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Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, a new species of Ranunculaceae from Chongqing, China

中国重庆毛茛科银莲花属一新种——涪陵银莲花


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全 文 :植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (3): 289–292(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06128
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
———————————
2006-08-17 收稿, 2007-01-05 收修改稿。
中国重庆毛茛科银莲花属一新种——涪陵银莲花
1王文采 2刘正宇 1谢 磊
1(系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
2(重庆药物种植研究所 重庆南川 408435)
Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, a new
species of Ranunculaceae from Chongqing, China
1WANG Wen-Tsai 2LIU Zheng-Yu 1XIE Lei
1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100093, China)
2(Institute of Chongqing Medical Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan, Chongqing 408435, China)
Abstract Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, a new species of the Ranunculaceae
discovered from Fuling, Chongqing, China, is described and illustracted. In having sessile
involucre bracts, 4−5-sepalled flowers, filiform filaments, and pantocolpate pollen it should
be a member of Anemone sect. Stolonifera (Ulbr.) Juz., and from all other species of that
section differs in its peculiar moniliform rhizome consisting of 2−10 tubers. In view of the
fact that in Anemone the tubers are present in certain different evolutionary lines, and their
appearance is a secondary phenomenon, this new species should be considered advanced in
sect. Stolonifera.
Key words Anemone, Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, Ranunculaceae, new
species, Chongqing, China.
摘要 描述了中国重庆市涪陵区的毛茛科Ranunculaceae银莲花属Anemone一新种——涪陵银莲花A.
fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, 并绘出墨线图。根据此新种的总苞苞片无柄, 花具4−5枚萼片, 花丝
丝形, 花粉具散沟等特征, 可以确定此种应是属于银莲花属鹅掌草组Anemone sect. Stolonifera的一个成
员; 在该组中, 此种以其独特的由2−10个块茎组成的念珠状根状茎而与该组的其他种相区别。鉴于在银
莲花属中块茎出现于不同的演化路线中, 以及这些块茎的出现系次生现象, 可见此新种应是鹅掌草组
的进化种。
关键词 银莲花属; 涪陵银莲花; 毛茛科; 新种; 中国西南部

本文作者刘正宇于2001年5月6日在重庆市涪陵区大木乡猫儿沟山地进行植物区系考
察的过程中, 在海拔1420 m的山坡上一片杂木林下较阴湿处发现了一种具幼果的银莲花
属Anemone L.植物, 具独特的念珠状根状茎, 其伴生植物有: 灯台树Cornus controversa
Hemsl.、漆树Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkl.、蔓胡颓子Elaeagnus glabra
Thunb.、峨眉十大功劳Mahonia polydonta Fedde、长药隔重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var.
pseudothibetica H. Li、天葵Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino、车前紫草Sinojohnstonia
plantaginea Hu、土牛膝Achyranthes aspera L.等。刘正宇于2006年4月22日再次来到上述
杂木林中, 采到了正开花的标本, 经过研究, 确定上述植物为银莲花属一新种。

