作 者 ：罗杨,张明海,马建章,吴安康,汪双喜,张树森
期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 5期 页码：1715~1722
Keywords:disturbed habitat, Francois’ langur（Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi）, time budget,
摘 要 ：1999年至2000年，采用瞬间采样法对贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区干扰生境中的野生成年黑叶猴的日活动规律进行了研究。结果表明：干扰生境中野生成年黑叶猴在全年的行为时间分配中表现为休息和摄食所占比例最多，分别为35.41%和31.67%；其次是游走、拥坐和嬉戏，分别为14.44%、9.61%和8.54%；仅将很少时间用于理毛行为，为0.33%。与未干扰生境相比，干扰生境下黑叶猴全年中除用于休息的时间下降外，用于其余活动类型的时间均有所提高。研究还表明野生成年黑叶猴的活动规律在不同季节存在一定差异性。休息和摄食行为在各季节日活动规律中都存在显著高峰期，但高峰期持续时间和强度不同。游走、嬉戏和拥坐行为在各季节的日活动规律所占比例均较低。理毛行为存在季节有或无的现象。
Abstract:The daily activity pattern of wild adult Francois’ langurs (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) was observed in disturbed habitat at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province between 1999 and 2000. The behaviors of wild adult Francois′ langur were recorded at 5 minute intervals using an instantaneous sampling method. The results indicate that rest, forage, traveling, huddling, playing and grooming activities account for 35.41%, 31.67%, 14.44%, 9.61%, 8.54% and 0.33% respectively in the daily time budget of these wild adult Francois′ langurs during the study period. The majority of time is spent on resting and foraging, secondly on traveling, huddling and playing, and the least time on grooming.
In comparison with the results in undisturbed habitat, the time spent in resting is decreased while the time on other activities is increased. In the undisturbed habitat, vegetation is mainly secondary evergreen broadleaved mixed forests and is well protected. Food resources for wild Francois′ langur are rich and easy to obtain, including Rhur chinensis、Pistacia chinensis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. Consequently the time spent in foraging in undisturbed habitat is decreased. In disturbed habitat, the natural forest is destroyed and replaced by dense shrubs, and the upper-slope is completely cultivated with farmland. This decreases food availability and changes the foraging behavior of the langurs, also causing a change of time budgets of other behaviors, such as increasing the proportion of traveling and decreasing the proportion of resting. At the same time, the fact that the frequency of human activity is higher in the disturbed habitat influences time budget of daily social behavior of the langurs including playing, huddling and grooming.
The patterns of activity rhythms of wild adult Francois′ langur in the disturbed habitat show some seasonal differences. Significant activity peaks are revealed in foraging and resting in all seasons, but peak values and duration are different. Proportion of traveling, playing and huddling are relatively low in all seasons. A daily rhythm of grooming appears in some seasons, but does not occur in other seasons. Duration and value of peaks reflect intensity of some behaviors in the rhythm, which corresponds to outside changes of conditions, such as temperature, illumination, food availability, human activity and so on. Therefore the pattern of activity rhythm of wild adult Francois′ langur is adaptable to change in the environment.
According to the results, some suggestions are given for long-term and efficient conservation of this endangered species in disturbed habitat. First, indigenous tree species and preferred vegetation of Francois′ langur should be restored. Secondly human activity, for example grazing, should be limited. Thirdly, building a bridge over bottom land could be considered to decrease the impact of human activity and for the convenience of human residents.