全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 43(1): 68–70(2005)
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
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2002-12-16收稿, 2003-10-14收修改稿。
新疆翠雀属(毛茛科)一新种——文采新翠雀花
杨昌友
(新疆农业大学林学院 乌鲁木齐 830052)
Delphinium neowentsaii, a new species of the
Ranunculaceae from Xinjiang, China
YANG Chang-You
(College of Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China)
Abstract A new species of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from Tianshan, Xinjiang,
China, D. neowentsaii C. Y. Yang, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to D.
laxiflorum DC. in having leaves reniform, petioles not dilated at base, flowers small,
inflorescence laxly racemose, pedicels adpressed pubescent, spur of the upper sepal
conic-subulate, 13-15 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, outside pubescent, sepals blue, but differs
by having both petals and staminodes yellowish.
Key words Delphinium, Delphinium neowentsaii C. Y. Yang, Ranunculaceae, new species,
Xinjiang, China.
摘要 报道了产于中国新疆天山的翠雀属(毛茛科)一新种——文采新翠雀花Delphinium neowentsaii C.
Y. Yang。该种的叶为肾形,叶柄基部不扩展,花较小,组成稀疏总状花序,花梗被贴伏短柔毛,上萼片的距圆
锥状钻形,长13-15 mm,基部宽约3 mm,外面疏被短柔毛,萼片蓝色,与西伯利亚的疏花翠雀花D. laxiflorum
DC.很相似,但其花瓣和退化雄蕊均为淡黄色而易于区别。
关键词 翠雀属; 文采新翠雀花; 毛茛科; 新种; 新疆; 中国

2003年春天,乌鲁木齐市新疆兵团第二中学高中班学生杨宗宗(现为北京师范大学生
物系学生)送给我3份翠雀属Delphinium L.标本。其中1份正在开花,从乌鲁木齐县水西沟乡
采集,海拔2750 m,生长在雪岭云杉Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & Mey.林缘。那里是中国天山
北坡博格达山脉东北角山地,群峰林立,山高路险,人难到达,该植物生长在亚高山林缘陡坡
上,植株少,长势低,开花晚(8月中下旬),其花瓣和退化雄蕊均为淡黄色,经反复查对国内外
资料,确定该植物为新种。
文采新翠雀花 新种 图 1
Delphinium neowentsaii C. Y. Yang, sp. nov. Fig. 1
Species D. laxifloro DC. maxime similis, sed petalis et limbis staminodiorum flavidis
(haud caeruleis) facile differt.
Herba perennis. Caules circ. 30 cm alti, simplices, inferne dense albido-strigosi, supra
medium pubescentes vel glabri, aequaliter foliati. Folia basalia et caulina inferiora longe
petiolata; laminae papyraceae, ambitu reniformes, 2.5-4.5 cm longae, 5-8 cm latae, 3-partitae,
basi late cordatae, supra adpresse puberulae, subuts ad nervos sparse strigulosae, segmento
1期 杨昌友: 新疆翠雀属(毛茛科)一新种——文采新翠雀花 69


图1 文采新翠雀 A. 植株下部; B. 植株上部; C. 下萼片; D. 侧萼片; E. 上萼片示花瓣; F. 退化雄蕊; G. 3心皮。
(谭黎霞根据杨宗宗0431号标本绘)
Fig. 1. Delphinium neowentsaii C. Y. Yang. A, the lower part of plant; B, the upper part of plant; C, interior sepal; D,
lateral sepal; E, superior sepal; F, three carpels. Drawn by L. X. Tan from the type gathering, Z. Z. Yang 0431 (XJA-IAC).

