作 者 ：郭跃东,郭晋平*,张芸香,吉久昌
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 15期 页码：4046~4055
Keywords:Wenyuhe watershed, riparian forest, ecological species group, succession dynamics, environmental gradient,
摘 要 ：以文峪河上游河岸林为研究对象，通过对群落建群种的DCA排序和物种关联分析进行生态种组划分，阐明了河岸林群落建群种各生态种组之间的生态演替功能差异，结合对样地和生态适应性功能组的DCA排序结果，分析了河岸林群落空间分布的环境梯度格局及其影响因素，基于以上分析，构建了研究地区河岸林群落演替过程，揭示了环境梯度格局对河岸林群落演替的控制作用。通过研究，文峪河上游河岸林群落生态适应性功能组比群落在排序空间上具有更好的分异性，采用生态适应性功能组更有利于分析群落的时空关系；研究地区河岸林群落9个建群种划分为阳性喜湿先锋型、阳性中生演替型、耐阴喜湿演替后期型和阳性中生逃避型4个生态种组；研究地区海拔梯度、河岸带坡度和河谷型共同决定了河岸林群落的分布格局，河岸带坡度和河谷型实际反映的是河岸带水文状况对河岸林群落时空格局的控制作用；根据生态适应性功能组和生态种组构建了研究地区河岸林群落演替模型，不同的海拔及其相应的河谷型具有明显不同的演替过程。
Abstract:This study was conducted in riparian forests of the upper reach of Wenyuhe watershed. Constructive tree species were classified into different ecological species groups by DCA ordination and inter-species association analysis. Environmental gradient of the riparian forest distribution patterns was analyzed using DCA ordination of the ecological function groups. Difference of the ecological succession function was also analyzed for the groups and their controlling effect on succession dynamics of environmental pattern was interpreted. Results showed: (1) The spatial ordination difference among ecological adaptive functional groups was larger than that among the riparian forest communities which indicated that ecological adaptive functional groups could be used to analyze community spatial pattern and dynamical succession of vegetations such as riparian forests with high habitat heterogeneity and strong seasonal fluctuation; (2) Nine dominant tree species were divided into four different ecological species groups: the sunny pioneer species group including Salix ssp and Populus ussuriensis Kom, the sunny meso-humid transitional species group including Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr, Betula paltyphylla Suk. and B. Albo-sinensis Burk., the shady hygrophilous climax species group consisting of Picea meyeri Rehd. and P. wilsonii Mast. and the sunny meso-humid avoiding species group consisting of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Quercus wutaishanica Mayr. (3) Riparian forest distribution depended on site elevation, slope and river valley types, the latter two factors indicating the controlling effect of hydraulic regime on spatial and temporal patterns of the riparian forest communities. The strong avoiding group, strong invasion group, intermediate invasion group and weak invasion group distributed, respectively, mainly on the steep slopes or gentle high terraces with lower altitude, the valley floodplain with intermediate altitude, the steep slopes with higher altitude and low terrace with intermediate and higher altitude. The riparian forest pattern depends mainly on topographical factors, without significant effect of soil water content. Soil factors and hydrogological disturbance may control vegetation pattern of riparian zone in a scale of watershed. (4) The succession series model of riparian forests was established according to the ecological adaptive functional groups and the ecological species groups. Different habitat has different succession process. Despite the species composition difference at first succession stage of riparian forest and upland forest the successonal serial was in the same way. However, the successional process of riparian forests were more complicated than the upland forests. The present riparian forest was a subclimax affected by the local natural factors and human disturbance with its successional speed being lower than that of upland forests, which was in accordance with van der Valk’s succession theory and heterogeneity theory of riparian zones.
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