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Polystichum mulunense (Dryopteridaceae), a New Species from Karst Caves in Guangxi, China

广西洞穴植物一新种——木论耳蕨



全 文 :广西洞穴植物一新种———木论耳蕨∗
沈晓琳1ꎬ 刘  静1ꎬ 蒋日红2∗∗
(1 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所ꎬ 广西 桂林  541006ꎻ 2 广西林业集团ꎬ 南宁  530022)
摘要: 报道了广西石灰岩洞穴植物一新种———木论耳蕨 (Polystichum mulunense X􀆰 L. Shen & R􀆰 H. Jiang)ꎬ
本种形态特征近似广西耳蕨 (Polystichum guangxiense W􀆰 M. Chu et H􀆰 G. Zhou) 和凤山耳蕨 (P􀆰 fengshanense
L􀆰 B. Zhang et H. He)ꎬ 不同之处在于本种根状茎的鳞片披针形ꎬ 边缘被稀疏的细齿ꎻ 叶片基部略收缩ꎻ 小
羽片长斜方形至斜方形ꎬ 革质ꎬ 疏生ꎬ 以 60~70°的角度斜升羽轴ꎮ
关键词: 耳蕨ꎻ 木论耳蕨ꎻ 广西ꎻ 溶洞ꎻ 新物种
中图分类号: Q 949            文献标志码: A                文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)06-737-04
Polystichum mulunense (Dryopteridaceae)ꎬ a New Species
from Karst Caves in Guangxiꎬ China
SHEN Xiao ̄lin1ꎬ LIU Jing1ꎬ JIANG Ri ̄hong2∗∗
(1 Guangxi Institute of Botanyꎬ Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ
Guilinꎬ Guangxi 541006ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Guangxi Forestry Groupꎬ Nanning 530022ꎬ China)
Abstract: Polystichum mulunense X􀆰 L. Shen & R􀆰 H. Jiangꎬ a new species from karst caves in Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎬ is de ̄
scribed and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to Polystichum guangxiense and P􀆰 fengshanenseꎬ
but can be easily distinguished from the latter by rhizome scales lanceolateꎬ margins sparsely serrulate and pinnules
coriaceousꎬ attached at ca. 60-75 degree angles to rachis and rhomboidal to trapeziform.
Key words: Polystichumꎻ Polystichum mulunenseꎻ Guangxiꎻ Karst caveꎻ New species
  The limestone is mainly distributed in Guangxiꎬ
Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces in south and south ̄
western China. This area is botanically well ̄known
for its high species diversityꎬ endemism and rare
species. During fieldwork in Guangxiꎬ an attractive
species that morphologically did not match the de ̄
scription of any of the known species of Polystichum
was discovered. After comparing with all described
species of the genus (Qin and Liuꎬ 2010ꎻ Jiang et
al.ꎬ 2011aꎬbꎬcꎬdꎬ 2012ꎻ Kung et al.ꎬ 2001ꎻ Zhang
and Heꎬ 2009aꎬbꎬ 2010ꎬ 2011ꎻ Zhou et al.ꎬ 1996)ꎬ
we found that it is different from all the known spe ̄
cies of Polystichum and represents as a new speciesꎬ
which we hereby describe and illustrate.
Polystichum mulunense X􀆰 L. Shen & R􀆰 H.
Jiangꎬ sp. nov. (Figs􀆰 1 & 2)
Type: CHINA. Guangxi: Huanjiang Countyꎬ
Chuanshan Townꎬ Mingli Villageꎬ Yangjuan caveꎬ alt
690 mꎬ 25°6′4″ Nꎬ 107°58′1″ Eꎬ 23 Apr. 2012ꎬ R􀆰 H.
