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作 者 ：胡海清1；吴畏1；岳彩玲2；陈婉婷2；张冉1；李莹1；孙龙1*

期 刊 ：植物研究 2015年 35卷 2期 页码：279-288

关键词：土壤呼吸；火干扰；影响因子；典型林型；小兴安岭；

Keywords:soil respiration, fire disturbance, impact factor, typical forest type, Xiaoxing&rsquo, an Moutains,

摘 要 ：以小兴安岭2种典型林型（落叶松林和白桦林）的火后短期（火烧后1年内）土壤呼吸为研究对象。对火烧迹地与对照样地的土壤呼吸进行测定，比较火干扰后短期内火烧迹地与对照样地土壤呼吸的变化。结果表明：2种林型同一月份火烧与对照样地之间土壤呼吸速率差异最显著的月份均出现在8月（P<0.05），其他月份差异不显著（P>0.05），但火干扰后短期内白桦林的土壤呼吸总平均值有所下降，落叶松林略有增加，具体表现为白桦林火烧样地生长季土壤总呼吸平均值（3.91 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）明显低于对照样地（5.29 μmol·m^-2·s^-1），自养呼吸和异养呼吸同样小于对照样地，4个月的土壤呼吸总平均值火干扰后亦下降。落叶松林火烧样地生长季土壤总呼吸（4.62 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）高于对照样地（4.18 μmol·m^-2·s^-1），自养呼吸（火烧0.76 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）高于对照0.50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）和异养呼吸（火烧3.86 μmol·m^-2·s^-1高于对照3.67 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）同样大于对照样地，并且4个月的总平均值火干扰后亦有所升高；在回归模型中白桦林和落叶松林5 cm处土壤温度，土壤湿度以及其交互作用共同解释土壤总呼吸的82.9%和88.6%，火干扰后白桦林的解释比例为88.8%有所上升，落叶松林为72.9%有所降低。本研究旨在估测火干扰对土壤呼吸的影响，为火干扰对土壤呼吸的短期影响研究提供基础数据，为更深入地研究土壤呼吸对火干扰的响应提供参考依据。

Abstract:In burned areas of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, with the unburned nearby areas as the control, we examined the rate of soil respiration in burned and control areas, and studied the differences of short-term soil respiration between the burned and control areas. By comparing the rate of soil respiration between the burned and control areas of two forest types in same months, there was significant difference in august(P<0.05), while it was not obvious in other months(P>0.05). The overall mean rate of soil respiration in B.platyphylla forest had a descending trend after fire disturbance, while it was increased after the fire in L.gmelinii forest. The specific performances were as follow: the mean rate of R_s over the growing season in the burned areas(3.91 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) was lower than the control areas(5.29 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) in B.platyphylla forest, and R_h, R_a, the overall mean rate of soil respiration over four months were also declined after the fire. The rate of R_s in burned plots(4.62 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) was higher than that in unburned plots(4.18 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) over the growing season in L.gmelinii forest, R_h, R_a and the overall mean soil respiration rate in burned plots was also higher than those in control plots. The variation in the soil respiration rate could be explained by soil water content and soil temperature and their interaction at the depth of 5 cm. By regression, fitted T, W and T×W model could explain that R_s rates in control plot of B.platyphylla and L.gmelinii forests were 82.9% and 88.6%, respectively. It was 88.8% in post-fire plot of B.platyphylla forest, higher than the control. While it declined to 72.9% in burned plot of L.gmelinii forest. We found out the change of fire disturbance on soil respiration, and would provide a scientific basic data on the effects of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in the soil respiration on the response of fire disturbance.

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