作 者 ：崔现亮,王桔红*,齐威,郑秀芳
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 11期 页码：5294~5302
Keywords:seed germination, seed size, dominant species, common species,
摘 要 ：种子萌发和种子大小是植物生活史中的两个关键性特征，它关系到幼苗的建成、存活、竞争和个体未来的适合度。对青藏高原东缘43种灌木（12种优势种，31种常见种）种子的萌发特性、萌发模式以及种子大小对萌发能力的影响进行了比较研究。结果显示，萌发率在80%以上的物种：优势种有3种(鲜卑花、千里香杜鹃和山生柳)，占25%；常见种有1种(白毛银露梅)，占3.23%。萌发率在60%~80%的物种：优势种有1种(中国沙棘)，占8.33%；常见种有12种(红毛杜鹃、蒙古绣线菊、短叶锦鸡儿等)，占38.71%。萌发率在40%~60%的物种：优势种有1种（锥花小檗），占8.33%；常见种有5种（暴马丁香、密叶锦鸡儿和肋果沙棘等），占16.13%。萌发率在20%~40%的物种：优势种有2种（烈香杜鹃和小叶金露梅），占6.45%；常见种有1种（紫丁香），占3.23%。萌发率在20%以下的物种：优势种有5种（置疑小檗、高山绣线菊和岩生忍冬等），占41.67％；常见种有12种（甘肃小檗、刚毛忍冬、陕甘花楸等），占36.36%。优势种和常见种的萌发主要有爆发型、过渡型、缓萌型和低萌型。优势种具有较多的过渡型和缓萌型种，有较少爆发型和低萌型种；常见种中过渡型、缓萌型和低萌型物种比例均在30%左右，爆发型仅有3.32%。优势种中的爆发型要多于常见种，而低萌型的种要少于常见种。萌发率和萌发速率与种子大小呈显著的负相关关系，萌发开始时间和萌发持续时间与种子大小有较弱的关联性。
Abstract:Seed germination and seed size are two crucial components of plant life history with consequences for seedling quality, survival, competition and fitness. We examined germination characteristics and their relation to seed size in 43 shrub species (12 dominant and 31 common) from the eastern Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau. The fresh mature seeds were stored dry at 5℃ until use, then each species 50 seeds were placed in Petri-dishes on filter paper moistened with distilled water and placed in a growth chamber under an alternating temperature regime of 5℃/25℃ with a 12h/12h photoperiod in the Illuminating Incubator. Results showed that 3(25%) of 12 dominant species (Sibiraea laevigata, Rhododendron capitatum and Salix oritrepha) and 1(3.23％) of 31 common species (Potentilla glabra var. mandshurica) had more than 80% germination; 1(8.33％) of 12 dominant species (Hippophae rhamnoides) and 12(38.71％) of 31 common species (e.g. Rhododendron rufum, Spiraea mongolica and Caragana brevifolia) had 60％ to 80％ germination; 1(8.33％) of 12 dominant species (Berberis aggregate) and 5(16.13％) of 31 common species (e.g. Syringa reticulate var. amurensis, Caragana densa and Hippophae neurocarpa) had 40％ to 60％ germination; 2 (6.45％) dominant species (Rhododendron anthropogoniodes and Potentilla parvifolia) and 1 (3.23％) common species (Syringa oblate) had 20％ to 40％ germination; and 5 (41.67%) dominant species (e.g. Berberis dubia, Spiraea alpine and Lonicera rupicola) and 12 (3636%) common species (e.g. Berberis kansuensis, Lonicera hispida and Sorbus koehneana) had less than 20% germination. The germination patterns of these species were classified into four types by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis: rapid, intermediate, slow and low. A greater proportion of dominant species had intermediate and slow germination than rapid and low germination; the common species had similar proportions of intermediate, slow, and low germination, but only 3.32% with rapid germination. The proportion of species with rapid germination was slightly greater for dominant species than common species，and proportion with low germination was less than in common species. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between germination percentages, germination rate and seed size; but days to first germination and duration of germination were weakly related to seed size.
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