作 者 ：袁红娥,严善春*,佟丽丽,高璐璐,王艳军
期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 3期 页码：1415~1420
Keywords:Larix gmelinii, condensed tannin, cutting needles, insect feeding,
摘 要 ：单宁是植物内与抗虫性相关的重要次生代谢物质。为了研究昆虫取食及剪叶诱导对兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)针叶内缩合单宁含量的影响，用剪叶法和落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimus superans)幼虫取食处理5年生兴安落叶松苗，以香草醛-盐酸法测定其剩余健康针叶内缩合单宁含量的变化。结果表明：(1)处理后1~10d，剪叶4枝75%，8枝50%、75%，12枝25%、50%、75%及虫伤4枝75%的兴安落叶松健康针叶内的缩合单宁含量均明显高于对照(P<0.01)，15d时，剪叶8枝75%，12枝50%的兴安落叶松针叶内的缩合单宁含量仍高于对照(P<0.05)，说明剪叶与虫伤处理均能诱导缩合单宁含量增加。(2)剪叶4枝75%，8枝50%，12枝25%、75%的处理之间，诱导的缩合单宁含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。剪叶8枝75%，12枝50%诱导缩合单宁含量增加幅度比其它剪叶处理大，且诱导持续时间长。说明剪叶程度虽能影响缩合单宁含量，但二者并不呈线性关系。(3)剪叶4枝75%在5d时诱导缩合单宁含量最高，虫伤4枝75%在10d时诱导缩合单宁含量最高，说明剪叶诱导的缩合单宁含量高峰早于虫伤处理。但处理后1~10d，剪叶及虫伤4枝75%的落叶松针叶内缩合单宁含量均明显高于对照(P<001或P<0.05)，之后与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)，说明在受到诱导处理后，兴安落叶松产生应激反应，使其针叶内缩合单宁含量在一定时间内先增加，后逐渐恢复到正常水平。由上可见，可以采取适当的损伤处理取得与昆虫取食相似的兴安落叶松抗性反应。
Abstract:The influences of insect feeding and cutting needles to condensed tannin contents in needles of Larix gmelinii were studied. The needles of five-year old L. gmelinii were treated with cutting needles and larva feeding of Dendrolimus superans, and the changes of condensed tannin contents in needles on the untreated branches were detected by vanillin-HCL assay. The results showed that: (1) day 1 to day 10 after treated, the condensed tannin contents in undamaged needles of seven treatments (75% needles on four branches, 50% or 75% of needles on eight branches, and 25% or 50% or 75% needles on twelve branches were cut off and 75% needles on four branches were fed), were significantly higher than that in control (P<001). By day 15, the condensed tannin contents in undamaged needles of two treatments (75% needles on eight branches and 50% needles on twelve branches were cut) were still higher significantly than that in control (P<005). These results suggested that both cutting needles and insect feeding could induce the increase of condensed tannin contents. (2) There were no significant differences of condensed tannin contents between four treatments (cutting off 75% needles on four or twelve branches, 50% needles on eight branches and 25% needles on twelve branches)(P>0.05). Whereas, the changes of condensed tannin contents after cutting out 75% needles on eight branches and 50% needles on twelve branches were much higher than other cutting treatments, and the remained time of the changes was also longer. These implied that degrees of cutting needles could influence condensed tannin contents, but there were no linear relationships between them. (3) A peak of condensed tannin contents in the needles of treatment induced by cutting off 75% needles of each four branches appeared on day 5, while on day 10 for those induced by eating up 75% needles on four branches, indicating that the peak of condensed tannin contents induced by cutting needles appears earlier than that induced by insect feeding. But the condensed tannin contents in undamaged needles induced by either cutting off or eating up 75% needles of each four branches were higher than control within 10 days after treated from first day to 10th day (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and then the differences were not significant (P>0.05), which indicated that a stress response was produced with the increase of condensed tannin contents in needles within certain time when L. gmelinii was induced, and then came back to the natural level gradually. The results suggest that appropriate wound-treatments, which can simulate the insect‘s feeding, can be used to induce L. gmelinii defense responses.
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