Abstract:Pinus yunnanensis Franch. and P. yunnanensis Franch. var. pygmaea (Hsüeh) Hsüeh were cultivated at the same area and in the same year. It was found that P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea maintains its dwarfism even growing in a suitable habitat. The wood structures of this dwarf pine exhibit several characters similar to those of the phenotypic dwarf pine, such as that the length of tracheids is shortened; the diameter becomes narrowed; resin canals increase and more or less concentrate in the late wood; the boundary between early wood and late wood is indistinct, etc. However, it is rather difficult to find the twisted tracheids which is commonly seen in the phenotypic dwarf pine.