Abstract:Because of the risk of POPs pollution, it is necessary to apply effectiveness, low-cost and safe remediation methods. Neither bio-remediation nor combined remediation is enough to achieve such goals; therefore concept of eco-remediation emerged. Eco-remediation couples self-decontamination by ecosystem within the pollution area as well as enhanced remediation. Taking POPs-polluted soil as an example, this paper summarizes four principles of eco-remediation：(1) self-decontamination by ecosystem within pollution area is the basis of eco-remediation; (2) a combination of bio-metabolism process, environmental factor and physical -chemical processes is the key mechanism of eco-remediation; (3) remediation process and remediation result must be eco-safe; (4) the objective of eco-remediation’ aim should be restoration of the original functions of ecosystem. This paper also discusses the establishment of goals of remediation, controlling remediation process and assessing remediation results. Based on the basic meanings of the coupling concept and the analysis of eco-remediation processes, the authors believe that coupling process is the key of eco-remediation. The basis of effective remediation is applying right coupling principle, coupling strategy and coupling methods. Coupling principle had four parts that transforming POPs into easily degradable materials or reducing its toxicity, establishing proper conditions for biological factors, enhancing bioavailability in soil, and creating super microorganisms that have new metabolism. Coupling mechanisms include: coupling of non-biological factors and biological factors, coupling of biological factors, and coupling of cell and gene engineering. Coupling methods included simultaneous coupling and stage coupling. In the end, the authors forecast the research trends and directions of eco-remediation.