
increasing．Onthe7thday，aftertheapplicationof10
mmolL。EDTA．theconcentrationsofPbintheroots
andshootsoftheplantsreached3252．5and760．8
mgk91，respectively，whichwere7．4-and10．7·foldthat
ofthecontrols(withouttheapplicationofchelators)．
ForPb，citricacidwasignificantlylOSSeffectivehan
EDTA．althoughenhanceduptakewasalsobserved．
ConcentrationsofPbintherootsandshootsofreed
increased2．5．and3．5．foId，respectively．MostofthePb
absorbedbytheplantswasconcentratedinthroots．
TheapplicationofEDTAandcitrica idsignificantly
increasedthshoot-to-rootratiosftheconcentrations
ofPbintheplants．EDTAwasalsomoreeffectivehan
citrica idinstimulatingthetransiocationofPbfrom
rootsoshoots．弭仍en10mmolL。ofED肠andcitric
acidwereapplied,themeanpercentageofthe
shoot-to．rootratiosftheconcentrationsofPbinreed
increasedfrom16．2％inthecontrolsamplesto23．3％
and19．1％，respectively．
Chemicallyenhancedphytoextractionh sbee
proposedasaneffectiveapproachforemovingheavy
metalsusingplants．Inthispaper，EDTAandcitrica id
havebeentestedfortheirabilitytomobilizeand
increasethaccumulationofPb．Ther sultsofthis
studydemonstratedthatheEDTAtreatmentwas
superiorthancitrica idintermsofsolubilizingPbfor
rootuptakeandtranslocationin oabovegroundbiomass
duetoits trongchemicalaffinityforPb．
Referenees
IlJLuoCL，ShenZGLiXD甜a／．2006．Enhanced
phytoextractionofPbandothermetalsfromartificially
contaminatedsoilsthroughthecombinedapplicationof
EDTAandEDDS[J】Chemosphere，63(10)，1773—1784．
【2】2 AmPGC，Marques，RuiS Ol veira,Kalina八
Samardjievaeta／．2008．PaulaM．L．CastroEDDSand
EDTA-enhancedzi ca cumulationbys lanumigmm
inoculatedwitharbuscularmycorrhizalfungigrownin
contaminatedsoil[J]．Chemosphere，70：1002-1014．
【3】 KaiHH，PoHKZengYH．2007．Effectsofchelatorson
chromiumandnickeluptakebyBrassicajunceaon
serpentine-minetailingsforphyloexlraction【J】．Journalof
HazardousMamriab，48：366-376．
14l SunQ，WangXKDingS M．etat2005．Effectsof
exogenousorganicchelatorsonphytochelatinsproduction
anditsrelationshipwithcadmiumtoxicitynwheat
(Triticumaestivum厶) undercadmiums仃ess[J]．
Chemosphere，60：22-31．
【5J LuoCL，ShenZGLiXD日02．2006．Enhanced
phytoextraetionofPbandothermetalsfromartificially
contaminatedsoilsthroughthecombinedapplicationof
EDTAandEDDS[J]．Chemosphere，63：1773-1784．
16 PalmaLD，Mecozzi＆2007．Heavymetalsmobilization
fromharboul"sedimentsus ngEDTAandcitrica idas
chelatingagents[J]．JournalofHazardousMaterials，147：
768--775．
17l DuarteB，DelgadoM，CacadorI．2007．111erolofcitric
acidincadmiumandniekeluptakeandtranslocation,in
Halimioneportulacoides[J]．Chemosphere．69：836_840．
【8l ChenYX，LinQ，LuoYM．2003．111eroleofcitricacidon．
thephytoremediationofheavymetalcontaminatedsoil[J]．
Chemosphere．50：807_811．
万方数据
有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用
作者： 吴俊锋， 杨海军， ZHOU Dan， WU Jun-feng， YANG Hai-jun， ZHOU Dan
作者单位： 吴俊锋,杨海军,WU Jun-feng,YANG Hai-jun(东北师范大学草地科学研究所,长春,130024;植
被生态科学教育部重点实验室,长春,130024)， ZHOU Dan,ZHOU Dan(Institute of
Grassland Science,Northeast Normal
University,Changchun,130024,P.R.China;Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of
Vegetation Ecology,Changchun,130024,P.R.China)
刊名： 生态科学
英文刊名： ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE
年，卷(期)： 2008,27(5)
被引用次数： 1次

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