Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from Gannan grassland of Gansu belonging to the east edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, is described and illustrated. It is related to E. regelii Wettst. by having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, but differs from plant shorter, 3–7 cm high, without ramification, leaves smaller, 3–5 mm long, corolla yellow, the back 3–5 mm long, and labium shorter than muffle. It is also similar to E. pectinata Ten. by bracts obviously bigger than vegetative leaves, but differs from plant shorter, leaves smaller, having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, corolla yellow, labium shorter than muffle.
全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (5): 705–707(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06147
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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2006-09-18 收稿, 2007-05-09 收修改稿。
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目(90202009); 国家自然科学基金项目(30470307)(Supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 90202009, 30470307)。
* 通讯作者(Author for correspondence. Tel.: 86-931-8912890; E-mail: guozdu@lzu.edu.cn)。
青藏高原小米草属(玄参科)一新种——短唇小米草
1,2王一峰 2廉永善 1杜国祯*
1(兰州大学干旱与草地农业生态教育部重点实验室 兰州 730000)
2 (西北师范大学生命科学学院 兰州 730070)
Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du,
a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
1,2WANG Yi-Feng 2LIAN Yong-Shan 1DU Guo-Zhen*
1(Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)
2(College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, a new species of the
Scrophulariaceae from Gannan grassland of Gansu belonging to the east edge of the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, is described and illustrated. It is related to E. regelii Wettst.
by having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, but differs from plant shorter, 3–7
cm high, without ramification, leaves smaller, 3–5 mm long, corolla yellow, the back 3–5 mm
long, and labium shorter than muffle. It is also similar to E. pectinata Ten. by bracts obviously
bigger than vegetative leaves, but differs from plant shorter, leaves smaller, having dense
tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, corolla yellow, labium shorter than muffle.
Key words Euphrasia, Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du,
Scrophulariaceae, new species, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.
摘要 描述了青藏高原的甘南地区产玄参科Scrophulariaceae小米草属Euphrasia一新种——短唇小米草
E. brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, 并绘制了形态图。本种以其叶、苞叶和花萼上具有密的
腺毛与短腺小米草E. regelii Wettst.相似, 但植株矮小(高仅3–7 cm), 不分枝, 叶小(长仅3–5 mm), 花冠
黄色, 背面长3–5 mm, 下唇比上唇短易与短腺小米草区别。本种又以其苞叶明显大于营养叶与小米草
E. pectinata Ten.相似, 但其植株矮小, 不分枝, 叶小, 叶、苞叶与花萼被密的腺毛, 花冠黄色, 下唇比上
唇短易与小米草区别。
关键词 小米草属; 短唇小米草; 玄参科; 新种; 青藏高原; 中国
在连续几年的属于青藏高原东缘的甘肃甘南高寒草甸的野外考察中, 开黄花的小米
草引起了我们的注意, 因为在该地区小米草属Euphrasia L.主要分布有两个种, 即小米草
E. pectinata Ten.和短腺小米草E. regelii Wettst., 且这两个种在该地分布相当普遍, 它们
的花常为白色或淡紫色, 尤其在花完全开放时, 下唇明显要比上唇长。此后, 我们有意识
地寻找和观察该种, 结果在海拔分别为2900 m合作的博拉沟和3200 m卓尼的车吧沟分别
发现了该种的居群, 经过观察解剖和对兰州大学、西北师范大学和中国科学院寒旱研究
所的标本的查阅, 确定该种为一新种。该种较为稳定的特征如植株矮小, 不分枝, 花黄色,
植 物 分 类 学 报 45 卷 706
下唇比上唇短, 与小米草属其他种, 特别是小米草和短腺小米草明显不同, 现报道如下。
短唇小米草 新种 图1
Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, sp. nov. Fig. 1
Species affinis E. regelii Wettst., a qua differt planta humile, tantum 3–7 cm alta,
simplici, foliis minoribus, tantum 3–5 mm longis, corolla lutea, labio inferiore quam labio
superiore breviore, sed haec 5–30 cm alba, 5–10 mm longa, labio inferiore longiore differt.
