全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (3): 324–328(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06087
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
———————————
Received: 25 May 2006 Accepted: 15 October 2006
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 30660153.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail:
New records of orchids from Hainan, China
1, 2SONG Xi-Qiang 1MENG Qian-Wan 1LUO Yi-Bo*
1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100093, China)
2(College of Horticulture, Southern China University of Tropical Agriculture, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China)
Abstract One genus and species, Micropera poilanei (Guill.) Garay, together with other two
species, Liparis sparsiflora Aver. and Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl., are newly recorded in
China; five species are reported as new records to Hainan Island, China, viz., Panisea
cavalerei Schltr., Panisea yunnanensis S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi, Dendrobium chrysanthum
Wallich ex Lindl., Hetaeria rubens (Lindl.) Benth. ex J. D. Hook., and Nervilia plicata
(Andrews) Schltr.
Key words Micropera Lindl., Micropera poilanei (Guill.) Garay, Liparis sparsiflora Aver.,
Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl., Orchidaceae, new record, Hainan, China.
The diverse climate and terrain of Hainan, like Taiwan, creates wonderful habitats for
survival of numerous orchids. Since 1930s, many orchidologists have been fascinated by the
rich orchids of this island and they have visited this place, concentrating on the collection,
identification and classification of orchids (Tang & Chen, 1977; Ding, 1991; Tsi et al., 1995;
Jin et al., 2004; Jin & Siu 2004; Jin, 2005; Song, 2005). A monograph of orchids of Hainan
was published in 1977 (Tang & Chen, 1977), and it is the first local orchid monograph in
mainland of China. In 1995, Tsi and his colleagues made a general revision on the orchids of
Hainan and they reported some new species and new records. However, the collection and
classification of the orchids of Hainan is far from being finished. During the period of
fieldwork on wild orchids in Hainan from 2003 to 2005, one genus and three species were
found as new records to China and five other species were found new to Hainan. They are
here reported in detail.
1. Micropera Lindl., Bot. Reg. 18: sub t. 1522. 1832. ——Camarotis Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch.
Pl.: 219. 1833. Type: Micropera pallida (Guill.) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23 (4):
186. 1972.
小囊兰属
Climbing monopodial epiphytes. Long stems with numerous roots emerging from
intervals. Leaves narrowly oblong to linear, fleshy. Inflorescences simple, long, appearing
opposite the leaves. Flowers small, fleshy, non-resupinate; dorsal sepal vertical and lateral
sepals adnate to labellum; labellum fleshy, saccate or shortly spurred; the column usually
without a foot; four pollinia nearly equal, semiglobular in appearance.
The genus comprises 14–15 species distributed from India (Sikkim) and Indochina east
to Australia and the Solomon Islands (Seidenfaden, 1992). Micropera poilanei (Guill.) Garay
was found in Hainan, China, and accordingly the genus Micropera was first reported
occurring in China.
Micropera poilanei (Guill.) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23 (4): 186. 1972;
Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 114: 382, fig. 256. 1992. ——Sarcanthus poilanei Guil., Bull. Soc.
Bot. Fr. 77: 330. 1930. ——Camarotis poilanei (Guill.) Seidenf. & Smitin., Orch. Thail. 4
No. 3 SONG et al.: New records of orchids from Hainan, China 325
(2): 74, fig. 528. 1965. Type: Vietnam. Dong Che, Poilane 10561 (holotype, P).
