全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (3): 346–352(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06088
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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Received: 29 May 2006 Accepted: 27 March 2007
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 30470141.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: wangqx@shnu.edu.cn; Tel.: 86-21-64322931; Fax: 86-21-64322931.
Newly recorded species of Pinnularia
(Bacillariophyta) in China
LIU Yan WANG Quan-Xi* CAO Jian-Guo
(College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China)
Abstract Five species and three varieties of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) are first reported in
China. They are Pinnularia borealis var. subislandica Krammer, P. divergentissima var.
subrostrata Cleve-Euler, P. episcopalis Cleve, P. erratica Krammer, P. esoxiformis Fusey, P.
spitsbergensis Cleve, P. undula (Schumann) Krammer, and P. undula var. mesoleptiformis
Krammer. All were collected from Da’erbin Lake and marshes around it in the Da Hinggan
Ling Mountains, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. These species were observed with
LM and SEM and their taxonomic characters and habitats are discussed.
Key words Pinnularia, new records, China.
Marshes are the areas with high algal diversity. The Da Hinggan Ling Mountains,
located in northeast of China, have the large areas of wetlands. Diatoms were collected and
investigated from wetlands near Axshan in the southwestern region of the Da Hinggan Ling
Mountains in August 2004 and August and October 2005. Based on our identification of
diatoms collected, five species and three varieties of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) are first
reported from China here.
1 Material and methods
The samples were collected from Axshan (Da Hinggan Ling Mountains), northeastern
Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. The sample sites are Da’erbin Lake and swamps
around it. Detailed information concerning the samples and precise collection localities is given
in Table 1.
Formalin (4%) was added immediately to fix the samples in the field. All samples were
treated with concentrated oxidative acids (Guo, 1999; Zhu & Chen, 2000; Chen, 2006). For
light microscopy, samples were mounted in “Kanadabalsam duktil optisch rein” on coverslips
and examined by Nikon E800 (LM 1000) and were photographed using a Nikon DXM1200
digital camera (You, 2005; Liu, 2006). For SEM observation cleaned samples were mounted
on stubs sputter-coated with gold and observed under JEOL JSM-6380LV scanning electron
microscope (SEM). Identifications are based on publications by Cleve-Euler (1955), Hustedt
(1930), Krammer (1992, 2000), and Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1997).
2 Description of species
1. Pinnularia borealis var. subislandica Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1:
25, fig. 8: 1–5. 2000.
北方羽纹藻近岛变种 Figs. 1–4
Valves linear and linear-elliptical, margins parallel to moderately convex, ends truncate;
length 26–50 μm, breadth 8–11.5 µm, 4–5 striae/10 µm. In the SEM, there are 11–13 rows of
puncta in each stria.
No. 3 LIU et al.: Newly recorded species of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) in China 347
Table 1 List of sample numbers, collect date and habitat characteristic
No. of sample Date Habitat Altitude (m) pH Collector
043132 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1295 4.7 Q. X. Wang et al.
043134 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 5.4 Q. X. Wang et al.
043135 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 4.7 Q. X. Wang et al.
043136 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 5.6 Q. X. Wang et al.
043137 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 5.6 Q. X. Wang et al.
043138 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 6.4 Q. X. Wang et al.
043139 Aug. 2004 Swamp around the lake 1310 6.5 Q. X. Wang et al.
053127 Aug. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1305 7.7 Q. X. Wang et al.
053130 Aug. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1305 7.3 Q. X. Wang et al.
053133 Aug. 2005 Planktonic in the lake 1298 8.9 Q. X. Wang et al.
053135 Aug. 2005 Planktonic in the lake 1298 8.9 Q. X. Wang et al.
053136 Aug. 2005 Planktonic in the lake 1298 8.9 Q. X. Wang et al.
053137 Aug. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1298 8.9 Q. X. Wang et al.
053139 Aug. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1298 8.6 Q. X. Wang et al.
053150 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.3 Q. X. Wang et al.
053151 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.8 Q. X. Wang et al.
053152 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.7 Q. X. Wang et al.
053153 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.3 Q. X. Wang et al.
053154 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.8 Q. X. Wang et al.
