作 者 ：蒋依依,王仰麟,成升魁,叶敏婷
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 4期 页码：1786~1793
关键词：旅游景观生态系统；景观生态学；概念框架；尺度；格局；功能；变化；
Keywords:tourism landscape ecosystem, landscape ecology, conceptual framework, scale, pattern, function, change process,
摘 要 ：针对旅游业快速发展过程中旅游目的地人地关系日趋恶化的趋势，在景观生态学理论的基础上，较为系统地提出旅游景观生态系统的相关理论框架，借以辩明旅游地复杂的人地关系，为旅游地的可持续发展研究提供理论依据。在景观生态学中景观生态系统概念的基础上，探讨了旅游景观生态系统的概念框架，指出旅游景观生态系统是由旅游者、当地居民与其周围的自然环境，遵循相应的生态、经济与社会规律，相互作用相互影响所形成的，具有旅游功能的地域综合体。进而重点讨论了尺度、格局、功能与变化等旅游景观生态系统研究的基本问题，强调辨析旅游景观生态系统格局与功能变化的影响因素及其相互作用机制是研究的重点，是为制止或逆转系统的不良趋势以及制定适宜的优化途径的基础。阐述了格局-功能依存性与状态脆弱性等旅游景观生态系统的特性。
Abstract:Conflicts between human and environmental systems become more obvious with the rapid development of the tourism industry. Aiming to clarify the complex relationship among human-environment interactions, a conceptual framework for tourism landscape ecosystems is proposed based on theories of Landscape Ecology. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for the study of sustainable tourism sites. The tourism landscape ecosystem is a regional integrated system, which consists of tourists, residents, and their circumjacent environment. The system is formed under a complex set of rules, ecological, economic and social rules included. Scale, pattern, function, and transformation processes of the tourism landscape ecosystem are the basic scientific issues under the framework. This article advances the following propositions. First, elements of the tourism landscape ecosystem and their relationships are distinct at different scales. Second, characteristics of tourism landscape ecosystem patterns can be demonstrated from two aspects, landscape patterns and tourist flow structure. The latter is the main landscape process that distinguishes tourism landscape ecosystems from other complex systems. Third, the functions of the tourism landscape ecosystem consist of ecological functions and tourism functions, two functions interact and sustain one other. Fourth, varying functional elements will lead to changes in the tourism landscape ecosystem. From this point of view, identifying driver variables and interaction mechanisms between and among patterns and functions of the tourism landscape ecosystem is critical. Only based on the above analyses can we ameliorate deteriorating systems, develop feasible approaches to terminate the deterioration, and optimize the integrity of the ecosystem. Finally, characteristics of tourism landscape ecosystem posed as follow are then discussed and conclusions are drawn: ①Pattern-function dependence, which impacts changes of the whole ecosystem; ②Frangibility of the tourism landscape ecosystem, due to the instability of natural environment and the high association of tourism industries.
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