全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (6): 880–883(2007) doi:10.1360/aps07015
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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Received: 29 January 2007 Accepted: 22 May 2007
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Grant Nos. 2006CB701400 & 2006CB806400, and the National
Natural Science Foundation of China, Grants Nos. 40472004 & 40632010.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: .
Nomenclatural notes on some ginkgoalean fossil
plants from China
WU Xiang-Wu ZHOU Zhi-Yan* WANG Yong-Dong
(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)
Abstract Two morphotaxa of ginkgoalean fossil plants from China bear illegitimate specific
names, viz. Sphenobaiera biloba S. N. Feng (1977) and S. rugata Z. Q. Wang (Dec. 1984),
that are heterotypic later homonyms of S. biloba Prynada (1938) and S.? rugata Z. Y. Zhou
(Mar. 1984) respectively. Under Art. 53.1 and 7.3 of the Vienna Code, new specific names are
proposed to supersede these illegitimate names. Two other names, viz. Baiera ziguiensis F. S.
Meng (1987) and Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988), were not
validly published, because no nomenclatural type was definitely indicated. New species are
instituted for the two morphotaxa here. Although the specific name Ginkgoites elegans Cao
(1992) was antedated by Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988), it still
remains available for use, as the latter name has no status under the Vienna Code (Art. 12, 37)
and thus no priority over Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao.
Key words Ginkgoales, Ginkgoites, Baiera, Sphenobaiera, morphospecies, nomenclature.
In compiling the Chinese record of fossil plants described since 1865, several illegitimate
and/or not validly published names of ginkgoalean morphotaxa were found. They are either
later homonyms or were published without a definite indication of the type (Art. 53.1 and
37.1, 2 of the Vienna Code) (McNeil et al., 2006). In this note, new names are proposed to
supersede the illegitimate names, and new species are instituted for the morphotaxa that were
not validly published previously. Another name that is preoccupied by an earlier designation
is mentioned in the note. It remains, however, unchanged, since the earlier name was not
validly published.
1. Sphenobaiera fengii X. W. Wu & Y. D. Wang, nom. nov.
S. biloba S. N. Feng in Fossil Atlas Central South China 2: 668, pl. 250, fig. 1. 1977, non
Sphenobaiera biloba B. D. Prynada (1938). Type: China. Hunan (湖南): Xinhua (新化),
Ma’anshan (马鞍山), Upper Permian Lungtan (Longtan) Formation (龙潭组), P25141
(holotype, YIGMR! Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy
of Geological Sciences=formerly Hopei Institute of Geological Sciences, 中国地质科学院宜
昌地质矿产研究所=原湖北地质科学研究所).
Sphenobaiera biloba B. D. Prynada (1938, p. 47, pl. 5, fig. 1; Samylina, 1967) has been
known as a Lower Cretaceous species originally described from the Kolyma River Basin of
northeastern Asia. It is distributed also in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province of
northeastern China (Chen et al., 1988; Deng, 1995; Deng et al., 1997). As a later homonym, S.
biloba S. N. Feng (Fossil Atlas Central South China 2: 668; Feng et al., 1977) is illegitimate
and should be substituted. Here, a new specific name after the author S. N. Feng,
Sphenobaiera fengii X. W. Wu & Y. D. Wang, is proposed and typified by the type specimen
of Sphenobaiera biloba S. N. Feng (Art. 7.3).
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2. Sphenobaiera wangii X. W. Wu, Z. Y. Zhou & Y. D. Wang, nom. nov.
S. rugata Z. Q. Wang in Palaeont. Atlas N. China 2: 278, pl. 118, figs. 1, 1a. Dec. 1984
[non Sphenobiaera? rugata Z. Y. Zhou (Mar. 1984)]. Type: China. Shanxi (山西): Linxian
(临县), Kaihua (开化), Middle to Upper Triassic Yenchang (Yanchang) Formation (延长组),
P0114 (holotype, NIGPAS! Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所).
Sphenobaiera rugata Z. Q. Wang (1984, p. 278, pl. 118, figs.1–5) and Sphenobaiera?
rugata Z. Y. Zhou (1984, p. 44, pl. 26, figs. 1–1g) were published in the same year. The name
Sphenobaiera? rugata Z. Y. Zhou which is erected based on a ginkgoalean leaf from the
Lower Jurassic Xiwan Formation of Xiwan, Guangxi, China, appeared in March, 1984 and
has priority over Sphenobaiera rugata Z. Q. Wang named for a Triassic specimen issued in
December, 1984 (Article 53.1). Sphenobaiera wangii X. W. Wu, Z. Y. Zhou &Y. D. Wang, a
nomen novum after the author Z. Q. Wang, is therefore proposed to supersede the later
homonym S. rugata Z. Q. Wang. The type specimen of S. rugata Z. Q. Wang (1984. Palaeont.
Atlas N. China 2: pl. 118, fig. 1, no. P0114) is transferred to Sphenobaiera wangii X. W. Wu,
Z. Y. Zhou &Y. D. Wang.
3. Baiera mengii X. W. Wu & Y. D. Wang, sp. nov.
B. ziguiensis F. S. Meng in Biostratigr. Yangtze Gorge Area, 4: 255, pl. 35, fig. 3, 1987,
non B. ziguiensis G. X. Chen (1984). Type: China. Hubei (湖北): Zigui (秭归), Chezhanping
(车站坪), Lower Jurassic Hsiangchi (Xiangxi) Formation (香溪组), P82219 (holotype,
YIGMR).
Diagnosis: Leaf petiolate. Petiole more than 40 mm long and 3 mm wide. Lamina
flabellate to cuneate, with nearly straight lateral margins forming a basal angle of 60°–70°.
