作 者 ：郭然,王效科,逯非,段晓男,欧阳志云
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 2期 页码：862~867
Keywords:grassland ecosystem, grassland soils, carbon sequestration potential,
摘 要 ：以国内长期定位试验的数据为基础，评价了我国草地生态系统的固碳现状和潜力。分析发现，通过减少畜牧承载量等方法恢复退化草地，我国草地土壤的有机碳库可以增加4561.62 Tg C ，主要分布在内蒙古、西藏和新疆。草场围栏、种草和退耕还草3种草地管理措施的固碳潜力分别是12.01、1.46 Tg•a-1和25.59 Tg•a-1，总计39.06 Tg•a-1。2004年是我国草地管理投资较多的年份，种草、退耕还草和草场围栏的工程面积均有较大的提高，3种措施新增的固碳能力分别为5.70、0.38 Tg•a-1和309 Tg•a-1，合计9.17 Tg•a-1。
Abstract:Human activities, such as lowering grazing intensity, enclosure restoration, can improve the accumulation of carbon in grassland soils and sequester carbon. China has large area of grassland, which accounts for more than 30% of China′s total area. Carbon sequestration through grassland management has drawn a great attention. In this study, the grassland of China was divided into three types: typical grassland, desert grassland and alpine meadow. Based on long-term station experimental data, the carbon sequestration rates of enclosure, taming, degraded grassland restoring, aerial seeding and returning farm to grassland were estimated by calculating the average carbon sequestration rates or potential; when data was available, estimation was made in typical grassland, desert grassland and alpine meadow respectively. The carbon sequestration rate of enclosure in typical grassland was 0.47t•hm-2•a-1, while in desert grassland and alpine meadow; the carbon sequestration rate was 0.28 t•hm-2•a-1. The carbon sequestration rates of taming, degraded grassland restoring, aerial seeding and returning farm to grassland were 1.09, 0.9, 0.9 t•hm-2•a-1 and 05 t•hm-2•a-1 respectively. The carbon sequestration potential of degraded grassland recovery was defined as the loss of grassland degradation. The carbon loss (also the carbon sequestration potential) in unit area of typical grassland was 3158t•hm-2, while in desert and alpine grassland, the carbon sequestration potential was 34.26 t•hm-2 according to the average value in relevant long-term experiments. The results of carbon sequestration were shown as follows: (1) On the assumption that 55% of the grassland in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qingyhai, Nixia, Gansu, Shaanxi and Tibet was degraded due to over grazing, then by degraded grassland recovery, the carbon storage in grassland soils could increase by 4561.62Tg, and this increase was mainly located in Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang. (2) According to the statistics of the area of each grassland type and the grassland management, carbon sequestration potential of non-grazing restoration, taming and returning farms to grassland was 12.01, 1.46Tg•a-1 and 25.59Tg•a-1 respectively. (3) The extra carbon sequestration ability by managements was 917Tg•a-1 in 2004 when more investments were given to grassland management, the extra carbon sequestration potential of non-grazing restoration, taming and returning farms to grassland was 3.09、0.38Tg•a-1 and 5.70 Tg•a-1 respectively.
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