全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 43(3): 284–287(2005) doi:10.1360/aps040082
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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2004-07-06收稿, 2004-12-10收修改稿。
芍药属牡丹组分类补注
洪德元 潘开玉
(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室 北京 100093)
Additional taxonomic notes on Paeonia
sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae)
HONG De-Yuan PAN Kai-Yu
(Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China)
Abstract This paper deals with six combinations proposed in 2001 in Paeonia sect.
Moutan. Paeonia linyanshanii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) B. A. Shen and P. linyanshanii ssp.
taibaishanica (D. Y. Hong) B. A. Shen are recognized as illegitimate names, P. ostii T. Hong
& J. X. Zhang ssp. lishizhenenii (lishizhenii) (B. A. Shen) B. A. Shen is reduced to synonymy
of P. ostii, P. delavayi Franch. ssp. angustiloba (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) B. A. Shen and P.
delavayi ssp. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) B. A. Shen are reduced to synonymy of P. delavayi,
and P. delavayi ssp. ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) B. A. Shen is reduced to synonymy of P.
ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) D. Y. Hong.
Key words Paeonia, section Moutan, new synonymy.
摘要 把沈保安2001年发表的6个新组合和新等级处理为异名,这些异名是Paeonia linyanshanii (S. G.
Haw & L. A. Lauener) B. A. Shen (不合法名),P. linyanshanii ssp. taibaishanica (D. Y. Hong) B. A. Shen (不
合法名),P. ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang ssp. lishizhenenii (lishizhenii) (B. A. Shen) B. A. Shen (=P. ostii), P.
delavayi Franch. ssp. angustiloba (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) B. A. Shen 和ssp. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) B.
A. Shen (=P. delavayi)以及P. delavayi ssp. ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) B. A. Shen (=P. ludlowii (Stern &
Taylor) D. Y. Hong)。
关键词 芍药属; 牡丹组; 异名

我们在最近发表的关于Paeonia suffruticosa的分类界定(circumscription)一文中(洪德
元等, 2004)指出,沈保安(2001)把P. suffruticosa Andrews看做“牡丹组sect. Moutan数种植物
的复合体(杂交复合而成)”的观点是不妥的,也指出他的组合P. yinpingmudan (D. Y. Hong,
K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie) B. A. Shen ssp. henanensis (D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie) B. A.
Shen不符合国际植物命名法规, 因而为不合法名。沈保安(2001)在该文中还提出了6个牡
丹属植物的改级新组合。本文对这6个新名称予以讨论和处理。
1. 紫斑牡丹
Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li ex D. Y. Hong in Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 37: 539. 1998; S. G. Haw in The New Plantsman 8 (3): 164. 2001.——P.
suffruticosa ssp. rockii S. G. Haw & Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47: 279. 1990. Type: China.
Gansu (Kansu, 甘肃): Probably near Wudu (Wutu, 武都), Farrer no 8 (holotype, E; photo,
PE!).
3期 洪德元等: 芍药属牡丹组分类补注 285
P. rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 12: 227.
1992, comb. invalid.
P. rockii ssp. linyanshanii T. Hong & G. L. Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 14: 237. 1994.
Type: China. Gansu (甘肃): Zhugqu (舟曲), Taozhou Forest Farm (洮州林场), alt. 2800 m, in
Pinus armandi forest, 1959-05-22, S. Jiang 00423 (neotype, here designated, PE).
P. linyanshanii (S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener) B. A. Shen in Lishizhen Medic. Mater. Med.
Res. 12: 331. 2001, nom. illeg.
When T. Hong and G. L. Ost published P. rockii ssp. linyanshanii, they designated
holotype in CAF, but it has been searched there twice without result, and then T. Hong told the
keeper of CAF that no type material was preserved. Thus we designated a neotype.
2. 太白山紫斑牡丹
Paeonia rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong & K. Y. Pan in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 175.
2005.——P. moutan Sims ssp. atava Brühl in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5: 114. t. 126. 1896.
——P. suffruticosa Andrews ssp. atava (Brühl) S. G. Haw & Lauener in Edinb. J. Bot. 47:
280. 1990. Type: China. Xizang (西藏): Chumbi (春丕谷), Tuk Chang, 1884-06, King’s
Collector 549 (holotype, K!).
P. rockii ssp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 542. 1998. Type: China.
Shaanxi (陕西): Mt. Taibaishan (太白山), alt. 1750 m, 1985-05-24. D. Y. Hong & X. Y. Zhu
(洪德元,朱相云) PB85061 (holotype, PE!).
P. linyanshanii (S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener) B. A. Shen ssp. taibaishanica (D. Y. Hong)
B. A. Shen in Lishizhen Medic. Mater. Med. Res. 12: 331. 2001, nom. illeg.
从国际植物命名法规看,沈保安的以上两个组合是完全错误的。第一, linyanshanii这
一基名与S. G. Haw和L. A. Lauener这两位著者毫无关系, linyanshanii这一基名的著者其
实是T. Hong & G. L. Osti。因此,这一组合是不合法的(illegitimate)。有效的组合必须引证
基名及其出处。P. rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li (1992)这一组合之所以属
无效发表,就因为它们发表时未指出基名ssp. rockii S. G. Haw & Lauener出现的确切页码。
使这一组合有效发表的是D. Y. Hong (1998)。第二, 沈保安把linyanshanii T. Hong & G. L.
Osti从亚种提升到种级,并代替种名Paeonia rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li
ex D. Y. Hong,这不符合国际植物命名法规的优先律。P. rockii ssp. linyanshanii T. Hong &
G. L. Osti的模式采自甘肃文县,P. rockii的模式采自甘肃武都,两地相距直线不足100 km,沈
保安也承认,两者属同一植物。按国际植物命名法规,同一植物只能有一个正确名称。按优
先律,紫斑牡丹在种级水平上已有了P. rockii (S. G. Haw & Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li ex D.