053155 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 4.3 Q. X. Wang et al.
053156 Aug. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1298 5.0 Q. X. Wang et al.
053319 Oct. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1288 8.0 J. G. Cao et al.
053321 Oct. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1288 8.0 J. G. Cao et al.
053322 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
053323 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
053327 Oct. 2005 Benthic on plants in the lakeside 1288 7.8 J. G. Cao et al.
053329 Oct. 2005 Planktonic in the lake 1288 7.7 J. G. Cao et al.
053332 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
053333 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
053334 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
053335 Oct. 2005 Swamp around the lake 1288 4.5 J. G. Cao et al.
Sample numbers: 043134, 043135, 043138, 043139, 053135, 053153, 053155, 053332,
053334.
Previously known distribution: Europe, Subarctic region.
Compared with P. borealis Ehrenb., the present variety tends to have larger frustules,
more truncate ends and fewer striae per 10 µm. But this variety is smaller than P. borealis var.
islandica Krammer. Our specimens are smaller than the described form.
2. Pinnularia divergentissima var. subrostrata Cleve-Euler, 10, fig. 1: 5. 1898; Krammer in
Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 44, figs. 11: 11–17, 60: 6. 2000.
极歧纹羽纹藻近喙头变种 Figs. 5–7
Valves linear to linear-lanceolate, sides weakly convex, ends broadly capitate; length
27–33 µm, breadth 5.4–6.7 µm. Raphe branches commonly straight, axial area narrow. Striae
extremely divergent with a sudden change in direction halfway to the ends, strongly radiate
towards the valve centre, strongly convergent towards the ends, with an acute angle being
formed between the two striae groups where they meet, 12–15 striae/10 µm.
Sample numbers: 043132, 043134, 043135, 043136, 043137, 053150, 053151, 053153,
053322, 053333, 053334, 053335.
Previously known distribution: North Europe, Subarctic region.
Krammer (1992) described the variety martinii, which is now treated as a synonym of
var. subrostrata (Krammer, 2000). Diagnostic characters are the strongly divergent striae and
the broadly capitate ends which are the only differences with the nominate variety.
3. Pinnularia episcopalis P. T. Cleve in The Diatoms of Finland, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 348
Fennica 8: 27, fig. 14. 1891; Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 66, figs. 41:
6, 42: 1–6, 43: 1, 2. 2000.
巨大羽纹藻 Figs. 20, 21
Valves outline linear with parallel sides, ends not differentiated and broadly rounded or
broadly keel-like rounded; length 100–190 µm, breadth 25–40 µm. Axial area linear, usually
1/3 of the valve breadth, sometimes the central area with irregular arranged structures. Striae
5–7/10 µm, radiate in the middle, moderately convergent at the ends.
Sample numbers: 043132, 043134, 043136, 043137, 053322.
Previously known distribution: Europe, North America.
This species is often cosmopolitan, rare, epipelic in oligotrophic mountain water with
low electrolyte content, pH lower than 6, frequent in fossil samples. It is similar to P.
novaezealandica Krammer, which is distinguished by the cuneate ends and broad longitudinal
bands (Krammer, 2000). Our samples were collected from the swamps around the lake, with
pH 4.5–5.6. Krammer (2000) described two morphotypes of this species. Morphotype 1 has
broadly rounded valve ends; morphotype 2 has more acutely rounded valve ends. Our samples
belong to morphotype 2. They are also very similar with P. schweinfurthii (A. S.) Patrick.
(Yang, 1995), but the latter has more striae and size; its reported size range is 190–250 µm
long, 27–37.5 µm wide. The most distinct differences are that P. episcopalis has lunate
structures in the central area and is obviously larger than the specimens from China.
4. Pinnularia erratica Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 96, fig. 73: 2–8. 2000.
不定羽纹藻 Figs. 11, 12
Valves outline rhombic-lanceolate to elliptical, sides weakly convex, ends broadly
capitate swollen; length 62–90 µm, breadth 9–12 µm, length-to-breadth ratio about 5. Axial
area 1/5–1/3 the valve breadth, linear, with 9–11 striae/10 µm, strongly radiate in the middle,
strongly convergent towards the ends. There are only two large or occasionally a few
irregularly arranged markings on each side of the central nodule.
