Abstract:The relationship between ten physiological and chemical indexes in leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and five quality characters of stalks were conducted by using method of canonical correlation analysis. The results indicated that at tillering stage, there were positive correlations between content of carotenoid and sucrose content in cane, content of total soluble sugar and water content in cane, content of total soluble sugar and reducing sugar in juice, respectively. At early elongating stage, there were positive correlations between contents of chlorophyll, activity of catalase and sucrose contents in cane, content of soluble protein and content of cane fibre, respectively. At middle elongating stage, there were positive correlations between activity of Mg2+-ATPase and cane fibre, content of soluble sugar and sucrose content in cane, respectively, but there was negative correlation between carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and water content in cane. At the maturing stage, there was positive correlation between content of carotenoid and sucrose contents in cane, and negative correlation between contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar in juice.