全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (3): 405–409(2007) doi:10.1360/aps050103
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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Received: 7 July 2005 Accepted: 26 July 2006
Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 30570121, the State Scholarship Fund of China, and
the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.
* E-mail:
Orthotrichum courtoisii (Bryophyte), a new
synonym of O. consobrinum
1, 2GUO Shui-Liang* 2MO Ya-Ying 1CAO Tong
1(College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China)
2(College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)
Abstract The comparison of the type specimens between Orthotrichum courtoisii Broth. &
Paris and O. consobrinum confirmed that the former is a new synonym of the latter. In
addition, Orthotrichum consobrinum was described and illustrated in detail with line drawings
based on the syntype of Orthotrichum consobrinum, as well as on the holotype of O. courtoisii
in H.
Key words Orthotrichum courtoisii, Orthotrichum consobrinum, new synonymy.
Orthotrichum courtoisii Broth. & Paris, a species considered as endemic to China, was
first described from Zika Wei (a district in Shanghai), China (Fig. 1) (Paris, 1910). Afterward,
it was also reported from Hubei (Brotherus, 1929), Jiangsu (Hu & Wang, 1987; Xu, 1989) and
Zhejiang (Hu & Wang, 1987). However, it was not included in the monograph of the genus
Orthotrichum in Southeast Asia (Lewinsky, 1992). Though Lewinsky made a remark “=
Orthotrichum consobrinum Card.” on the holotype of O. courtoisii preserved in H, she did not
synonymize O. courtoisii formally. After that, Redfearn et al. (1996) still listed O. courtoisii
as a valid species. After comparison of types of Orthotrichum courtoisii and O. consobrinum,
we confirmed that O. courtoisii is a synonym of O. consobrinum.
Fig. 1. Syntype of Orthotrichum consobrinum in H.
Orthotrichum consobrinum Card., Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 8: 336. 1908. Type: Japan.
“Aomori, rochers et troncs d’arbres”, 1904, Faurie 2716 (syntype, H!).
Orthotrichum courtoisii Broth. & Par. in Rev. Bryol. 37: 2, 1910 [“i”], syn. nov. Type:
China. Zika Wei, Xbri, 1908-12, R. P. Courtois 1288 (holotype, H!).
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 406
Plants in scattered tufts, to 10 mm high, densely leaved, dark-brown to black-brown
below, olive-green to dark-green above. Stem simple, rhizoids developed at base of stems.
Leaves slightly appressed, erect or slightly flexuose when dry, lanceolate, acute to acuminate,
1.5–2.5×0.3–0.6 mm; leaf margins entire and plane or slightly recurved on one side; costa
reaching leaf apex, yellowish-brown; median and upper laminal cells somewhat obscure,
inflated, thin-walled, quadrate to short rectangular, somewhat irregular, 8–14×7–15 μm,
papillose, with 1–2 low, simple papillae per cell; basal cells rectangular, pellucid, 18–40×
9–14 μm, along basal leaf margins and in leaf corner shorter, almost quadrate.
Gonioautoicous. Perichaetial leaves similar to stem leaves. Capsules slightly emergent,
8-ribbed for entire length when dry, not distinctly constricted below mouth; exothecal cells
differentiated in upper half of capsule into 8 yellow stripes with slightly thicker walls,
separated by 8 hyaline stripes; stomata immersed, more or less covered by protruding
subsidiary cells, present in lower part of capsule; operculum ca. 0.3 mm long; peristome
double, exostome teeth in 8 pairs, triangular-lanceolate, yellowish, finely papillose
throughout, reflexed when dry; endostome segments 8, shorter than exostome teeth, linear,
hyaline, finely papillose. Spores globose, 13–17 μm, minutely papillose. Calyptra large,
conic, lobed at base, to 1.5 mm long, with 16 plicae, naked.
Orthotrichum consobrinum was described based on the collection of Faurie from Japan
(Fig. 2), this species has been reported from China, Europe, Japan, Alaska and North America
(Crum & Anderson, 1981; Lewinsky, 1992). In China, Orthotrichum consobrinum was
recorded in Anhui (Lewinsky, 1992), Hunan (Lewinsky, 1992), Jiangsu (Xu, 1989; Lewinsky,
1992) and Zhejiang (Hu & Wang, 1987).
Fig. 2. Holotype of Orthotrichum in H.
Brotherus once reported O. courtoisii Broth. & Paris from Hunan in 1929 according to
three specimens collected by Handel-Mazzetti (Nr. 11.538, 12.154, 11.155). Specimens Nr.