Sample numbers: 043135, 043139, 053150, 053151, 053152, 053153, 053154, 053155,
053156, 053322, 053329, 053332, 053334.
Previously known distribution: North Europe.
5. Pinnularia esoxiformis P. Fusey in Bull. Micr. Appliquée, 2e ser., 1/2: 31–50, fig. 2: 41.
1951; Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 157, figs. 141: 1–6, 146: 1–6. 2000.
狗鱼形羽纹藻 Figs. 8–10
Valve outline linear, sides parallel, ends cuneiformly rounded; length 67–91 µm, breath
11–13 µm, length-to-breadth ratio 4.8–7.6. Raphe proximately laterally bent, central pores
large, drop shaped, axial area broad 1/3 to more than 1/2 the breadth of the valve, linear, 7–10
striae/10 µm, slightly radiate in the middle, parallel to convergent towards the ends.
Sample numbers: 043132, 043134, 043135, 043136, 053130, 053136, 053137, 053139,
053150, 053151, 053153, 053155, 053322, 053323, 053332, 053333, 053334, 053335.
Previously known distribution: Europe.
This species is distinguished by outline, raphe structure, and arrangement of the striae.
________________________________________________________________________________________
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Figs. 1–4. Pinnularia borealis var. subislandica Krammer. 1. External valve (LM). 2. External valve (SEM). 3. Internal
valve (SEM), view of punctum. 4. External valve (SEM), view of punctum. Figs. 5–7. Pinnularia divergentissima var.
subrostrata Cleve-Euler. 5. External valve (LM). 6. External valve (SEM). 7. Internal valve (SEM). Figs. 8–10.
Pinnularia esoxiformis Fusey. 8. External valve (LM ). 9. External valve (SEM). 10. External valve, view of central area
(SEM). Figs. 11, 12. Pinnularia erratica Krammer. 11. External valve (LM). 12. Internal valve (SEM). Figs.
13–15. Pinnularia spitsbergensis Cleve. 13. External valve (LM). 14. External valve, view of central area (SEM). 15.
External valve, view of terminal raphe endings (SEM). Figs. 16, 17. Pinnularia undula (Schumann) Krammer. 16.
External valve (LM). 17. External valve (SEM).
Scale bar: 1, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 10 μm; 2, 6, 7, 15, 5 μm; 3, 4, 14, 1 μm; 10, 12, 2 μm.
No. 3 LIU et al.: Newly recorded species of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) in China 349
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 350
P. notabilis Krammer has more striae/10 µm, and its outline is elliptic-lanceolate (Krammer,
2000). P. peracuminata Krammer is similar to the present species, but is much smaller, has a
much narrower axial area, and its central raphe pores are less drop shaped. The central pores
of P. esoxiformis are larger and clearly visible under the SEM (Pl. I: 10).
6. Pinnularia spitsbergensis P. T. Cleve in K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. 27: 82, fig. 1: 13.
1985; Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 144, figs. 121a: 10, 122: 1–5. 2000.
斯匹次羽纹藻 Figs. 13–15
Outline linear, sides parallel, ends broadly to cuneately rounded; length 75–96 µm,
breadth 9.5–11µm, length-to-breadth ratio 6.3–9.5. Axial area is 1/3 the breadth of the valve,
linear, tapering at the ends. On either side of the central nodule in the central area are
crescent-shaped markings, sometimes invisible or absent, under the SEM, they are two rows
of irregular concave structures, 14–15 striae/10 µm, parallel in the middle.
Sample numbers: 043132, 043133, 043134, 043136, 043137, 043139, 053127, 053136,
053139, 053150, 053151, 053153, 053155, 053156, 053321, 053322, 053323, 053332,
053333, 053334, 053335.
Previously known distribution: Europe.
This species is distinguished from P. crucifera Cleve-Euler by the combination of
breadth, central area, terminal fissures, and the number of striae/10 µm. There is considerable
variation in morphological detail of the central area (Krammer, 2000). P. stomatophora
(Grun.) Krammer is also similar to P. spitsbergensis. Under the SEM, both have the irregular
concave structures in the central area, but the former has an elongate-elliptic to rhombic
central area and striae moderately radiate in the middle, strongly convergent at the ends,
11–14/10 µm. In our specimens striae are parallel throughout the entire length of the valves.
