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作 者 ：张凯, 陈年来, 顾群英, 王小娟, 刘斌

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 4期 页码：797-804

关键词：春小麦；气体交换特性；生物量积累与分配；产量构成因素；

Keywords:spring wheat, gas exchanges characteristics, biomass accumulated and allocation, yield components,

摘 要 ：为了探讨小麦对环境变化表现出的选择性差异,通过设计再裂区田间试验,以3个春小麦品种(和尚头、西旱2号和宁春4号)为材料,设置2个灌水水平(充分灌水4 500 m³·hm^-2和有限灌水 3 000 m³·hm^-2)和5个施氮水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^-2),研究了不同抗旱性春小麦品种的光合特性、生物量积累与分配、产量构成因素对水分和氮素的响应。结果表明,增加灌水量和施氮量,3个品种叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和器官生物量均增加;施氮过量(和尚头和西旱2号超过150 kg·hm^-2,宁春4号超过225kg·hm^-2)时4个指标均降低。有限灌水、低施氮或过量施氮时,春小麦倾向于增加穗粒数和千粒重;充分灌水、中等施氮时,倾向于增加总生物量。在水氮充足时,宁春4号能获得更高的穗粒数和千粒重;在水氮资源严重限制时,和尚头能够维持产量构成因素恒定; 无论水氮充足与否,西旱2号的总生物量与籽粒产出均居中等水平。本试验丰富了不同抗旱性春小麦与水分、氮素的互作结果,得出了3个品种在不同水氮条件下生物量分配和产量构成因素的选择倾向,为明确作物在胁迫环境下的资源利用和产量响应提供了一定的科学依据。

Abstract:In order to understand the selectivity difference of wheat how to adapt to environmental changes, field experiments were designed in split-split-plots, with three spring wheat cultivars (Heshangtou, Xihan No.2, Ningchun No.4), two irrigation levels (full irrigation 4 500 m³·hm^-2 and limited irrigation 3 000 m³·hm^-2) and five nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg·hm^-2). Photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation and allocation, yield components responses to water and nitrogen treatments of different drought tolerance spring wheat cultivars were studied.The results showed that leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and biomass were increased as water and nitrogen levels increased; when excessive nitrogen (Heshangtou and Xihan No.2 over 150 kg·hm^-2, Ningchun No.4 over 225 kg·hm^-2) was applied, the four indicators decreased. Spring wheat tends to increase yield components in resource-limiting environments (limited irrigation, low or excessive nitrogen application), while increase total biomass in resource-suitable environment (full irrigation, middle nitrogen application). Ningchun No.4 could get greater grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight under sufficient water and nitrogen supplement. Heshangtou could maintain constant yield components under water and nitrogen limitation. Xihan No.2 could have higher total biomass and yield output under either sufficient or insufficient water and nitrogen conditions. These results enriched our understanding of interactions between drought-tolerance of spring wheat and resource (water and nitrogen) supplying. We also obtained the selected tendency on biomass distribution and yield components of three varieties under different water and nitrogen conditions. These results provided theoretical basis for better understanding of crop resource use and yield response under stress environment.

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