红花小囊兰 新拟
Epiphytic herb. Stem terete, glabrous, one meter or more, with internodes to about 2.5
cm, bearing many roots at intervals. Leaves coriaceous, linear, obtuse at apex and nearly
sheathed at internodes by extension of base, 15–20×1.5–1.8 cm. Inflorescence raceme 20–25
flowered; rachis terete, glabrous, 24 cm long. Flowers smaller, white to greenish white,
non-resupinate; bracts tiny, round triangular, 1×1 mm; ovary combined with pedicel 6 mm
long; dorsal sepal coriaceous or subcoriaceous, spreading, linear, 7–8×1.5 mm, 3-indistinctly
veined; lateral sepals linear, spreading, 6×1.5 mm, 3-indistinctly veined, closely adnate to
four-fifth labellum; petals linear, 7–8×1.2–1.5 mm; labellum tri-lobed, lateral lobes, erect,
with purple margin, 1–1.5 mm tall; middle lobe arched; spur conic, 2 mm long; column
slender, erect, 6 mm tall; rostellum narrowly beaked, unlobed, 2 mm long; pollen held
together as two separate pairs, 4 hard pollinia nearly equal, semiglobular, with a 2 mm long
caudicle and a round-peltate visidium. Fl. Mar.; fr. Sept. – Oct.
Distribution: China (Hainan) and Vietnam. Epiphytic on trees or rocks in mixed
lowlands forest; alt. 200–500 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Changjiang (昌江), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 101 (PE); Danzhou (儋
州), Z. H. Tsi (吉占和) & L. P. Siu (萧丽萍) 99623 (PE).
In 1999, Tsi identified a plant collected from Hainan as M. poilanei, but he did not
publish the result.
2. Liparis sparsiflora Aver., Upda. Checkl. Orch. Viet.: 87–89. 2003. Type: Southern
Vietnam. Kon Tum Prov.: Pac Glei Distr. Vh 1064a ( holotype, HN; isotype, LE).
疏花羊耳蒜 新拟
Epiphytic herb 6–8.5 cm tall. Pseudobulbs densely clustered, ovoid to oblate, 6–8 mm
tall, at the base with 2 membranaceous whitish scales. Leaf solitary, developing from the apex
of pseudobulb, oblong, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, acute or subobtuse apiculate,
4.8–7×0.9–1.4 cm. Inflorescence sparse, with 6-flowered spike, 3.5 cm long; inflorescence
stalk obviously winged, 6 cm long, with or without single bract at the base; rachis slightly
curved, zigzag, narrowly winged, 3.5 cm long; floral bracts ovate to broadly triangular ovate,
acuminate, with distinctly convex green median vein. Flowers 10–12 mm across, pale
greenish or whitish green; lip with deep green median longitudinal oblong stripe; pedicel
combined with ovary 6 mm long, with narrow wing; dorsal sepal lanceolate to broadly
lanceolate, obtuse at apex, with revolute edges, strongly reflexed, with median vein green on
backside, keel obviously convex, 5–5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lateral sepals narrowly
oblong, obtuse at apex, with median vein green on backside, obviously convex keel, 5–5.5×2
mm; petals linear, obtuse at apex, 5–5.5×0.2–0.3 mm, 1-veined; labellum oblong rectangular,
4–5×0.25–0.3 mm, strongly recurved outward, nearly parallel with column at the middle,
deep green and thick along median plane, with 2 erect hemispheric deep green calluses at the
base; column curved nearly vertical ovary, 2.5–3×1–1.2 mm wide, with narrow wings at
apex; rostellum ligulate, entire. Fl. Oct.
Distribution: China (Hainan) and N. Vietnam. Epiphytic on Homalium hainanense
Gagnep. in montane ridge forests; alt. 1200 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Changjiang (昌江), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 117 (PE).
This recently published species was reported restricted to Vietnam (Averyanoy &
Averyanova, 2003). It can be easily distinguished from other species by having strongly
recurved labellum and a deep green and thick blotch along median plane of labellum.
3. Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl., Bijidr. 373, tab., fig. 22. 1825; Hook., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6:
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 326
818. 1890; Aver. in Vasc. Pl. Syn. Vietnam Fl. 1: 123. 1990; Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 114: 82,
fig. 41. 1992. ——Tainia pulchra (Bl.) Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) sér. 2, 4 (5):
706. 1932. ——Tainia latilabris (Ridl.) Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) sér. 2, 4 (5):
706. 1932.