Lamina firstly deeply divided down to the apex of petiole into two nearly equal halves; each
half further divided three times into 16 or more ultimate segments. Segments elongate,
narrowly cuneate to linear, about 1.5–4 mm wide, with an obtusely acute or rounded apex.
Veins 2–3 per segments, branching in the lower part at acute angles and parallel to the lateral
margin throughout the length of segments.
Leaves amphistomatic. Cuticle of one (? upper) surface of the leaf showing distinct
alternate vein courses and stomatal strips. Epidermal cells with straight walls, more elongate
and regularly arranged, and with thicker lateral anticlinal walls in the vein course than in the
stomatal strip. Stomata scattered and irregularly distributed. Cuticle of the other (? lower)
surface consisting of less distinct vein courses and stomatal strips. Epidermal cells with
smooth periclinal and straight anticlinal walls, elongate to rectangular in the vein course and
polygonal and irregularly arranged in the stomatal strip. Stomata scattered mostly in the
stomatal strip, randomly oriented, but longitudinal ones predominant. Guard cells sunken;
subsidiary cells 5–6 in number, only thickened at the proximal side, forming a rim
surrounding the pit mouth.
Baiera ziguiensis F. S. Meng (In: Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ed. Biostratigr. Yangtze Gorge Area, 4: 255, pl. 35,
figs. 2, 3; pl. 37, figs. 4, 5, 1987) was effectively published, but with no definite type
specimen indicated, despite that two specimens (P82218, P82219) were designated as
syntypes. According to Art. 37.1, 2 of the Vienna Code, it is not a validly published name. A
new species is here instituted for this morphotaxa, with the specific epithet after the author F.
S. Meng. One of the specimens of B. ziguiensis F. S. Meng (1987. Biostratigr. Yangtze Gorge
Area, 4: pl. 35, fig. 3, no. P82219) is indicated as the holotype, and an English diagnosis is
given. The description, discussion and illustration published for Baiera ziguiensis F. S. Meng
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45

882
are all transferred to Baiera mengii X. W. Wu & Y. D. Wang (Article 7.3). The earlier validly
published name Baiera ziguiensis G. X. Chen (Chen, 1984, p. 604, 801, pl. 265, fig.1), non
Baiera ziguiensis F. S. Meng (1987), established based on a different ginkgoalean specimen
from the Lower Jurassic Hsiangchi Formation of Xietan, Zigui County, Hubei Province,
China is still available for use.
4. Ginkgoites yangii X. W. Wu & Y. D. Wang, sp. nov.
G. elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun, G. L. Shen in J. Lanzhou Univ. Nat. Sci. 24: 77, pl. 2,
fig. 3, 1988, non Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao (1992). Type: China. Gansu (甘肃): Lanzhou
(兰州), Yaojie (窑街), Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation (窑街组), coal-bearing member,
LP86007 (holotype, Department of Geology, Lanzhou University 兰州大学地质系)
Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen was originally erected for
ginkgoalean leaves from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of Lanzhou, Gansu Province,
China. The authors (Yang et al., 1988, p. 71, 75, 77, pl. 2, figs. 1–6) studied a number of
specimens and three of them were figured (LP86005–LP86007). However, they did not
definitely indicate the type specimen. According to Article 37.1, the name Ginkgoites elegans
S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988) is not validly published. A new species is here
instituted for this morphotaxa, with the specific epithet after the first author S. Yang. One of
the figured specimens of Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988. J.
Lanzhou Univ. Nat. Sci., 24: 77, pl.2, fig. 3, no. LP86007) is designated here as the holotype.
The English diagnosis, description, discussion and illustration published for Ginkgoites
elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun, G. L. Shen are all transferred to Ginkgoites yangii X. W. Wu &
Y. D. Wang sp. nov.
5. Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao (1992)
G. elegans Z. Y. Cao in Acta Palaeont. Sin. 31: 245, text-fig. 2, pl. 1, fig. 8. 1992, non G.
elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988). Type: China. Heilongjiang (黑龙江): Suibin
(绥滨), 26 Well at 443 m, Early Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation (城子河组) member 2,
PB16102 (holotype, NIGPAS!).
Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao (Cao, 1992, p. 233, 234, 245) is a validly published name,
although it is found to be antedated by an earlier designation: Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B.
N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988). As mentioned above, Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun &
G. L. Shen (1988) is not a validly published name according to Article 37.1. It has no status
under the nomenclatural code and no priority over other validly published name (Article
12.1). Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao (1992) is, therefore, a legitimate name available for use.
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中国银杏目植物化石的几个命名问题
吴向午 周志炎* 王永栋
(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 南京 210008)

摘要 依据《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)第6.4条, 我国两种银杏目植物化石具有不合法的形态
种名。Sphenobaiera biloba S. N. Feng (1977)和S. rugata Z. Q. Wang (1984, Dec.) 分别为S. biloba Prynada
(1938)和S.? rugata Z. Y. Zhou (1984, Mar.)的晚出同名。兹遵照国际植物命名法规(第7.3和53.1条)为上述
两种植物分别建立新名称。另两个形态种名Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988)和
Baiera ziguiensis F. S. Meng (1987)在发表时都未曾明确指定模式标本, 因而是不合格发表的名称(法规
第12和37条)。本文为之分别指定主模式, 并建立新种。Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao (1992)一名虽然被
Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988)先期占用, 因其为合格发表名称, 仍可应用, 而
后一名称不是合格发表的, 并不具备命名上的优先权。
关键词 银杏目; 似银杏属; 拜拉属; 楔拜拉属; 形态种; 命名