Species necnon affinis E. pectinatae Ten., a qua differt planta humile, simplici, foliis
minoribus cum calyce glandulosis; corolla, labio inferiore breviore, sed haec 8–30 cm alta,
simplici vel ramose, foliis 5–15 cm longis cum calyce non glandulosis, corolla alba, vel
lilacina, labio inferiore conspicue longiore differt.
Herba annua. Caulis electus, 3–7 cm altus, simplex, bubescense. Folia et bracteae
sessiles, ovatae vel ovato-rotundatae, basi laticuneatae, 3–5 mm longae, margine dentatae,
glandulosae setaceaeque. Inflorescentia spicata terminata, calyx tubulosus, quadrifidus, dense
glandulosus et pauci-setaceus. Corolla bilabiata, lutea, labio superiore purpureo-poecilantho,
3–5 mm longo, extus piloso, labio inferiore illo breviore; calcartis ad basim antherarum;
ovarium superum, stylusque pubescens. Capsula longe oblonga, pubescens. Fl. Aug. Fr. Sept.
–Oct.
China. Gansu (甘肃): Hezuo (合作), Bolagou (博拉沟), alt. 2900 m, in grassland of
valley, 2005-08-15, Y. F. Wang (王一峰) 2005215 (holotype, NWTC); Jonê (卓尼), Chebagou
(车吧沟), alt. 3200 m, in grassland of edge of forest, 2005-08-25, Y. F. Wang (王一峰)
2005232 (NWTC).
一年生草本。茎直立, 高3–7 cm, 不分枝, 被白色柔毛。叶与苞叶无柄, 卵形至卵圆
图1 短唇小米草 A, 植株; B, 叶; C, 花; D, 花冠; E, 雄蕊; F, 雌蕊。(陶明琴根据王一峰2005215号标本绘)
Fig. 1. Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du. A, plant; B, leaf; C, flower; D, corolla; E, stamen; F,
pistil. Drawn by M. Q. Tao from Y. F. Wang 2005215.
5 期 王一峰等: 青藏高原小米草属(玄参科)一新种——短唇小米草 707
形, 基部宽楔形, 长3–5 mm, 边缘具齿, 被腺毛和刚毛。穗状花序顶生, 花萼筒状, 4 裂,
被密的腺毛, 夹杂少量的刚毛; 花冠黄色, 上唇带紫色斑点, 背面长3–5 mm, 外面被白
色柔毛, 下唇短于上唇; 药室基部具芒状距, 子房上位, 子房与花柱均被毛。蒴果长矩圆
形, 被柔毛。花期8月, 果期9–10月。
小米草属在我国产两个组, 即小米草组sect. Semicalcaratae Benth.和热带小米草组
sect. Paradoxae Pugsley, 两个组在地理上明显间断。短唇小米草为一年生草本, 苞叶明显
大于营养叶, 很明显属于前者, 它与小米草组中的短腺小米草E. regelii Wettst.近缘, 但植
株矮小, 高仅3–7 cm, 不分枝; 叶小, 长仅3–5 mm; 花冠黄色, 背面长3–5 mm; 下唇比上
唇短而不同。本种又与小米草E. pectinata Ten.相似, 但植株矮小, 不分枝; 叶小, 叶、苞
叶和花萼被密的腺毛; 花冠黄色, 下唇比上唇短而不同。该种的植株矮小, 花冠黄色, 下
唇比上唇短, 极易与该组中其他种相区别。
致谢 感谢兰州大学孙继周教授为本文进行拉丁语描述, 感谢兰州沙漠植物研究所陶明
琴同志绘图。
参 考 文 献
Hong D-Y (洪德元). 1979. Euphrasia L. In: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (中国植物志). Beijing:
Science Press. 67 (2): 374–387.