美丽云叶兰 新拟
Plant creeping. Rhizome fleshy, 6–10 mm thick, with membranous sheaths ca. 5.0 cm
long. Pseudobulb petiole-like, fleshy, cylindrical, 2–4 cm long, 10–12 mm thick, apex with
one leaf. Leaf cordate to ovate-cordate, plaited at margin, 8.2–10×5–6.5 cm, apex acuminate,
cordate at base; upper surface slightly green, with irregular brown patches, and a distinctive
brown stripe on the middle vein; lower surface red, 3–7 veined; petiole fleshy, 2.5 cm long.
Scape arising from the end of rhizome, 2.5–6 cm tall. Inflorescence a dense raceme, 2–6
flowered. Flowers erect, white, mediate size; bracts membranous, leaf-like, red, 1.0–1.2 cm
long, 6–7 mm broad, enclosing the ovary and pedicel; ovary and pedicel together, 0.7 cm
long; dorsal sepal mauve, narrowly lanceolate to linear, 1.8 cm long, 0.3 cm broad, 3-veined;
lateral sepals mauve, slightly longer than dorsal sepal, lanceolate, 1.9 cm long, 0.3 cm broad,
3-veined; petals mauve, narrow ovate-lanceolate, 1.8 cm long, 0.3 cm broad, 3-veined;
labellum white, entire, suborbicular, 1.8 cm long, 1.2 cm broad; an orange callus stripe, 1.8
cm long, 0.55 cm broad, on the middle of the upper surface of the labellum, with dense white
lanugo at the margin of callus stripe from the base to the lower one-fourth of the tip; spur
saccate, bilobed, 0.45 cm long, 0.3 cm in diameter, with strikingly dense lanugo at the
entrance; column white, 0.7 cm tall, broad wings at two lateral sides; rostellum elliptic, deep
brown; anther cap orange, with an irregular brownish spot. Fl. May–Jun.
Distribution: China (Hainan), Sikkim, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Philippines. Terrestrial under the lower montane forests;
alt. 1000–1500 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Baisha (白沙), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 134 (PE); Changjiang (昌
江), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 121 (PE).
This species distinctly differs from N. tenuiflorum Bl. by having an erect inflorescence;
the latter is also on Hainan.
4. Dendrobium chrysanthum Wallich ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1299. 1829.
束花石斛
Stems clustered, pendulous, cylindrical, not branched, with many nodes. Umbellate
inflorescence appearing from upper part of leafy stem, nearly sessile, 2–6 flowered. Flowers
yellow, with two brownish-purple blotches on labellum. Stems are used as Chinese traditional
medicine. Fl. Oct.
Distribution: China (C Hainan, NW to SW Guangxi, S to SW Guizhou, SE Xizang and
W to SE Yunnan), Bhutan, N India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnam.
Epiphytic on rocks in low rainforests along valleys; alt. 400–500 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Changjiang (昌江), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 162 (PE).
5. Hetaeria rubens (Lindl.) Benth. ex J. D. Hook., Fl. Brit. India 6: 115. 1890.
滇南翻唇兰
Rhizome elongate, creeping. Stem ascending, glabrous, with 6–8 spaced leaves.
Inflorescence a raceme, 10–20 flowered, floral bracts lanceolate, entire. Flowers unresupinate;
labellum unlobed, base with 2 separate, oblong, 4-lobed callus. Fl. Mar.–Apr.
Distribution: China (Hainan and S to SE Yunnan), NE India, N Myanmar, Sikkim and
Thailand. Terrestrial in lowland rain forests; alt. 600–800 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Ledong (乐东), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 089 (PE).

No. 3 SONG et al.: New records of orchids from Hainan, China 327
6. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 403. 1911.
