作 者 ：戴轩,韩宝瑜*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 5期 页码：2356~2367
Keywords:Guizhou, tea gardens, spider fauna, dominant species, section-specific species,
摘 要 ：经10多年考查和鉴定，记述了贵州省茶区蜘蛛26科204种，其中优势类群园蛛科50种、跳蛛科25种、肖蛸科20种、蟹蛛科14种、平腹蛛科13种，占总种数60％。全省性种类角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、草间小黑蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、三突花蛛、鞍形花蟹蛛、机敏蝇豹、纵条蝇狮、悦目金蛛、棒络新妇蛛、八斑鞘腹蛛、星豹蛛、棕管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、浙江豹蛛、兰翠蛛、黑色蝇虎、茶色新园蛛和锥腹肖蛸等64种，占总种数31％。在我国动物区划中，贵州大部属于华中区的西部山地高原亚区，西部少数地区属于西南区的西南山地亚区。结合茶树适生格局，把茶园蜘蛛区系划分为：黔中山地丘陵区(Ⅰ)、黔东低山丘陵盆地区(Ⅱ)、黔南低山河谷区（Ⅲ）、黔北中山峡谷区（Ⅳ）、黔西高原中山区（Ⅴ）。Ⅰ区发现蜘蛛21科137种，占全省总种数67％；常见的优势种有角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、灌木新园蛛、青新园蛛和悦目金蛛等37种，占该区蜘蛛总种数27％；特有种为山地艾蛛、畸形艾蛛、对称曲腹蛛、西山新园蛛、小青新园蛛、四点亮腹蛛、桐庐指蛛、锯胸微蛛、黑底狼蛛、中华刺足蛛、裂额银斑蛛、贵州花蟹蛛和三斑花蟹蛛等13种。Ⅱ区发现蜘蛛26科185种，占全省总种数91％；优势种有角类肥蛛、棕管巢蛛、毁坏管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛和三突花蛛等31种，占该区蜘蛛总种数17％；特有种有中华蟱蛛、棒络新妇蛛、四斑粗螯蛛、风雅丽蛛和江安七纺蛛等58种。Ⅲ区发现蜘蛛15科92种，占总种数45％；优势种为角类肥蛛、草间小黑蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、驼背额角蛛和八斑鞘腹蛛等18种，占该区蜘蛛总种数20％。特有种为圆腹艾蛛、椭圆新园蛛、横带隆背蛛和凤振粗螯蛛等4种。Ⅳ区发现蜘蛛15科76种，占全省总种数37％；优势种为角类肥蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、机敏蝇豹、纵条蝇狮和黑色蝇虎等18种，占该区蜘蛛总种数24％。Ⅴ区发现蜘蛛14科64种，占总种数31％；优势种为角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、机敏蝇豹、黄斑菲蛛等15种，占该区蜘蛛总种数23％；Ⅳ和Ⅴ区无特有种类。Ⅲ区雨、热和光照条件较优越，但其为新辟茶区，蜘蛛种数少于Ⅰ和Ⅱ区。从西北部高寒山区向东部低丘，海拔明显降低，气候从北亚热带过渡到中亚热带，雨量、光照和积温加大，茶树等农林作物增多，茶园蜘蛛种类增多。
Abstract:Based upon over ten years of investigation and species identification, 204 species of spiders belonging to 26 families in the tea plant growing areas in Guizhou Province are recorded in the current paper. The dominant spider groups include Araneidae (50 species), Salticidae (25 species), Tetragnathidae （20 species）, Thomisidae （14 species）, as well as Gnaphosidae （13 species）, which account for 60% of the total species richness. There were 64 province-wide distributed species (31% of the total species), including Larinioides cornutus, Neoscona doenitzi, Erigonidium graminicolum, Oedothorax insecticeps, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Xysticus ephippiatus, Jotus difficilis, Marpissa magister, Argiope amoena, Nephila clavata, Coleosoma octomaculatum, Pardosa astrigera, Clubiona japonicola, Oxyopes sertatus, Agelena difficilis, Pardosa tschekiangensis, Silerella vittata, Plexippus paykulli, Neoscona theisi and Tetragnatha japonica. According to the animal geographical fauna of China, a large part of Guizhou Province falls into the west mountain/plateau subregion of the central China region, while only a small part of the west Guizhou resides in the mountain subregion of the southwest China region. Based on the tea growing pattern, the spider fauna is divided into the following five sections: upland/hill section in the central Guizhou (Ⅰ), low mountain/hill and basin section in the east Guizhou (Ⅱ), low mountain and river valley section in the south Guizhou (Ⅲ), middle mountain/canyon section in the north Guizhou (Ⅳ), and plateau/middle mountain section in the west Guizhou (Ⅴ). Within section Ⅰ, 137 species belonging to 21 families were recorded, which accounts for 67％of the total species richness. There were 37 dominant species that accounts for 27% of the total species in section Ⅰ, which include Larinioides cornutus, Neoscona doenitzi, Neoscona adianta, Neoscona scylla and Argiope amoena and others. Following 13 species, Cyclosa monticola, Cyclosa informis, Cyrtarachne inaequalis, Neoscona xishanensis, Neoscona minoriscylla, Singa pygmaea， Bathyphantes tongluensis, Erigonc koshiensis, Lycosa phipsoni, Phrurolithus sinicus, Argyrodes fissifroms, Xysticus guizhou and Xysticus pseudoblitea were section-specific spider species found in section I. Within section Ⅱ, 185 species from 26 families were identified ( 91％of the total species richness), of which 31 species such as Larinioides cornutus, Clubiona japonicola, Clubiona deletrix, Oxyopes sertatus, Misumenops tricuspidatu, and others were considered as the dominant species accounting for 17% of the total species richness in this section. There were 58 section-specific species, including Uloborus sinensis, Nephila clavata, Pachygnatha quadrimaculata, Chrysso venusta, and Heptatheal jianganensis. Within section Ⅲ , 92 species from 15 families (45％ of the total species) were detected, among which 18 species in this section were considered as the dominant species including Larinioides cornutus, Erigonidium graminicolum, Oedothorax insecticeps, Gnathonarium gibberum, and Coleosoma octomaculatum consisting of accounted for 20% of the total species richness. Cyclosa vallata, Neoscona elliptica, Tylorida ventralis and Pachygnatha fengzhen were section-Ⅲ specific. In region Ⅳ, 76 species from 15 families (37％of the total species) were identified, among which 18 species including Larinioides cornutus, Agelena difficilis, Jotus difficilis, Marpissa magiste, and Plexippus paykulli were determined to be the dominant species (24% of the total species richness in section Ⅳ). Within section Ⅴ, there were 64 species belonging to 14 families were detected that occupied 31％of the total species richness, among which 15 dominant species such as Larinioides cornutus, Neoscona doenitzi, Agelena difficilis, Jotus difficilis, and Phintella melloteei etc were recognized (23% of the total species richness). There were no section-specific species in sections Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The precipitation, temperature and sunlight conditions in section Ⅲ were quite favorable for spiders; however, it was a newly cultivated tea plant growing area. Therefore, it resulted in a lower species richness than in section Ⅰ or Ⅱ. From the high and cold mountains in northwestern Guizhou to the low hills in eastern Guizhou, the altitude descends; also the climate changes from the north subtropical zone to the middle subtropical zone. As rainfall, sunlight and temperatures ascend, the abundance of tea plants and other agricultural or forest crops increase; hence, the spider species richness in the tea gardens abounds.
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