植 物 分 类 学 报 45 卷 290
涪陵银莲花 图1
Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu, sp. nov. Fig. 1
Ob involucri bracteas sessiles, structuram floralem et pollina pantocolpata species nova
haec sine dubio ad sect. Stoloniferam (Ulbr.) Juz. pertinet, et a speciebus ceteris omnibus
sectionis huius rhizomate moniliformi e tuberibus 2−10 constante statim distinguitur. A
speciebus sect. Tuberosae (Ulbr.) Juz. rhizomate e tuberibus 2−10 constante, involucri bracteis
sessilibus, sepalis 4−5 anguste obovatis vel obovatis facile differt.
Herba perennis. Rhizoma horizontaliter repens, moniliforme, 2−12 cm longum, e
tuberibus 2−10 subglobosis vel breviter teretibus 1−2.2 cm longis 4−6 mm crassis radices
aliquot graciles edentibus constans. Folia basalia 1−2, longe petiolata; laminae herbaceae,
cordato-pentagonae, 3−5 cm longae, 5.5−7.6 cm latae, 3-sectae, segmento mediano rhombico
2−2.5 cm lato apice acuto basi cuneato 3-fido margine inciso-dentato, segmentis lateralibus
oblique flabellatis 2.8−4.6 cm longis 2.2−4 cm latis inaequaliter 2-partitis, lobis superioribus
oblique rhombicis 3-fidis, lobis inferioribus minoribus oblique obovatis inaequaliter 2-partitis,
lobis omnibus margine inciso-dentatis, supra sparsissime adpresseque puberulae, subtus
subglabrae, nervis basalibus subtus leviter prominentibus vel planis; petioli 11−15 cm longi,
glabri. Scapus 13−16 cm altus, glaber, 1-florus; bracteae tres, inaequales, sessiles, late
rhombicae vel rhombicae, 2.6−4 cm longae, 1.2−4.8 cm latae, inaequaliter 3-partitae vel
3-lobatae. Flos solitarius, 2−2.4 cm diam.; pedicellus gracilis, 5−8.2 cm longus, sparse
puberulus vel glaber. Sepala 4 vel 5, alba, anguste obovata vel obovata, 9.5−12 mm longa,
3.2−7 mm lata, apice obtuse vel rotundata, utrinque glabra. Stamina 25−33, 3−7 mm longa,
glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antheris oblongis vel ellipticis 0.8−1 mm longis apice obtusis,
pollenibus sexcolpatis (Fig. 2). Carpella 5−6, ovaries anguste obovoideis circ. 2 mm longis
dense adpresseque puberulis, stylis brevibus circ. 0.6 mm longis glabris, stigmatibus ad
ventrem stylorm sitis anguste ovatis circ. 0.5 mm longis. Achenia juvenilia viridia, carpellis
similia.
多年生草本。根状茎水平方向匍匐, 念珠状, 长2−12 cm, 含2−10个块茎; 块茎近球
形或短圆柱形, 长1−2.2 cm, 粗4−6 mm, 生出数条细根。基生叶1−2, 具长柄; 叶片草质,
心状五角形, 长3−5 cm, 宽5.5−7.6 cm, 三全裂, 中央全裂片菱形, 宽2−2.5 cm, 顶端急
尖, 基部楔形, 三裂, 边缘具缺刻状齿, 侧生全裂片斜扇形, 长2.8−4.6 cm, 宽2.2−4 cm,
不等二深裂, 上深裂片斜菱形, 三裂, 下深裂片较小, 斜倒卵形, 不等二深裂, 所有深裂
片边缘均具缺刻状齿, 上面被极稀疏短毛, 下面近无毛, 基出脉下面不明显隆起或平;
叶柄长11−15 cm, 无毛。花葶高13−16 cm, 无毛, 具1花; 苞片3, 不等大, 无柄, 宽菱形或
菱形, 长2.6−4 cm, 宽1.2−4.8 cm, 不等三深裂或三浅裂。花单生, 直径2−2.4 cm; 花梗细,
长5−8.2 cm, 疏被短柔毛或近无毛。萼片4或5, 白色, 狭倒卵形或倒卵形, 长9.5−12 mm,
宽3.2−7 mm, 顶端钝或圆形, 两面无毛。雄蕊25−33, 长3−7 mm, 无毛; 花丝丝形; 花药
长圆形或椭圆形, 长0.8−1 mm, 顶端钝; 散沟花粉具6条沟(图2)。心皮5−6; 子房狭倒卵球
形, 长约2 mm, 密被贴伏短柔毛; 花柱长约0.6 mm, 无毛, 腹面的柱头狭卵形, 长约0.5
mm。幼果绿色, 与心皮相似。
China. Chongqing (重庆): Fuling (涪陵): Damu Village (大木乡), Maoer Valley (猫儿
沟), alt. 1420 m, in shady moist mixed forest on slope, sepals white, 2006-04-22, Z. Y. Liu &
M. B. Ren (刘正宇, 任明波) 2060366. (holotype, PE); the same locality, young fruits green,
2001-05-06, Z. Y. Liu (刘正宇) 2050007 (paratype, PE)。
3 期 王文采等: 中国重庆毛茛科银莲花属一新种——涪陵银莲花 291

图1 涪陵银莲花 A, 体态; B, 具4萼片的花; C, 雄蕊; D, 心皮。(孙英宝根据刘正宇, 任明波2060366绘)
Fig. 1. Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu. A, habit; B, flower with 4 sepals; C, stamen; D, carpel. Drawn by
Y. B. Sun from Z. Y. Liu & M. B. Ren 2060366.

本种的总苞苞片无柄, 花具4或5枚狭倒卵形或倒卵形萼片, 雄蕊花丝丝形, 花药顶
端钝, 具散沟花粉, 心皮花柱短, 腹面具较大柱头, 这些特征符合银莲花属鹅掌草组sect.
植 物 分 类 学 报 45 卷 292
Stolonifera (Ulbr.) Juz.的特征(席以珍, 张金谈, 1964; 王文采, 1980), 说明本种应是属于
此组的一个成员。在此组中, 本种以具独特的由2−10个块茎形成的念珠状根状茎而与鹅
掌草组的其他种相区别。在其他种, 每一个体只具1个或粗或细的圆柱状根状茎, 均不具
块茎。涪陵银莲花的这种由数枚块茎形成的念珠状根状茎在银莲花属全属中也是唯一的;
该属约150种植物的决大多数均具根状茎, 具块茎的情况甚为罕见, 只块茎银莲花组sect.
Tuberosa (Ulbr.) Juz.(含3种, 分布于亚洲西南部和欧洲南部)植物具块茎, 但该组植物的
每一个体只具1个块茎; 此外, 总苞苞片具柄, 每花有8−20枚条形萼片(Tamura, 1995), 而
可与涪陵银莲花相区别。从上述可见: 在银莲花属中, 块茎这种地下变态茎器官是在该
属不同演化路线中出现的, 是次生现象, 因此, 涪陵银莲花当是鹅掌草组中的进化种, 是
由该组中不具念珠状根状茎的某一种演化而来。


















图2 涪陵银莲花的花粉粒 A. 赤道面观。B. 极面观。
Fig. 2. Pollen grains of Anemone fulingensis (SEM photomicrographs). A, Equatorial view. B, Polar view.
Scale bar=12 μm.
致谢 感谢重庆三峡珍稀植物园向秀发先生在标本采集中给予的帮助以及孙英宝先生为
本文绘图。
参 考 文 献
Tamura M. 1995. Anemone. In: Hiepko P ed. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Zwei. Aufl. Berlin: Duncker
& Humblot. 17a (4): 324−349.
Wang W-T (王文采). 1980. Anemone L. In: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (中国植物志). Beijing:
Science Press. 28: 1−56.
Xi Y-Z (席以珍), Chang K-T (张金谈). 1964. Studies on pollen morphology of Anemone L. Acta Botanica
Sinica (植物学报) 12: 19−38.