毛叶芋兰
Leaf solitary, appearing after anthesis; leaf blade pale to dark green; apex acute, cordate
at base, setulose throughout on both surfaces especially along veins. Flowers brownish-yellow
or pale red, floral bracts lanceolate, shorter than ovary. Fl. May –Jun.
Distribution: China (Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Sichuan, S
Taiwan and Yunnan), Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam and Australia. Terrestrial in shady and damp
forests along valleys; alt. 600 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Danzhou (儋州), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 102 (PE).
7. Panisea cavalerei Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 383. 1924.
平卧曲唇兰
Pseudobulbs connected each other by many separate short rhizomes, prostrate in lower
part, upper part curved upward; solitary leaf at apex. Fl. Dec. –next Apr.; fr. Oct. –Nov.
Distribution: China (SW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan and C to SE Yunnan). Epiphytic
on trees or shady rocks in montane ridge forests; alt. 1000 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Ledong (乐东), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 145 (PE).
8. Panisea yunnanensis S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 301. 1980.
云南曲唇兰
Rhizome densely covered with brown sheaths. Pseudobulbs rather dense, narrowly ovoid
to ovoid, with two leaves at apex. Labellum oblong-spathulate, without lamellae or other
appendages. Fl. Oct. –Nov.
Distribution: China (S Hainan and SE Yunnan). Epiphytic on tree in montane evergreen
forests; alt. 1600 m.
China. Hainan (海南): Wuzhishan (五指山), X. Q. Song (宋希强) 156 (PE).
References
Averyanoy L V, Averyanova A L. 2003. Updated checklist of the orchids of Vietnam. Hanoi: Vietnam
National University Publishing House. 1–101.
Ding S-Y (丁慎言). 1991. New records of Orchidaceae from Hainan. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研
究). 11 (3): 23–25.
Jin X-H. 2005. Bulbophyllum wuzhishanense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Hainan, China. Brittonia 57:
255–257.
Jin X-H, Chen S-C, Qin H-N, Zhu G-H, Siu G L-P. 2004. A new species of Didymoplexiella (Orchidaceae)
from China. Novon 14: 176–177.
Jin X-H, Siu G L-P. 2004. Trichotosia dongfangensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from China. Annales
Botanici Fennici 41: 465–466.
Seidenfaden G. 1992. The Orchids of Indochina. Opera Botanica 114: 381–382.
Song X-Q (宋希强). 2005. Studies on the Wild Dendrobium Germplasm Resources in Hainan Island with
Special Reference to Conservation Biology of D. sinense. Ph.D. Dissertation. Beijing: Beijing Forestry
University.
Tang J (唐进), Chen S-C (陈心启), 1977. Orchidaceae. In: Flora Hainanica (海南植物志). Beijing: Science
Press. 4: 185–264.
Tsi Z-H (吉占和), Chen S-C (陈心启), Ding S-Y (丁慎言). 1995. Critical and additional notes on orchids of
Hainan, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报) 33: 576–591.
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 328
海南兰科植物新资料
1, 2宋希强 1孟千万 1罗毅波*
1(系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
2(华南热带农业大学园艺学院 海南儋州 571737)

摘要 报道了中国兰科Orchidaceae植物一新记录属和3个中国新记录种及5个海南新记录种。其中小囊
兰属Micropera Lindl.、红花小囊兰Micropera poilanei (Guill.) Garay、疏花羊耳蒜Liparis sparsiflora Aver.
和美丽云叶兰Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl.为中国新记录; 平卧曲唇兰Panisea cavalerei Schltr.、云南曲
唇兰Panisea yunnanensis S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi、束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wallich ex Lindl.、滇
南翻唇兰Hetaeria rubens (Lindl.) Benth. ex J. D. Hook. f.和毛叶芋兰Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.为
海南新记录种。
关键词 小囊兰属; 红花小囊兰; 疏花羊耳蒜; 美丽云叶兰; 兰科; 新记录; 海南; 中国