Abstract:Anther culture of a dual-purpose genic male sterile rice (DGMSR) Peiai 64S resulted in 1969 regenerated plants from 26 callus lines. According to the ploidy and fertility in the first generation of anther plants (H1 ), they were divided into three types: a) Haploid, all of the 41 plants in 1 callus line were haploid, b) Uniform type, including 19 callus lines, all of which were sterile during the sterility period, and no remarkable differences in other characters were observed, c) Segregation type, including the remaining 6 callus lines which exhibited segregation．In this type，3 lines with 2 to 7 individuals each were haploid．Some plants in this type had higher pollen staining rate and seed setting percentage. In the control line (Peiai 64S)，there were 1.5％ of individuals being fertile in sterility period，indicating that Peiai 64S was not a pure line. After selection for two generations，their fertility has been stable in H3. The experiments of sowing at intervals in spring with seven lines in the H4 generation showed，the later the sowing date，the earlier the initia1 heading date．It was shown that these 1ines were susceptible to tem perature．It
was also observed that the duration of stable sterility period in the selected plant lines was longer by 3 days or so than that in the control，and in fertility transformation period，the seed set percentages from self-pollination in these lines were over 5 8％ higher compared
to the contro1．The characters of F1 hybrids from 108 test cross combinations showed potential high-yield trait. It is suggested that anther culture is an effective way for purifying and improving DGMSR.