7. Pinnularia undula (Schumann) Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe 1: 122,
fig. 92: 3–12, 93: 1–4. 2000.
Navicula undula Schumann 1862, Schriften königl. physikalisch-ökonom. Gesellschaft
Königsberg 3: 188, fig. 9: 37 (Fig. 92: 3).
波曲羽纹藻 Figs. 16–19
Valves linear, sides parallel to more or less triundulate; length 64–77 µm, breadth 15–17
µm. Raphe lateral, outer fissure weakly curved, axial area 1/5–1/3 the valve breadth, linear or
slightly widening from the poles towards the middle, central area large, round, often
commonly reaching the valve margin and distinct from the axial area, often irregularly
ornamented with flecks, 8–10 striae/10 µm, moderately to strongly radiate in the middle,
strongly convergent at the ends. Under the SEM, 4–5 rows of puncta are visible in each stria
(Pl. II: 1–2).
Sample numbers: 053319, 053327.
Previously known distribution: Europe, North America.
This species is very similar to P. subdivergens Krammer, but the latter has narrower
valves and the sides of valve are weakly convex or indistinctly undulate. It also trends to have
more striae in 10 µm, a wider axial area, and weakly defined crescent-shaped markings in the
central area.
8. Pinnularia undula var. mesoleptiformis Krammer in Lange-Bertalot, Diatoms of Europe
________________________________________________________________________________________
→
Figs. 18, 19. Pinnularia undula (Schumann) Krammer. 18. External valve, view of central nodule (SEM). 19. External
valve, view of polar nodule (SEM). Figs. 20, 21. Pinnularia episcopalis Cleve, External valve (LM). Figs. 22–24.
Pinnularia undula var. mesoleptiformis Krammer. 22. External valve (LM). 23. External valve (SEM). 24. External
valve, view of central area (SEM).
Scale bar: 18, 19, 2 μm; 20–22, 10 μm; 23, 20 μm; 24, 5 μm.
No. 3 LIU et al.: Newly recorded species of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) in China 351
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 352
1: 123, fig. 93: 1. 2000.
波曲羽纹藻中狭变种 Figs. 22–24
Valve sides strongly undulate, the inflations are equal in breadth or the central inflation is
slightly broader than the other two; length 104–106 µm, breadth 18–19.5 µm, 9–10 striae/10 µm.
Sample numbers: 053133.
Previously known distribution: Europe, North America.
This species is a new variety described by Krammer (2000). It is larger than the
nominate variety, strongly triundulate sides and less striae in 10 µm. Under the SEM, the
central pores are slightly expanded. The central area is large and has two rows of irregular
concave structures. P. undula var. major (A. Schmidt) Krammer is also similar to this variety,
but its breadth is 20–22 µm and its valves are triundulate. The central inflation is also
narrower than the other two. Our samples are a little broader than the described form.
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中国羽纹藻属(硅藻门)的新记录植物
刘 妍 王全喜* 曹建国
(上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院 上海 200234)
摘要 报道了采自大兴安岭达尔滨湖及其周围沼泽水体的硅藻门Bacillariophyta羽纹藻属Pinnularia中
国新记录植物5种3变种, 分别为北方羽纹藻近岛变种P. borealis var. subislandica Krammer、 极歧纹羽纹
藻近喙头变种P. divergentissima var. subrostrata Cleve-Euler、巨大羽纹藻P. episcopalis Cleve、不定羽纹
藻P. erratica Krammer、狗鱼形羽纹藻P. esoxiformis Fusey、斯匹次羽纹藻P. spitsbergensis Cleve、波曲
羽纹藻P. undula (Schumann) Krammer和波曲羽纹藻中狭变种P. undula var. mesoleptiformis Krammer。对
这些种类在光镜和扫描电镜下的分类学特征进行了详细的描述，并记录了这些种的生境特点。
关键词 羽纹藻属; 新记录; 中国