合成有机物在环境中的残留和危害已不仅仅局限于其毒性、富集、致畸和致突变,同时还能干扰包括人类在内的生物的内分泌调节作用.近年来发达国家已开始逐渐有了环境方面的条例,限制和控制这类化合物在水及食物链中的含量.现已清楚地知道,部分除草剂和杀虫剂(如阿特拉津、DDT),塑料的添加增塑剂均有内分泌激素活性,从而对生物的正常生长发育造成不良的影响.而这些化合物不但广泛存在于环境中,在特定的环境中其含量更是非常之高.以增塑剂邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为例,它们在填埋渗出液中的含量可高达10g·L-1.在我们研究这类化合物的微生物降解时发现,从活性污泥和红树林中富集到的好氧微生物能将这类化合物完全矿化,且反应速度很快.同时也发现,在降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯时,单一的纯菌不能完全降解这类化合物,而二种或三种组合的纯菌可以在一周内将500mg·L-1的底物完全矿化.我们已分离、鉴定出中间产物,建立起了降解途径.研究的结果证实,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯类环境激素是能够在排放前通过微生物的作用达到完全矿化的.另一方面,药物类化合物的残留问题也是一个逐渐显现出的环境问题,这方面的研究应引起更多的关注和重视.
Synthetic organic pollutants are not only toxic and accumulative but also able to induce malformation and mutation. Contamination of synthetic compounds in environment disrupts the endocrine system in organisms including human beings. Developed countries have established regulations to limit and control the amount of these compounds in water and food chain. It is clearly known that some herbicides and insecticides (e.g. atrazine and DDT), and plasticizers are all endocrine-disrupting organics, which have adverse effect on the normal development of organisms. These compounds, however, present widely in the environment. The concentration could be extremely high under special circumstance. For example, as high as 10 g·L-1 of phthalic acid and dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) were found in landfill leachate. According to our investigation on microbial degradation of phthalic acid and DMPE, enrichment culture obtained from activated sludge and mangrove can mineralize this kind of compounds within short period of time. It is also found that single bacterial species is not able to completely degrade DMPE. Consortium of two or three pure species could mineralize DMPE at a concentration of 500 mg·L-1 within one week. Two degradation intermediates were isolated and identified, and degradation pathway has been established in our investigation. It has been approved that environmental hormone such as DMPE could be mineralized by microorganisms. On the other hand, environmental residues of pharmaceutical compounds are an emerging problem and more attention should be paid to conduct research in this field.
全 文 ： 万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
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万方数据
万方数据
环境激素类有机污染物的微生物降解和药物类化合物的残留
问题
作者： 顾继东， 王莹莹
作者单位： 香港大学生态及生物多样性学系环境毒理实验室,香港,薄扶林道
刊名： 生态科学
英文刊名： ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年，卷(期)： 2003,22(1)
被引用次数： 8次
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