作 者 ：黄中豪,黄乘明*,周岐海*,韦华,蒙渊君
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 20期 页码：5501~5508
Keywords:Franois’ langur, Trachypithecus francoisi, Diet, Seasonal variation,
摘 要 ：广西环境工程与保护评价重点实验室项目；国家自然科学基金项目（30560023，30860050）;国家林业局叶猴监测与保护项目; 广西高校人才小高地资助项目;广西自然科学基金项目（桂科自0991095）
Abstract:Karst is a special habitat for most of the nonhuman primate, its forest has some unique features, such as poorer, but more diversity vegetation, and the items of plants used for food by primates showed seasonal fluctuation. The availability of food resources was influenced by environment, according to previous data from other primates inhabited in karst habitat. Franois′ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) is one of the few primates that inhabit in karst habitat. So, how did the Franois′ langur obtain adequate food according with food availability fluctuation? Did they adopt a common feeding strategy selected by most species living in mountains, or the special one adapted to karst? To explore what feeding strategy the Franois langur would adopt in response to seasonal scarcity of preferred foods (immature leaves, fruits), we investigated the dietary composition and its seasonal variation of one group of the Franois′ langurs at Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, from September 2005 to August 2006. Data were collected by instantaneous scan sampling. The results indicated that totally, 92species of plants were used for food by langurs, there were 38 species of trees and shrubs, 52 of vines, 1 of herbs, and 1 of Epiphyte. On average, langurs monthly consumed 22.8 plants species, and the food diversity index (FDI) was 2.5. Leaves constituted 71% of the langurs′ diet, including 46.9% immature leaves and 241% mature leaves. Fruits, flowers and seeds contributed to 13.2%, 6.3% and 4.3% of their diet, respectively. Other food items accounted for 5.4% of the diet, including 1.8% stems, 1.1% petioles, 2.5% unidentified parts, respectively. There were significant seasonal variations in langurs′ diet. The total number of food species and the FDI in dry season were both higher than rainy season (Food species: 29.3 vs 16.2; FDI: 2.8 vs 2.1). During the rainy season, when leaves were abundant, their diets consisted primarily of young leaves, which contributed 61.5% in dietary, higher than a proportion of 32.3% in dry season. Consumption of mature leaves and seeds increased significantly in the dry season when young leaves and fruits were scarce, both having a higher proportion than in rainy season (Mature leaves: 39.4% vs 89%; Seed: 86% vs 0%). Our results also demonstrated the influence of food availability on dietary composition. Positive relationship between the proportion of young leaves in monthly dietary composition and their availability in the karst habitat was found（Spearman rank correlation, r=0.865, n=12，P<0.01）.The availability of mature leaves and fruits both decreased when the FDI increased（Mature leaves：r =-0.602, n=12，P=0.039 ；Fruits：r=-0.716, n=12，P=0.009 ）. Similar to most of langur species, Franois’ langur adopted a feeding strategy of more mature leaves and seeds to respond to the dry season of less prefered food, with a higher dietary diversity.
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