11.538 was collected near Changsha and Nr. 11.154 from Yun-shan, both of them were
checked and proved to be Orthotrichum consobrinum Card. We tried to check specimen Nr.
11.155, but could not locate it in H.
Noguchi (1968) once pointed that O. consobrinum in Japan varies greatly in their leaf
shape and size, but its naked conic calyptra with 16 sharp, almost smooth placations could be
applied to distinguish it from other Chinese taxa of the genus. Noguchi & Iwatsuki (1989) and
Lewinsky (1992) made descriptions and illustrations of O. consobrinum. This species usually
grows on tree trunk in open environment.
No. 3 GUO et al.: Orthotrichum courtoisii (Bryophyte), a new synonym of O. consobrinum 407
Fig. 3. Orthotrichum consobrinum. A–D, leaves when wet; E, calyptra; F, basal lamina cells; G, upper lamina cells; H,
leaf apex; I–J, transverse sections of leaf. ( All from syntype of O. consobrinum in H ).
Line scale: a=0.40 mm (A–E); b=40 µm (F–J).
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 408
Fig. 4. Orthotrichum consobrinum. A–I, leaves when wet; J, leaf apex; K, upper laminal cells; L, basal laminal cells
near margins; M, basal laminal cells near costa; N–O, transverse sections of leaf; P, calyptra (All from holotype of O.
courtoisii in H).
Line scale: a=0.40 mm (A–I); b=40 µm ( J–O); c=0.80 mm (P).
No. 3 GUO et al.: Orthotrichum courtoisii (Bryophyte), a new synonym of O. consobrinum 409
Other specimens checked:
China. Hunan (湖南): Changsha (长沙) (“prope urbem Tschangsha”), Handel-Mazzetti 12.538 (H);
Wukang (武康), Yunshan (云山), Handel-Mazzetti 12.154 (H); Kgan King, R. P. Courtois, no. 151. 207.
1788 (H)”; Wulingyuan (武陵源), Koponen et al. 52534.
Acknowledgements The first author gratefully acknowledges the support from the
Finnish-Chinese Botanical Foundation, and also thanks Teuvo AHTI, Xiao-Lan HE, Juhani
HEINO, Sanna HUTTUNEN, Jaakko HYVŐNEN and Sirkka SÄLLINEN at the Herbarium
of The Natural History Museum of The University of Helsinki, for their hospitality and help
during his visit in 2004.
References
Brotherus V F. 1929. IV. Musci. In: Handel-Mazzetti H ed. Symbolae Sinicae. Botanische Ergebnisse der
Expedition der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien nach Südwest-China 1914/1918. Wien: Julius
Springer Verlag. 1–74.
Crum H, Anderson L E. 1981. Mosses of Eastern North America. Vol. II. New York: Columbia University
Press. 678–743.
Hu R-L (胡人亮), Wang Y-F (王幼芳). 1987. A review of the moss flora of East China. Memoirs New York
Botanical Garden 45: 455–465.
Lewinsky J. 1992. The genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Orthotrichaceae, Musci) in Southeast Asia. A taxonomic
revision. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 72: 1–88.
Noguchi A. 1968. Musci Japonici. VIII. The genus Orthotrichum. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory
31: 115–129.
Noguchi A, Iwatsuki Z. 1989. An Illustrated Moss Flora of Japan (Part 3). Nichinan: Hattori Botanical
Laboratory. 576–621.
Redfearn P L, Tan BC, He S.1996. A newly updated and annotated checklist of Chinese Mosses. Journal of the
Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 79: 163-357.
Paris E G. 1910. Muscinées de lAsiae orientale. Revue Bryologique 32: 1–14
Xu B-S (徐炳声). 1989. Cryptogamic Flora of the Yangtze Delta and Adjacent Regions (长江三角洲及邻近
地区孢子植物志). Shanghai: Science and Technology Publishers). Shanghai: Science and Technology
Publishers.
Orthotrichum courtoisii (苔藓植物),
丛生木灵藓的一个新异名
1, 2郭水良* 2莫亚鹰 1曹 同
1(上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院 上海 200234)
2(浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院 金华 321004)
摘要 经过模式标本与普通标本的查检，确认华东木灵藓Orthotrichum courtoisii Broth. & Paris是丛生
木灵藓O. consobrinum Card.的一个新异名; 基于丛生木灵藓的模式标本，对该种进行了详细的描述，
绘制了其详图。
关键词 Orthotrichum courtoisii; 丛生木灵藓; 新异名