Y. Hong (1998)这一合法学名,就不能再有另一个新名称。
3. 凤丹
Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang
P. ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang ssp. lishizhenenii (B. A. Shen) B. A. Shen in Lishizhen
Medic. Mater. Med. Res. 12: 330. 2001, syn. nov., “lishizhenii”——P. ostii var. lishizhenii B.
A. Shen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 360. 1997. Type: China. Anhui (安徽): Nanling (南陵),
植 物 分 类 学 报 43卷 286
Yashan (丫山), alt. 200-250 m, roadsides, 1984-04-18, B. A. Shen PB1018 (holotype, Wuhu
Municipal Drug Bureau of Anhui Province; isotype, PE!)
我们观察过Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii B. A. Shen的同号模式,认为小叶的差异仍在P.
ostii的变异范围之内,因而把它处理为异名。现在沈保安把它提升为亚种。我们认为,这只
是又多了一个异名而已。
4. 滇牡丹
Paeonia delavayi Franch.
Paeonia delavayi Franch. ssp. angustiloba (Rehder & Wilson) B. A. Shen in Lishizhen
Medic. Mater. Med. Res. 12: 332. 2001, syn. nov.——P. delavayi Franch. var. angustiloba
Rehder & Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 318. 1913. Type: China. W. Sichuan (四川西部):
Yajiang (雅江), alt. 3000-3600 m, 1908-10, E. H. Wilson 1333 (holotype, A!).
Paeonia delavayi ssp. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) B. A. Shen in Lishizhen Medic. Mater.
Med. Res. 12: 332. 2001, syn. nov.——P. delavayi var. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) Finet &
Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 524. 1904.——P. lutea Delavay ex Franch. in Bull. Soc.
Bot. France 33: 382. 1886.
我们(Hong et al., 1998a)已经用图表、彩色图版充分显示了滇牡丹Paeonia delavayi是
一个多变的类群,其叶裂片数目和宽度、花萼形状和数目,特别是花瓣的颜色等性状极其多
变,居群内的多态现象十分突出。在一个居群内,花瓣颜色可见到数十种,从白色、浅黄直到
深紫。因此,我们把P. lutea、P. trollioides Stapf ex Stern、P. potanini Kom.、P. delavayi var.
angustiloba、P. delavayi var. atropurpurea Schipcz.和P. delavayi var. alba Bean都归入P.
delavayi,把P. delavayi作为一个多变的种处理。这一处理已得到多数学者承认 ,例如
Haw(2001)评论说:“许多园艺学家,也许还有一些植物学家对于以前被承认的几个种和变
种都作了异名处理,归在P. delavayi底下,而且种下不分类群,可能难于接受。但是D. Y.
Hong, Pan & Yu (1998)进行了认真的研究,为这一处理作出了合理的解释。他们显示了过
去用来划分类群的性状如花颜色、总苞的存在与否、以及叶裂片的宽度等极其可变,而且与
其他性状及地理分布不相关或几乎不相关。因而依我之见,这些性状不能认为在分类上有
价值,只能承认一个多变的种。”
5. 大花黄牡丹
Paeonia ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) D. Y. Hong in Novon 7: 157, figs. 1, 2. 1997.——P.
lutea var. ludlowii Stern & Taylor in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 76: 217. 1951.——P. ludlowii (Stern &
Taylor) J. J. Li & D. Z. Cheng in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 18: 154. 1998, later homonym.
Paeonia delavayi ssp. ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) B. A. Shen in Lishizhen Medic. Mater.
Med. Res. 12: 332. 2001, syn. nov.
沈保安(2001)在作出这一新等级之后说该亚种“产于云南、四川西南部及西藏东南
部”。从这一叙述看,沈保安并未理解这一类群的形态和生物学特性。Paeonia ludlowii
(Stern & Taylor) D. Y. Hong的分布仅限于西藏东南部局部地区:米林、隆子和林芝。它在形
态上与P. delavayi差别明显,且仅靠种子繁殖,也和P. delavayi不同。四川、云南及西藏的其
他地区至今均未发现它的存在。这些均在我们的文章(Hong, 1997a)中作了详细阐述。沈
3期 洪德元等: 芍药属牡丹组分类补注 287
保安未引用这篇文章,不知何故。
Paeonia ludlowii已得到大多数学者认同。Li et al.(1998)也把ludlowii作了种的等级处
理,只不过他们的组合成了晚出同名。Haw (2001)提到:“D. Y. Hong (1997)把P. ludlowii提
升到种等级是令人信服的。邹喻苹等(1999)的RAPD分析也支持这一结论。”
我们在进行大量野外和标本观察、统计分析和文献考证的基础上对牡丹组发表了一
系列修订的文章,并于1999年发表了牡丹组8个种的分类系统(裴颜龙,洪德元, 1995; Hong
et al., 1996; Hong, 1997a, b; 洪德元, 1998; Hong et al., 1998a; 洪德元等, 1998b; Hong &
Pan, 1999a; 洪德元, 潘开玉, 1999b)。邹喻苹等(1999)利用RAPD建立的分子树显示了7个
独立的种(缺P. suffruticosa的材料),Zhou et al.(2003)根据形态性状进行的分支分析,显示牡
丹组8个种的界线相当分明,易于辨认。赵宣等(2004)用GPAT基因做的分子树也支持牡丹
组8个种的划分。牡丹组内的进化关系尚需进一步研究,我们正在进行。
参 考 文 献
Haw S G. 2001. Tree Peonies, a review of their history and taxonomy. The New Plantsman 8 (3): 156-171.
Hong D Y. 1997a. Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) in Xizang (Tibet). Novon 7: 156-161.
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