Abstract:Nitrogen turnover from grazing livestock excreta is the key process in the nitrogen cycle of pasture ecosystems. Since the 1970s, many studies of nitrogen turnover from grazing livestock excreta have been conducted in order to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emission. Nitrogen turnover research mainly includes three related aspects: (i) Nitrogen mineralization, (ii) Nitrification and denitrification, and (iii) Nitrogen ammonification. Differences exist between the nitrogen minerali...