作 者 ：刘振生,王小明*,李志刚,崔多英
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 9期 页码：4277~4285
Keywords:Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), Bedding habitat, Feeding habitat, Helan Mountains, Stepwise discriminant analysis,
摘 要 ：采用直接观察法和痕迹检验法对贺兰山岩羊夏季取食和卧息生境选择进行研究。结果表明，夏季岩羊偏好的取食地位于海拔高度1 600～2 000 m的山地疏林草原带，地形为平滑起伏的坡、明显断裂的坡和悬崖，以灰榆和山杨为优势乔木或无树，乔木矮小稀疏且距离远，接近低矮但密度较大的灌木，食物较多，位于<30°和>35°半阴半阳坡的下坡位，接近水源，人为干扰距离500～1 000 m，距裸岩2～5 m，隐蔽级25%～75％；夏季岩羊偏好的卧息地具有位于海拔高度1 600～2 000 m和>3 000 m的山地疏林草原带及亚高山灌丛和草甸带，地形为明显断裂的坡和悬崖，以灰榆和山杨为优势乔木或无树，乔木和灌木均矮小稀疏且距离较远，食物较少，位于>35°阴坡的上坡位，接近水源，人为干扰距离远，接近裸岩，隐蔽程度低。岩羊的取食和卧息生境在乔木高度和距水源距离上差异不显著（P > 0.05），而其余生态因子均有显著差异（P < 0.05）。与取食生境相比，岩羊选择的卧息生境具有乔木稀疏且距离较远、灌木较少、低矮且距离较远、食物丰富度低、坡度大、远离人为干扰、接近裸岩和隐蔽程度低的特征。逐步判别分析表明，食物丰富度、灌木高度、距水源距离、隐蔽级、灌木密度、灌木距离、乔木高度和乔木距离8个生态因子可以区分取食样方与任意样方，正确判别率为85.8%; 而区分卧息样方与任意样方时，距水源距离、灌木高度、距裸岩距离、人为干扰距离、食物丰富度、灌木密度和灌木距离共7个生态因子发挥作用，正确判别率为89.1%。
Abstract:We studied summer feeding and bedding habitat selection by blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in the Helan Mountains during the summers of 2004 and 2005. Data were collected by direct observations and examination of fresh sites used by sheep located on 25 transects across the entire study area. Blue sheep feeding habitats were characterized by montane steppe, smooth undulating slopes, distinctly broken slopes, cliffs, dominant trees (mainly Ulmus glaucescens and Populus davidiara), no dominant tree, low tree density, low tree height, far away from trees, high shrub density, low shrub height, close to shrubs, high food abundance, moderately steep slopes (<30°), steep slopes (>35°), half sunny slopes, low slopes, elevations of 1 600-2 000 m, close to water sources, distance to human disturbance of 1 600-2 000 m, distances to bare rock of 2-5 m, and hiding cover of 25%-75％. Bedding habitat used by blue sheep was associated with montane steppe, subalpine shrubland and meadow, distinctly broken slopes, cliffs, dominant trees dominated by Ulmus glaucescens and Populus davidiara, no dominant tree, low tree density, low tree height, great distance to trees, low shrub density, low shrub height, great distance to shrubs, food abundance of 50-100 g, steep and shady slopes (>35 ), upper slopes, elevations of 1 600-2 000 and above 3 000 m, close to water sources, far away from human disturbance, close to bare rock, and high hiding cover. Selection of feeding and bedding habitat by the sheep showed a significant difference in ecological factors except tree height and distance to water resource. Compared with feeding habitat, bedding habitat was lower in tree density, further from trees, lower in shrub density, lower in shrub height, greater in distance to shrubs, lower in food abundance, steeper in slopes, further from human disturbance, closer to bare rock, and had less hiding cover. Stepwise discriminant analysis distinguished feeding habitat from random locations 85.8% of the time. A separate discriminant analysis differentiated between bedding habitat and random locations 89.1% of the time.
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