mediano ambitu rhomboideo 3-partito, lobis secondariis 2-3-fidis vel indivisis, segmentis
lateralibus oblique flabellatis inaequaliter 2-partitis; folia caulina superiora eis inferioribus
similia, sed breviter petiolata. Racemi terminales 4-5-flori; rhachides adpresse puberulae;
bracteae breviter petiolatae, inferiores 3-sectae, segmentis oblongo-linearibus vel anguste
oblongis, 1.5-4.5 cm longis, 2-11 mm latis, integris, superiores indivisae lanceolatae, 1-2 cm
longae, supra subglabrae, subtus adpresse puberulae; pedicelli 1-3 cm longi, superne
植 物 分 类 学 报 43卷 70
densissime inferne densiuscule adpresse puberuli, apice recurvi, 2-bracteolati; bracteolae
floribus contiguae, lineares vel anguste lanceolatae, 5-7 mm longae, 1-2 mm latae, apice
acutae, oppositae vel suboppositae; flores parvi, cernui; sepala coerulae, superius late ovatum,
calcari conico-subulato, 13-15 mm longo, basi 3 mm lato, apice obtuso, erecto vel horizontali,
lateralia ovato-elliptica, inferiora obovato-oblonga, extus sparse depresseque puberula,
margine ciliata; petala flavida, complana, linearia, glabra, 9 mm longa, 2 mm lata, apice
oblique truncata; staminodia flavida, circ. 10 mm longa, limbis ovatis, circ. 6 mm longis, 5
mm latis, ad medium 2-lobatis, margine repandis, pilosis, ventre medio luteo-barbellatis,
unguibus circ. 4 mm longis, puberulis, basi appendiculatis; stamina numerosa, circ. 5 mm
longa, glabra; carpella 3, dense depresseque puberula. Fl. Jul.-Aug.
China. Xinjiang (新疆): Ürümqi County (乌鲁木齐县), Tianshan (天山), Shuixigou (水
西沟), alt. 2750 m, forest margin, 2001-08-18, Z. Z. Yang (杨宗宗) 0431 (holotype,
XJA-IAC).
多年生草本。茎高约30 cm,不分枝,下部密被淡白灰色倒向糙伏毛,中部以上被短柔毛
或无毛,等距地生叶。基生叶和下部茎生叶具长柄;叶片纸质,肾形,长2.5-4.5 cm,宽5-8 cm,3
深裂,基部宽心形,上面被贴伏毛,背面沿脉有糙伏毛,中央裂片菱形,3深裂,次回侧片2-3裂,
少不裂;侧裂片斜扇形,不等二深裂;上部茎生叶与下部茎生叶相似,但具短柄。总状花序顶
生,4-5朵花;花序轴被贴生短绒毛;苞片有短柄,下部苞片3全裂,裂片长圆状条形或狭长圆
形。长1.5-4.5 cm,宽2-11 mm,全缘,上部苞片不裂,披针形,长1-2 cm,上面近无毛,背面被贴
生短绒毛;花梗长1-3 cm,上部密被、下部疏被贴生短绒毛,顶端稍俯垂,有小苞片;小苞片邻
近花,条形或狭披针形,长5-7 mm,宽1-2 mm,先端急尖,对生或近对生;花小;萼片蓝色,上萼
片阔卵形,萼距圆锥状钻形,长13-15 mm,基部粗3 mm,末端钝、直立或水平;侧萼片卵状椭
圆形,下萼片倒卵状长圆形,外被稀疏贴生短柔毛,边缘有睫毛;花瓣淡黄色,扁平,条形,无
毛,长9 mm,宽2 mm,先端斜截形;退化雄蕊淡黄色,长约10 mm,瓣片卵形,长约6 mm,宽约5
mm,2浅裂,边缘浅波状,被长柔毛,腹面中央有黄色髯毛,爪瓣长约4 mm,被短柔毛,基部有
附属物;雄蕊多数,长约5 mm,无毛;心皮3,密被贴伏短柔毛。花期7-8月。
本种的叶为肾形,叶柄基部不扩展,花较小,组成稀疏总状花序,花梗被贴伏短柔毛,上
萼片的距圆锥状钻形,长13-15 mm,基部宽约3 mm,外面疏被短柔毛,萼片蓝色,因此近似西
伯利亚的疏花翠雀花D. laxiflorum DC.,但花瓣和退化雄蕊均为淡黄色(非天蓝色),易于区
别。根据其花萼、花瓣和退化雄蕊的特征,该种可能属兰花翠雀组sect. Kolobopetala Huth
的成员。
该种目前仅在模式产地采到,极为稀见。新种以王文采教授命名,以表示对他的敬意。
致谢 感谢北京师范大学生物系学生(原新疆兵团二中学生)杨宗宗同学赠送模式标本。