作 者 ：黄宝荣,李颖明*,张惠远,许开鹏,邹秀萍,王毅
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 20期 页码：5601~5615
Keywords:environmental management, regionalization, scheme,
摘 要 ：我国生态环境可持续性及其影响因素的区域差异显著，各地区环境管理面临的主要挑战和需要优先解决的生态环境问题不同。进行环境管理分区，根据各地区生态环境特征及其影响因素的差异性，制定有针对性的环境管理政策，将有效促进我国区域生态环境的整体优化。采取定性和定量分析相结合的方法进行我国环境管理分区。首先，在我国3大自然区的基础上，根据我国的自然地理格局和已有的相关区划成果，把我国划分为4个环境管理大区，包括：南部季风区、北部季风区、西北干旱区和青藏高寒区。其次，通过建立的包含13个指标的环境管理分区指标体系，采用一维化欧式距离法分析各环境管理大区下相邻省级行政区环境特征的相似性，把环境特征相似性大的相邻地区划分到同一分区，得到以省级行政区为基本单元的我国环境管理分区方案。然后，结合地区间历史渊源和区域未来发展趋势分析，对基于相似性分析的初步分区方案进行调整，把我国划分为8个以省级行政区为基本单元环境管理区。最后，根据相关调整原则和方法，对以省级行政区为基本单元的分区方案的边界线进行调整，得到以地级行政区为基本单元的分区方案，把我国划分为东北地区、华北平原区、华北山地与高原区、东南沿海地区、长江流域中游地区、西南地区、西北干旱区和青藏高寒区8个环境管理区。
Abstract:There exists obvious environmental heterogeneity in China with regard to structure, function, impact and countermeasures, due to its evolution and its interaction with human beings. Accordingly, the environmental management in different regions faces different problems and challenges that need prior solution. Environmental managers are often faced with the task of combining similar environmental units with similar environmental problems within an extensive area into larger zones that may be considered homogeneous for planning and management purposes. According to the regional heterogeneity in environmental characters, problems and its social and economic influencing factors, environmental management regionalization (EMR) aims to classify environmental units into homogeneous zones, and to provide strategies and countermeasures needed to improve environmental quality for each zone. It should play an important role in regional environmental goals setting, policy making and investment decision-making. In this paper, we combined both of qualitative and quantitative analysis to perform EMR in the entire country. Firstly, on the basis of three physical geography domains in comprehensive physical regionalization of China, we obstained four environmental management domains (EMD), which includes the south summer Monsoon domain, the north summer Monsoon domain, the arid domain of northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau domain according to physio-geographical pattern in China and some key boundaries in related regionalization and planning. The main differences in environmental characters among the four EMDs are their natural resource endowment, ecological carrying capacity and environmental vulnerability. Secondly, based on the four themes of “natural resource endowment, social and economic development levels, utilization efficiency of resources and eco-environmental effects”, we developed a regionalization indicator system that consists of thirteen indicators, which were selected from the thirty-two candidate indicators to analyze the similarity of environmental characters and its social and economic influencing factors between neighbouring provinces in each EMD. Thirdly, based on the regionalization indicator system, the method of Euclidean distance measurement was employed to conduct quantitative classification and a one-dimensional Euclidean distance similarity coefficient was used to quantify the similarity of environmental characters and its influencing factors between neighbouring provinces. Based on these analysis, the neighbouring provinces with high similarity in environmental characters and its influencing factors were merged into one environmental management region. Thus, a preliminary draft of EMR was carried out. Fourthly, the preliminary draft of EMR was adjusted according to the historical relationship and the development trend of regional integration between neighbouring provinces, and thus eight environmental management regions based on provincial units were carried out. Finally, through boundary adjustment on regionalization scheme based on provincial units, eight environmental management regions in unit of prefecture were obtained, including the northeastern China region, the north China plain region, the loess plateau region, the southeast coast region, the middle reaches region of Yangtze River, the southwestern China region, the northwestern China region and the Tibetan plateau region. Each environmental management region faces different environmental problems that need prior solutions. The further research will focus on setting prior goals, and constituting suitable environmental management policies for each environmental management region according to its main environmental problems.
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