Jiang et al. ML1240 (holotype: IBKꎬ isotype: IBK)
Diagnosis: Polystichum mulunense is similar to
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (6): 737~740
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201515068

∗∗
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41161011)ꎻ Fundamental Research Fund of Guangxi Institute of Botany (GZY
12004)ꎻ Traditional Chinese Medicine Public Health Special Project ([2011]76) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Re ̄
search Special Project (201207002)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: jiangrhg@163􀆰 com
Received date: 2015-04-22ꎬ Accepted date: 2015-08-04
作者简介: 沈晓琳 (1975-) 女ꎬ 硕士ꎬ 工程师ꎬ 主要从事植物标本网络管理工作ꎮ E ̄mail: sxl@gxib􀆰 cn
P􀆰 guangxiense W􀆰 M. Chu et H􀆰 G. Zhouꎬ but diffe ̄
ring from the later byits lamina lanceolateꎬ base
slightly contractedꎻ pinna coriaceousꎬ remoteꎬ ob ̄
liqueꎬ attached at ca. 60 - 75 degree angles to ra ̄
chisꎬ rhomboidal to trapeziform.
Plants perennialꎬ evergreenꎬ 10-22 cm tall. Rhi ̄
zome ascendingꎬ 1-2􀆰 5 mm in diam.ꎬ densely covered
with scalesꎻ scales lanceolateꎬ ca. 0􀆰 7 mm × 0􀆰 1 mmꎬ
brownꎬ apex filiformꎬ margins sparsely serrulate.
Frondscaespitoseꎻ stipe 0􀆰 8-5􀆰 5 cm longꎬ 1-2 mm
in diam.ꎬ adaxially canaliculateꎬ stramineousꎬ densely
scalyꎬ scales ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ brownꎬ margins long ̄
dentate with outgrowthsꎬ apex filiformꎬ distal stipe
scales similar but smallerꎬ narrower and shorter to ̄
ward apex of rachisꎻ lamina lanceolateꎬ 6-17 cm ×
2􀆰 2-2􀆰 8 cmꎬ base slightly contractedꎬ apex acuteꎬ
1 ̄pinnateꎻ rachis stramineousꎬ covered with scalesꎬ
scales similar stipe scales but smaller and narrowerꎬ
abaxially densely covered with scalesꎬ scales fili ̄
formꎬ adaxially canaliculateꎬ sparsely scalyꎬ scales
Fig􀆰 1  Polystichum mulunense X􀆰 L. Shen & R􀆰 H. Jiang.
A. Habitꎻ B. Portion of pinnaꎻ C. Scale from base of petioleꎻ D. Scale from middle of petiole adaxiallyꎻ E. Scale from
middle of petiole abaxiallyꎻ F. Scale from rachisꎻ G. Scale from abaxial surfaceꎻ H. Indusium
837                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
Fig􀆰 2  Polystichum mulunense X􀆰 L. Shen & R􀆰 H. Jiang
A. Habitꎻ B. Outside view of Yangjuan Cave where P􀆰 mulunense was discovered for the first timeꎻ
C. Portion of laminaꎻ D-E. Portion of laminaꎬ showing sori
similar abaxiallyꎻ pinnae 13-22 pairsꎬ coriaceousꎬ
dull greenꎬ alternate and suboppositeꎬ remoteꎬ ob ̄
liqueꎬ attached at ca. 60 - 75 degree angles to ra ̄
chisꎬ basal pairs have shortly petiolateꎬ upwards
sessileꎬ rhomboidal to trapeziformꎬ 1􀆰 3 - 2􀆰 5 cm ×
0􀆰 4-0􀆰 6 cmꎬ base asymmetricꎬ acroscopic margins
sub ̄parallel to rachisꎬ acroscopic base rounded or
slightly auriculateꎬ distal acroscopic margins shal ̄
lowly undulate or almost entireꎬ abaxially scalyꎬ ba ̄
siscopic base truncate and often forming a 80-100 de ̄
gree angle with rachisꎬ apex obtuseꎬ sometimes mu ̄
cronateꎬ adaxially lustrous and glabrousꎬ distal acro ̄
scopic margins entire or shallowly undulateꎬ abaxial
surface scalyꎬ scales linear or subulateꎬ filiformꎬ as if
have articulationꎻ venation pinnateꎬ visible abaxially
and slightly obscure adaxiallyꎬ concaveꎻ lateral veins
freeꎬ single or forked. Sori terminal on veins of distal
pinnaeꎬ 2-6 on acroscopicꎬ 0-3 on distal basiscopic
sideꎬ 1􀆰 3-3􀆰 2 mm in diam.ꎬ close to pinna marginꎻ
indusia peltateꎬ 0􀆰 6-1􀆰 7 mm in diam.ꎬ membrana ̄
ceousꎬ margin repand or eroseꎬ caducous.
