作 者 ：张帅,郭水良*,管铭,印丽萍,张若轩
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 16期 页码：4241~4256
关键词：外来入侵植物；地理分布格局；原产地；环境因素；统计分析；
Keywords:invasive alien plants, geographical distribution pattern, origin, environmental factor, statistical analysis,
摘 要 ：上海市科学技术技术标准专项（07DZ05020）；国家质检总局科技计划项目（科研专项08-03,200810787）;上海市教委创新项目（10ZZ81）;上海市教委重点学科资助项目(J50401)
Abstract:A total of 282 invasive alien plants were recorded from 74 geographical units in China, and 11 environmental variables including climatic and social factors were also recorded. Based on the above data, the geographical distribution pattern of 282 invasive alien plants in the 74 geographical units and influencing factors were analyzed using Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The main results are as follows: （1）In the 74 geographical units, Conyza canadensis, Amaranthus spinosus, Erigeron annuus, Alternathera philoxeroides, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Pharbitis purpurea, Datura stramonium, Amaranthus viridis, Pharbitis nil, Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa and Eichhornia crassipes are widely distribution in mainland of China.（2）Compositae（67 species）, Gramineae（32 species）, Leguminosae（29 species）, Amaranthaceae（23 species）, Convolvulaceae（13 species）are five main families, accounting for 58.16% of the total invasive species in China.（3）Of the invasive alien plants, 4397% originated from Tropical America, 18.44% from North America, 14.89% from Europe, 8.87% from the Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia, 4.26% from Africa and 3.55% from South Asia.（4）The geographical distribution of invasive plants in China were divided into three regions：the tropical-south subtropical region, central (north) sub-tropical region, and the temperate region．In the first region, the main invasive plants are Lantana camara, Mimosa pudica, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, Conyza canadensis, Euphorbia hirta, Ipomoea cairica, Alternathera philoxeroides, Bidens pilosa and Synedrella nodiflora；in the second region, the main invasive plants are Erigeron annuus, Conyza canadensis, Amaranthus spinosus, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lepidium virginicum, Phytolacca americana, Eleusine indica, Mirabilis jalapa, Alternathera philoxeroides and Bidens pilosa; while in the third region, Amaranthus retroflexus, Conyza canadensis, Pharbitis purpurea, Erigeron annuus, Hibiscus trionum, Chenopodium hybridum, Sonchus oleraceus, Avena fatua, Datura stramonium and Amaranthus viridis are the ten main invasive plants.（5）The main meteorological factors influencing the distribution of invasive plants in China, if ranked as from high to low, are annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, annual extreme minimum temperature, frost-free days and annual accumulated temperature, while annual extreme maximum temperature and annual sunshine hours were of little influence. Human population density and transport density also play important roles on the distribution pattern.（6）The number of invasive plants increased almost linearly with the increase of annual average temperature, frost-free days, population density, transport density, annual extreme minimum temperature, annual average precipitation and annual accumulated temperature, and decreased linearly with the increase of latitude. The correlation between the number of invasive species and the eight environmental factors reached a highly significant level, while annual extreme maximum temperature, longitude and annual sunshine hours have little influences.（7）The main environmental factors influencing the distribution of different geographical elements of invasive plants in China are latitude, annual average precipitation, frost-free days, annual average temperature, transport density, annual extreme minimum temperature, population density and annual accumulated temperature, while annual extreme maximum temperature, longitude and annual sunshine hours have weaker influences than the former eight factors. As for the social and economic factors, population density and transport density both have distinctive influences on the distribution of geographical elements of invasive alien species. The assessment of invasive risk of alien plants should be conducted in regional level, for regional differentiation exists in the distribution of invasive species in China.
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