Distribution and ecology: So far Polystichum
mulunense is only known from two karst caves in Mu ̄
lun National Nature Reserve in Guangxiꎬ growing on
9376期      SHEN Xiao ̄lin et al.: Polystichum mulunense (Dryopteridaceae)ꎬ a New Species from Karst Caves in 􀆺     
the rock face. The population sizes are very small and
the distribution area is narrow. The status of Polysti ̄
chum mulunense should be classified as CR (critically
endangered) following the IUCN guidelines ( IUCNꎬ
2008) based on the observations below: (1) It oc ̄
curs only in two caves and have a small number of
individualsꎻ (2) Total known plants in all popula ̄
tions are fewer than 250 mature individuals.
Etymology: The specific epithet “mulunense”
is derived from the type localityꎬ Mulun National
Nature Reserveꎬ Huanjiang Countyꎬ Guangxi.
Paratype: CHINA. Guangxi: Huanjiang Countyꎬ
Chuanshan Townꎬ Mingli Villageꎬ Yangjuan caveꎬ alt
690 mꎬ 25°6′4″Nꎬ 107°58′1″Eꎬ 23 Apr. 2012ꎬ R􀆰 H.
Jiang et al. ML1241ꎬ ML1242 (IBK)
Relationship: This new species is similar to
Polystichum guangxiense W􀆰 M. Chu et H􀆰 G. Zhou
and P􀆰 fengshanense L􀆰 B. Zhang et H. Heꎬ but differs
by the following characters (Table 1): The scales from
rhizoma are lanceolateꎬ apex filiformꎬ margins sparsely
serrulateꎻ lamina lanceolateꎬ base slightly contractedꎻ
pinna 13-22 pairsꎬ coriaceousꎬ remoteꎬ obliqueꎬ att ̄
ached at ca. 60-75 degree angles to rachisꎬ rhom ̄
boidal to trapeziformꎬ apex obtuseꎬ sometimes have
mucronulateꎬ distal acroscopic margins entire or sha ̄
llowly undulateꎬ basiscopic base truncate and often
forming a 80-100 degree angle with rachisꎻ indusia
margin repand or eroseꎬ caducous.
Table 1  Comparison of three Chinese species of Polystichum
Character   Polystichum mulunense       P􀆰 guangxiense           P􀆰 fengshanense
Rhizome scales lanceolateꎬ brownꎬ marginssparsely serrulate
lanceolateꎬ brownꎬ margins
sparsely serrulate
ovate ̄deltate or lanceolateꎬ brownꎬ margins
entire
Laminae lanceolateꎬ base slightlycontracted
oblong ̄lanceolateꎬ base no
angusta contracted
oblanceolateꎬ gradually narrowed toward
base from below middle of lamina
Pinnules
coriaceousꎬ remoteꎬ obliqueꎬ att ̄
ached at ca. 60-75 degree an ̄
gles to rachisꎬ rhomboidal to
trapeziform
chartaceous to coriaceousꎬ sub ̄
verticalꎬ attached at ca. 80-100
degree angles to rachisꎬ oblong
or rhomboidal
chartaceousꎬ remoteꎬ sub ̄verticalꎬ attached
at ca. 70- 90 degree angles to rachisꎬ ob ̄
longꎬ basalmost pairs nearly fan ̄shaped and
1 / 4-1 / 3 as long as middle ones
Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to Wen ̄Hong
Lin ( IBK) for the handsome drawingꎬ to Yu ̄Song Huangꎬ
Shui ̄Song Moꎬ Jin ̄Cai Yangꎬ Meng ̄Qi Hanꎬ Ri ̄Cheng Peng
and Yun ̄Biao Liao (IBK) for field assistance.
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